多孔碳球/SiC纳米纤维/十八醇复合相变材料定型封装及其热性能研究

以SiC纳米纤维为传热介质,在其表面采用原位生长的方法,均匀负载了多孔碳材料,从而制备了多孔碳球/SiC纳米纤维载体材料.然后以十八醇为相变芯材,通过物理吸附法制备了多孔碳球/SiC纳米纤维/十八醇复合相变材料,研究了不同相变芯材负载量的复合相变材料的储热性能与稳定性能.DSC检测表明,负载40wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的熔点和凝固点分别为58.16℃和52.25℃,熔化潜热为101.42 J/g;负载50wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的熔点和凝固点分别为58.01℃和51.93℃,熔化潜热为115.47 J/g.与十八醇相比,负载40wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的导热率提高了71;;负载50 wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的导热率提高了62;.该复合相变材料在循环使用300次后,其导热率基本保持相同,具有稳定性高;相变芯材封装安全性好,相变潜热大,具有非常优异的应用性能.     

高岭石/二甲基亚砜插层复合物结构模拟

以张家口宣化高岭土为原料,制备高岭石/二甲基亚砜( dimethylsulfoxide, DMSO)插层复合物。利用X射线衍射( X-ray diffraction, XRD ),傅里叶红外光谱( Fourier transform infrared spectracopy, FT-IR ),热重-差热分析( Thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, TG-DTA)对制备的复合物进行表征。其中,XRD和FT-IR显示二甲基亚砜分子已进入高岭石层间,使其层间距由0.718 nm增加至1.130 nm。 TG-DTA结果表明插层复合物热相变经历以下三个阶段：二甲基亚砜分子脱嵌(约199℃),脱羟基(约522℃),高岭石重结晶(997℃)。此外,依据表征结果推测二甲基亚砜分子在高岭石层间存在形式,构建了复合物体系的结构模型,并对高岭石/二甲基亚砜插层作用机理进行了讨论。     

黏土矿物-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵作用机理及其结构

黏土矿物有机插层复合物作为重要的功能材料现已被广泛应用于吸附、化工和环保等众多领域.采用插层法将十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)插入到黏土矿物高岭石、钠基蒙脱石和蛭石层间,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重-差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)及扫描电镜(SEM)等表征方法对插层复合物的作用机理及结构进行研究.结果表明:高岭石在经过多次"替代"插层后,层间氢键被破坏,层间作用力减弱,CTAC分子进入其层间,这引起高岭石片层由于层间的束缚力释放形成卷曲形貌.蒙脱石与蛭石以离子交换的形式与CTAC分子发生反应,该过程尚未对它们的形貌产生明显影响.此外,进一步建立了黏土矿物-CTAC插层复合物的结构模型,提出CTAC分子在高岭石和蒙脱石层间分别以35°和32°的夹角双层斜立,在蛭石层间以44°的夹角单层斜立.     

煤系高岭石插层合成X型沸石分子筛及其结构中钾的占位

归属于八面沸石结构(FAU)的X型沸石分子筛是一种重要的催化剂,在石油化工及吸附剂领域具有广泛应用前景,目前利用传统工艺生产的沸石分子筛价格昂贵.我国煤系高岭石资源丰富、品质优良,经过醋酸钾插层处理后,是合成X型分子筛的理想原料.本文应用X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重等多种表征技术,对高温焙烧后的高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物进行了表征.结果表明,焙烧高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物合成X型沸石的最佳温度为800℃,最佳浓度为30;.并进一步探讨了高岭石/醋酸钾插层复合物合成X型沸石分子筛的机理、结构以及钾离子在沸石分子筛骨架外的分布位置.     

插层法制备g-C3N4/高岭石复合材料及其光学性能

高岭石表面与层间具有较高的活性和良好的规范性,因而适合对其进行化学修饰,在催化剂负载方面值得深入研究.本文以甲氧基嫁接的高岭石为前躯体,采用置换插层法制备出高岭石/三聚氰胺插层复合物,进一步在550 ℃煅烧获得g-C3N4/高岭石复合光催化剂.利用X射线衍射、傅里叶红外和热重-差热分析等手段对复合光催化材料进行表征,并对其光催化性能进行研究.结果表明,当高岭石与光催化剂前驱体三聚氰胺质量比为1∶1和1∶2时,较难缩聚得到g-C3N4;然而,当高岭石与三聚氰胺质量比为1∶3、1∶4、1∶5时,可获得不同g-C3N4占比的复合材料,其整体分散状况因高岭石的加入而有效改善,这表明高岭石的加入能有效避免g-C3N4的团聚.所制备的高岭石负载石墨相氮化碳光催化材料具有较好的光学性能,在探索经济、高效、绿色矿物基复合光催化剂方面研究具有重要意义.     

物理法制备芒硝基复合相变材料及其性能研究

以芒硝(Na2SO4· 10H2O)为主相变材料,采用物理共混法,筛选出合适添加辅助材料组成多元混盐体系,制备出相变温度在25℃左右的Na2SO4· 10H2O基复合相变材料,研究了原料配比对相变材料相变温度和相变潜热的影响.通过热重分析、T-history曲线、差示扫描量热法等表征了制备的芒硝基相变储能材料性质.结果表明:二元相变材料相变温度随着Na2CO3·10H2O增加而先降低后增大;相变材料相变潜热密度基本不变.三元相变材料相变温度随着NaCl、KCl、NH4Cl量增加相变温度降低;相变材料相变潜热密度相比于二元体系有所减小,且在一定范围内随着成核剂硼砂含量的增加该体系相变潜热密度基本保持不变,过冷度有明显下降.当Na2SO4· 10H2O量为86.4;、Na2CO3 · 10H2O量为9.6;、NaCl量为4;,对该配方改性添加3;的硼砂和0.1;的羧甲基纤维素钠时,此相变材料的相变温度为24.6℃,过冷度为0.3℃,相变潜热密度为179.6 J/g.     

高岭石/甲醇复合物结构及其脱嵌动力学研究

目前对高岭石/二甲基亚砜(Kaol-DMSO)和高岭石/甲醇(Kaol-Me)复合物的研究大多局限于对其表面特征分析,鲜有对其脱嵌动力学特征研究的报道.本文在综合分析Kaol-DMSO和Kaol-Me复合物结构的基础上,重点针对其脱嵌动力学特征进行分析.结果表明:与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)分子依靠氢键结合在高岭石晶层间不同,甲醇(Me)分子是取代高岭石晶层八面体结构中Al-OH的-H形成甲氧基嫁接在晶层中.由于DMSO和Me在高岭石层间有着两种不同的存在状态,所以Kaol-Me复合物的活化能大于Kaol-DMSO插层复合物的活化能.活化能的大小反映了其结构的稳定性,据其活化能值推断Kaol-Me复合物的稳定性大于Kaol-DMSO插层复合物.     

无机盐／微结构陶瓷基复合储能材料的制备工艺和热物理性能

本文讨论了微结构陶瓷/无机盐复合储能材料的制备工艺及其对热物理性能和组织结构的影响.将NaNO2-NaNO3,Na2SO4,Na-BaCO3等无机盐嵌入多孔陶瓷体内的微米级多孔网络中,从而形成显热和潜热复合储能的新型储能材料.这种材料不仅蓄热量大,可以定形且可与流体直接接触换热.文章介绍了混合烧结和熔盐自浸渗两种制备工艺,详细分析了各制备工艺对微结构陶瓷/无机盐复合储能材料性能的影响.对材料进行了TW、DSC热分析和XRD、SEM显微结构分析,得出不同制备工艺下材料的热物理性能,其最大值可达:相变潜热92.67 J/g,比热1.54 J/g·℃,蓄热密度240 J/g(△T=100℃).     

二氧化硅包覆芒硝基相变储能微胶囊制备及性能表征

将四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)作为硅源,芒硝基相变储能微胶囊作为芯材,通过乳液聚合的方法制备了二氧化硅包覆的芒硝基相变储能微胶囊.测得芒硝基相变储能微胶囊的熔化焓和凝固焓分别为136.4 J/g和76.9 J/g,融化和凝固温度分别为23.6℃和17.6℃.微胶囊的核-壳结构减轻了无机水合盐固液分离程度,抑制了相分层现象的发生.在100次循环后,熔化焓为64.3 J/g,具有较好的循环稳定性,可用于热能存储等领域.     

纳米粉体对Na2SO4·10H2O过冷及相分层现象的影响

采用物理和化学分散相结合的方法分别制备了Cu-Na2SO4·10H2O,Al-Na2SO4·10H2O及C-Na2SO4·10H2O纳米复合相变储能材料,探讨纳米Cu粉,纳米Al粉及纳米C粉对Na2 SO4·10H2O过冷及相分层的影响,并对CNa2 SO4·10H2O复合相变储能材料的导热系数,热扩散系数,比热,相变潜热及形貌进行分析.结果表明:纳米材料的添加使得Na2 SO4·10H2O的过冷显著降低,分别为1.8℃,2.1℃,1.2℃;纳米Cu粉及纳米Al粉复合相变储能材料相变循环后失效,而纳米C粉复合相变储能材料无明显相分层现象;随着纳米C含量的增加,复合相变储能材料导热系数增高,热扩散系数增高,比热降低,复合相变储能材料在融化和结晶状态下,导热系数都随着温度升高而增大;相变循环50次后的4; C-Na2SO4·10H2O复合材料相变潜热值为188.3 J/g.     

不同载体的Na2SO4·10H2O基定形相变材料的制备和热性能研究

基于节能减排的重要性,针对Na2 SO4·10H2 O基相变材料相变过程中液相泄露和长期使用的热稳定性问题,采用直接浸渍的方法将其封装入不同载体(SiO2气凝胶、X型分子筛、膨胀珍珠岩、活性炭和硅藻土)中,成功制备了不同载体的定形相变材料.通过SEM、XRD、DSC等表征方法,测定了饱和吸附时各自的相变材料占比分别为80.0;、82.2;、76.9;、89.2;及60.6;;并且从热性能、机械性能、成本等方面综合对比了不同载体的性能,发现膨胀珍珠岩(EP)是性价比最优的载体材料.进一步对Na2 SO4·10H2 O/EP复合相变材料进行了熔冻循环实验测试,经过100次循环实验,热值损耗保持在15;以内,过冷度稳定在10℃以内,热稳定性良好.     

Laser excitation dependent nonlinear absorption of 2-Amino 5-Nitropyridinium dihydrogen phosphate

Abstract

Laser excitation and intensity-dependent third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) absorption properties of 2-amino 5-nitropyridinium dihydrogen phosphate (2A5NPDP) in both pulsed (532?nm, 5?ns, 100 µJ) and continuous wave (532?nm, 50?mW) regime were studied by Z-scan experiment. Under CW laser excitation, 2A5NPDP exhibits saturable absorption (SA) ascribed to be of thermo-optic origin. Interestingly the sample show reverse saturable absorption (RSA) due to genuine two-photon absorption (2PA) process under nano pulsed laser excitation. Earlier thermodynamic properties such as thermal conductivity (51?W/m.K), specific heat capacity (3894?J/Kg.K) and thermal diffusivity (7.5?×?10^?6 m²/s) were estimated theoretically from the DSC curves. Thus 2A5NPDP with excellent thermal stability and high NLO coefficients can be utilized as an energy-absorbing optical limiter and saturable absorber under nano pulsed and CW green laser excitation.     

高炉熔渣微晶玻璃的结构与性能研究

高温熔渣具有大量显热与渣体.采用熔融法制备微晶玻璃可以更好地利用其热和渣,达到高效利用的目的.通过高温条件下混熔的方式制备性能稳定的基础玻璃.利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)确定基础玻璃的热处理工艺制度.结合高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、场发射扫描式电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对微晶玻璃的结构进行了研究.研究表明:基础玻璃中氟含量的增加,有利于促进微晶玻璃成核和晶体长大,降低微晶玻璃的形核结晶温度.在低温热处理得到微晶玻璃的主晶相为萤石,高温热处理得到的微晶玻璃析出了霞石和萤石两个微晶相.高炉渣微晶玻璃中,微晶相的出现可有效提高微晶玻璃的力学性能,试样的显微硬度最高可达585.68 MPa,抗折强度最高可达126.21 MPa.     

Distinct property effects on rapid solidification of a thin liquid layer on a substrate subject to self-consistent melting

Heat transfer of a molten splat in a thin layer rapidly solidified on a cold substrate subject to self-consistent melting and distinct thermal and physical properties has been numerically investigated. Micro-electro-mechanical systems, semi-conductor technology, splat cooling, plasma or powder spray deposition, single and twin-roller melt spinning, strip and slab casting, melt extraction, etc. are usually characterized by rapid solidification of a thin liquid layer on a cold substrate. This work has proposed that the one-dimensional rapid freezing in the splat is governed by nonequilibrium kinetics at the solidification front while the melting in the substrate is determined from the traditional phase change condition. The results show that to delay the freezing of the splat and accelerate the melting of the substrate, an increase in the splat-to-substrate specific heat ratio and decreases in Stefan number, dimensionless solid conductivity of the substrate and substrate-to-splat density ratio are suggested. The freezing of the splat and melting of the substrate are delayed by increasing dimensionless initial temperature and decreasing dimensionless nucleation temperature of the splat. An early melting of the substrate while maintaining the same onset time for the freezing of the splat can be achieved by increasing the dimensionless kinetic coefficient and equilibrium melting temperature of the splat and decreasing the dimensionless equilibrium melting temperature of the substrate. The effects of the parameters on enthalpies and interface velocities in the splat and substrate are also presented.     

Radiative Heat Transfer in a Resistance Heated Floating Zone Furnace: A Numerical Study with FIDAPTM

This paper presents a numerical study of radiative heat transfer in a floating zone (FZ) furnace which was performed by using the commercial finite element program FIDAP^TM. This resistance furnace should provide a temperature higher than the melting temperature of silicon (i.e. T_max ≈ 1500 °C) and a variable temperature gradient at the liquid/solid interface (≥ 25 K/cm). Due to the high working temperatures, heat radiation plays the dominant role for the heat transfer in the furnace. For this reason, the quality of view factors used in the wall‐to‐wall model was carefully inspected with energy‐balance checks. A numerical model with two control parameters is applied to study the influence of material and geometrical parameters on the temperature field. In addition, this model allows us to estimate the internal thermal conditions which were used as thermal boundary conditions for partial 3D simulations. The influences of an optical lens system on the radial symmetry of the temperature field were examined with these partial 3D simulations. Furthermore, we used the inverse modeling method to achieve maximum possible temperature gradients at the liquid/solid interface according to the limitation of maximum available power and the maximum stable height of a melt zone.     

Experimental observations of the thermal stability of high-k gate dielectric materials on silicon

High-k dielectric materials including zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide produced by atomic layer deposition have been evaluated for thermal stability. As-deposited samples have been compared with rapid thermal annealed samples over a range of source/drain dopant activation temperatures consistent with conventional complimentary metal oxide semiconductor polysilicon gate processes. Results of this initial investigation are presented utilizing analyses derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectometry (XRR), medium energy ion spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), tunneling atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. Changes in interface and surface roughness, percent crystallinity and phase identification for each material as a function of anneal temperature have been determined by XRD, XRR and HRTEM. Finally, high-k wet etch issues are presented relative to subsequent titanium silicide blanket film resistivity values.     

Thermal and optical studies on induced smectic phases of inter molecular hydrogen bonded liquid crystals between decyloxy benzoic acid and citric acid

Hydrogen bonded liquid crystal complex (HBLC) is prepared from mesogenic 4-decyloxy benzoic acid (10OBA) and aliphatic nonmesogenic citric acid (CA). Liquid crystal (LC) phases are investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) validate the intermolecular complementary, cyclic type of hydrogen bond (HB) and molecular environment in the designed HBLC complex. Mesomorphic phases like nematic, smectic X (Sm X) and smectic G (Sm G) are characterized by various textures and using different techniques such as POM, DSC and optical tilt angle measurements. Thermal span width and thermal stability factor for the observed phase is calculated. The complexes are prepared in different mole ratio and their corresponding influences on the phase transitions are discussed. Also it is observed that the HB units play a vital role in stabilizing the new Sm X phase. The variation in thermal stability of smectic phases due to the influence of aromatic cores and length of end chain in the different mole ratio of the present HBLC complexes are also discussed. The variation of tilt angle with respect to temperature in the smectic phase has been experimentally calculated and analyzed. The lowered melting and clearing transition temperatures and extended thermal span width in the Sm X phase are also reported.     

Preparation of zirconia mullite flakes via a plasma rapid solidification process using starting materials derived from a sol–gel technique

Flakes of zirconia–mullite with different zirconia contents varying from 3 to 24 wt% were produced from sol–gel derived raw materials via a plasma melting method followed by a rapid solidification process using a rotating copper roll. The morphology, phase constitution and microstructure development of the as-prepared flakes and of the flakes after various heat treatments were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the starting materials could be transformed from the initial irregular-shaped powders into flakes which consisted of mullite, zirconia phase, a relatively large amount of glassy phase and pores. Using TEM, it was shown that the crystalline phases consisted of zirconia polymorphs and mullite. The glassy phases consisted of Al₂O₃–SiO₂ solid solution supersaturated with zirconia. Firing at 1500 °C or 1700 °C resulted in full crystallisation of the flakes and a fairly homogeneous distribution of zirconia particles in terms of size and shape dispersed in the mullite matrix, which contained both intra-granular and inter-granular precipitates. The microstructural characteristics of the flakes may provide promising physical properties for applications in high temperature thermal insulation materials.