一种基于迈斯纳效应的超导电机

超导电机是基于低温环境下超导体迈斯纳效应应用的一种新型旋转电机.该电机有常规电机无法比拟的优良特性:具有高速,结构简单和低损耗的特点.近年来得到发展,特别是在航空,航海,卫星等高科技领域的应用.本文讨论了应用迈斯纳效应的超导电机的工作原理,电机的设计方案.着眼于工程制造,应用有限元方法针对电机设计进行了可行性分析,并对电机性能进行了理论评估.     

一种基于迈斯纳效应的超导电机的驱动力的计算

超导体的迈斯纳效应是超导体的特有的性质之一,超导驱动的电机正是利用超导体的这个性质而设计的一种新型电机,由于驱动原理与传统的电机有很大的不同,这种电机的驱动力的计算一直是这种超导电机设计中要解决的主要问题,针对一种结构的电机,利用理论分析和数值计算的方法计算了一种基于超导体迈斯纳效应的超导电机驱动力的大小,为这种电机的设计提供了主要依据。     

薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布

本文用Ginzburg-Landau理论研究在薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布．对于巨涡旋态，我们发现随着外场的增加，内半径附近的电荷会从负号变为正号．本文表明，是顺磁迈斯纳效应和抗磁迈斯纳效应的竞争决定了涡旋电荷的分布．     

超导体的宏观电磁理论

本文系统叙述了伦敦方程及其物理意义，并较好地解释了超导电零电阻特性和迈斯纳效应．     

基于迈斯纳效应超导电机的设计与电磁结构分析

本文对低温超导体在低温环境下表现出的迈斯纳效应进行了分析,并将这一现象产生的抗磁特性应用于电机驱动,设计出一种定子位于转子内部的超导电机。文章还阐述了电机的工作原理,结构设计方案。针对一种两相驱动的结构设计方案进行了电磁结构分析,得到具体的电机特性参数。     

高温超导材料的抗磁比率

你经常测量高温超导材料的抗磁比率，测得正确吗？抗磁比率大的样品一定好，小的一定不好吗？ 除去零电阻特性外，超导体最重要的特性是完全抗磁性，或称迈斯纳效应．因此，在高温超导电性 的研究中，人们经常要对材料的抗磁程度，即迈斯纳比率进行测量．一般认为它标志着材料的好坏，表 征材料中超导相所占的体积比．本文就其测量方法，以及它在多大程度上反映了材料的品质等问题进 行一些介绍和讨论．     

薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布

本文用Ginzburg-Landau理论研究在薄介观超导环中的涡旋电荷分布.对于巨涡旋态,我们发现随着外场的增加,内半径附近的电荷会从负号变为正号.本文表明,是顺磁迈斯纳效应和抗磁迈斯纳效应的竞争决定了涡旋电荷的分布.     

超导球在磁场中的受控运动—迈斯纳效应演示实验方案

用相互垂直的数个线圈构造空间磁场的极小值点，通过计算机改变线圈中的电流，使此极小值点做受控运动，从而实验通过悬浮于该处的超导球对迈斯纳效应的动态展示，文章还对实验的原理和可行性进行了讨论。     

超导球在磁场中的受控运动——迈斯纳效应演示实验方案

用相互垂直的数个线圈构造空间磁场的极小值点 ,通过计算机改变线圈中的电流 ,使此极小值点做受控运动 ,从而实现通过悬浮于该处的超导球对迈斯纳效应的动态展示 .文章还对实验的原理和可行性进行了讨论     

三维介观超导环涡旋态的研究

通过数值求解非线性金兹堡-朗道(G-L)方程组,研究了三维介观超导环中的涡旋态。发现了在细环中只能存在巨涡旋态,以及存在顺磁、抗磁迈斯纳效应和间隙性超导现象。在粗环中,发现了多涡旋态和巨涡旋态共存的混合态。相应讨论有助于理解介观超导环中涡旋态相变。     

方波电泳电场驱动下液膜马达的电致流动特征

液膜马达作为一种新颖的实验装置在基础研究和技术应用方面都将会发挥着重要的作用, 深入研究各种条件下液膜马达的电致流动特征是非常有意义的. 本文从理论上研究了均匀恒定外电场中的液膜马达在方波电泳电场驱动下的动力学特征, 解析地给出了液膜转动的线速度随时空变化的规律. 理论结果表明, 液膜会随着电泳电场频率的增大由对称性往复转动逐渐转变为振动, 这不仅有助于从理论上认识液膜马达振动的物理根源, 也为在实际应用中设计液膜搅拌机提供了一种新思路.     

Characteristic model of travelling wave ultrasonic motor

In general, the design and analysis of ultrasonic motor and motor’s control strategy are based on mathematical model. The academic model is widely used in the analysis of traveling wave ultrasonic motor (TWUSM). But the dispersive characteristic of piezoelectric ceramics and other complicated process, such as the friction, make the model’s precision not so accurate. On the other hand, identification modeling method, which is built based on the tested data, has obtained increasing application in the study of ultrasonic motor’s control technology. Based on the identification model, many control strategies can be designed easily. But the identification model is an approximate model, so if a more accurate model of ultrasonic motor can be obtained, the analysis and design of motor control system will be more effective. Characteristic model is a kind of identification model which can accurately describe the characteristics of TWUSM. Based on the tested data, this paper proposes the modeling method of ultrasonic motor’s characteristic model. The paper also makes a comparison of the effectiveness of different identification algorithms. Aiming at the speed control of ultrasonic motor, the influence of the parameter’s initial values on the precision of model is discussed. The calculating results indicate the availability of this characteristic model.     

Self‐Propelled Micro/Nanoparticle Motors

The growing interest in the design and fabrication of novel autonomous micro‐ and nanoparticles is motivated by the vast advances in their motion efficiency and their further implementation in both biomedical and environmental fields. The present review covers the motion principle and fabrication procedures of synthetic and hybrid particle‐like micromotors reported to date to give a comprehensive view of the key design parameters and different approaches for optimal motor guidance. The applications of self‐propelled micro‐ and nanoparticles in different fields are classified accordingly to clarify not only the latest advances but also the current challenges and constraints in the field. This review aims to provide clues to develop more efficient and biocompatible autonomous microparticles in the future, with advanced multitasking and sensing capabilities while being able to perform cooperative work.     

空芯大气隙高温超导直线电机电磁力实验研究

直线电机是一种无需中间传动装置而直接将电磁力转换为线性运动的特种电机,在交通运输领域具有广泛的应用前景.将高温超导技术与电机理论相结合,能够有效利用超导材料的强载流能力与高场特性提高直线电机的输出能力.本文提出了一种应用于超导磁悬浮列车牵引的空芯高温超导直线电机,首先建立空芯高温超导直线电机的二维有限元模型对电机结构参数进行初步探索,并完成了超导直线电机样机的设计与制作.通过搭建实验测试平台完成了空芯高温超导直线电机定子磁场和电磁力的实验测试.有限元计算结果与实验数据有较好的一致性,验证了模型的有效性,并利用该模型研究了定子电流,超导线圈电流以及电机气隙对电机推进力输出的影响.本文的相关成果将促进超高速磁浮交通领域关键驱动技术的研究与发展.     

Research on refractive index of optical cement used in Glan-Thompson prisms

The influence of the refractive index n2 of optical cement on the structure angle, field angle, and transmission of Glan-Thompson prism has been studied in detail. The results show that the structure angle will increase with the decrease of n2 under the condition of the largest field angle. Thus, the ratio of length to width (L/A) of the prism will decrease, which means more materials can be saved. When the value of L/A is 3.0 or 2.5 in the routine design, the field angle will firstly increase and then decrease with the increment of n2. Two routine designs with the n2 values of 1.47 and 1.45 have the optimal field angle. In addition, n2 also has great influence on light intensity transmittance of the prism. Considering all these factors, it will be the best choice with L/A=2.5 and n2 = 1.45 - 1.46.     

基于ANSYS的高温超导直线感应电机仿真分析

随着直线感应电机在地铁等城市轨道交通中的不断应用和高温超导带材技术的不断完善,文中提出一种新型高温超导直线感应电动机的设计思路,依据直线感应电机电磁设计原理,对高温超导直线感应电机进行了研究和设计;利用大型有限元软件ANSYS对电机的电磁场、电磁力等进行仿真,给出仿真结果;并对仿真结果进行简要说明。最后通过对普通铜绕组直线感应电机和高温超导直线感应电机的理论和仿真分析对比,验证了高温超导直线感应电机将具有更大的优越性。     

新型动磁式直线压缩机电机的改进设计

研制了一种新型直线压缩机驱动用动磁式直线振动电动机。建立了电动机磁路物理模型,并对电动机动子动力学模型进行了求解,得到了电磁驱动力的基本要求,分析了电动机参数对动子运动特性和电动机性能的影响。运用电磁场有限元方法对动磁式直线电动机电磁场模型求解,磁通分布揭示了电磁力产生机理,分析并优化了不同于传统直线电机的设计方式。数据分析揭示了动磁式直线电动机力-位移-电流之间的关系,为压缩机和电动机控制系统设计奠定了基础。     

A novel configuration for a brushless DC motor with an integrated planetary gear train

This paper presents a novel configuration of a brushless DC (BLDC) motor with an integrated planetary gear train, which provides further functional and structural integrations to overcome inherent drawbacks of traditional designs. The effects of gear teeth on the magnetic field and performance of the BLDC motor are investigated. Two standard gear profile systems integrated on the stator with feasible numbers of gear teeth are introduced to reduce the cogging torque. An equivalent magnetic circuit model and an air-gap permeance model are applied to analytically analyze the magnetic field, while the validity is verified by 2-D finite-element method (FEM). Furthermore, the motor performance is discussed and compared with an existing design. The results show that the present design has the characteristics of lower cogging torque and torque ripple than the conventional design, which is of benefit to the widely applications on accurate motion and position control for BLDC motors.     

高温超导块脉冲磁化实验研究与理论模拟

通过磁化熔融织构超导块材俘获远高于常规永磁体的磁场,可以用于磁分离、制作电机等,如何磁化是其中关键技术问题之一.脉冲磁化目前被认为是最有前景的超导块材的磁化方式之一.我们通过霍尔元件测量脉冲磁化过程中超导块材表面磁场的变化,并运用磁通蠕动流动模型和幂指数模型分别描述脉冲磁化过程,理论与实验相比较,结果表明磁通蠕动流动模型能够更好地描述脉冲磁化,热量的产生、局域的温升直接关系到俘获磁场的大小,通过合理的铁轭设置和利用多脉冲磁化技术有助于提高最终的磁化效果.     

On the design of open resonators for quasi-optical gyrotrons

In the design of a 120 GHz 200 kW quasi-optical gyrotron, we have analyzed the influence of the open resonator geometry (two circular mirrors facing one another) on the electronic efficiency, the ohmic losses, the output coupling and the multimode behavior. The method we have used to optimized the resonator design will be presented. Mode selectivity is improved by using a resonator formed by two mirrors each of which has a central step. Numerical simulations show that single mode operation can also be attained in the more favorable situation of a magnetic field having a positive taper over the interaction region.