1,2-双[2-甲基-5-(3,4-二氟苯基)噻吩-3-基]全氟环戊烯的合成

在冰浴条件下, 2-甲基噻吩(1)与液溴反应生成3,5-二溴-2-甲基噻吩(2); 在－78 ℃条件下, 硼酸三丁酯加入2, 得到2-甲基-3-溴-5-硼酸基噻吩(3); 3,4-二氟溴苯与3反应得到2-甲基-3-溴-5-(3,4-二氟苯基)噻吩(4); 在－78 ℃下全氟环戊烯与4反应, 得到一种新的二芳基乙烯类光致变色化合物1,2-双[2-甲基-5-(3,4-二氟苯基)噻吩-3-基]全氟环戊烯(DT-1). 用IR, NMR, MS和元素分析确定了化合物DT-1的结构, 并对该化合物的光致变色特性进行了初步研究.     

Synthesis of 1,2-bis[2-methyl-5(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-thienyl] perfluorocyclopentene

2-Methylthiophene (1) was treated at 0°C with liquid bromine to form 3,5-dibromo-2-methylthiophene (2) which reacted with tributyl borate to give 2-methyl-3-bromo-5-boronate thiophene (3) at −78°C. Treatment of 3 with 3,4-difluorobrombenzene gave 2-methyl-3-bromo-5-(3,4-difluorophenyl)thiophene (4). Finally, a novel photochromic dithienylethene compound, 1,2-bis [2-methyl-5(3,4-difluorophenyl)-3-thienyl]perfluorocyclopentene (DT-1), was synthesized by the reaction of 4 with perfluorocyclopentene at −78°C. The compound (DT-1) was characterized by IR, NMR, MS, elemental analysis and its photochromic behavior was also discussed. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2007, 27(10): 1282–1284 [译自: 有机化学]     

On the reaction of diethyl 3,4-dihydroxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate with 1,2-dibromoethane

Summary Reaction of diethyl 3,4-dihydroxythiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate (1) with an excess of 1,2-dibromoethane afforded a mixture of the 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b] [1,4]-dioxine-derivative3 and the 3-oxo-2,3-dihydrothiophene4. Compounds3 and4 were characterized by spectroscopic methods.

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Zur Reaktion von 3,4-Dihydroxythiophen-2,5-dicarbonsäurediethylester mit 1,2-Dibromethan (Kurze Mitt.)

Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von 3,4-Dihydroxythiophen-2,5-dicarbonsäureethylester (1) mit einem Überschuß an 1,2-Dibromethan führt zur Bildung des 2,3-Dihydrothieno[3,4-b] [1,4]dioxin-Derivats3 und des 3-Oxo-2,3-dihydrothiophens4. Die Struktur der Verbindungen3 und4 wurde mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Methoden ermittelt.

     

Syntheses and Characterization of 4-Octyloxybenzyl Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based Red Emitting Copolymers with Low Turn-on Voltage

Two novel diketopyrrolopyrrole-based alternating copolymers, poly(2,7-(9,9-diethyl)-fluorenylvinylene-alt-2,5-bis(4′-octyloxyphe- nylmethyl)-3,6-bis(4-vinylenephenyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (P1) and poly(1,4-(2,5-dioctyl- oxy)-phenylenevinylene-alt-2,5-bis(4′-octyloxyphenylmethyl)-3,6-bis(4-vinylenephenyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione) (P2) were synthesized through Wittig polycondensation in good yields. P1 and P2 were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL). EL devices with ITO/PEDOT/polymer/CsF/Al exhibited red-emitting light with the maximum EL wavelength at 620 nm and 682 nm. The results show that PL quantum yield of the polymers in thin film can be improved through N-alkylation of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) with bulky substituent. EL performance of P2 was better than P1, which might be due to 1,4-dioctyloxybenzene of P2 enhancing the hole-transporting to make more charge balance. EL devices of P1 and P2 possessed low turn on voltage (2.4 V and 2.1 V, respectively), which was an advantage for PLED.     

Synthesis and Cation-Binding Properties of (1→6)-2,5-Anhydro-D-glucitol with 3,4-Di-O-Pentyl and Decyl Groups by Cyclopolymerization of 1,2:5,6-Dianhydro-D-mannitols

Abstract

The cyclopolymerizations of 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-di-O-pentyl-D-mannitol (1b) and 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-di-O-decyl-D-mannitol (1c) were carried out using BF₃OEt₂ and t-BuOK. All the resulting polymers consisted of cyclic constitutional units, i.e., the extent of cyclization was 100%. The polymer structures for the polymerization with t-BuOK were (1→6)-2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-pentyl-D-glucitol (2b) and (1→6)-2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-decyl-D-glucitol (2c), whereas those with BF₃O-decyl₂ comprised 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitols as major units along with other cyclic ones. These polymers were soluble in n-hexane, CHCl₃, and THF, but insoluble in water, which differs from the amphiphilic solubility of (1→6)-2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-methyl-D-glucitol (2a). The cation-binding properties of 2b and 2c were examined using alkali-metal picrates in order to compare them with those of 2a. The extraction yields for each cation decreased in the order of 2c < 2b < 2a. Every polymer exhibited a similar cation-binding selectivity in the order Cs⁺ > Rb⁺ > K⁺ ? Na⁺ > Li⁺. The ratio of K⁺ and Na⁺, K⁺/Na⁺, was 4.6 for 2a, 5.1 for 2b, and 7.1 for 2c in the increasing order 2a < 2b > 2c.     

X-ray diffraction investigation of perfluoro-4-methylenecyclohexa-2,5-dienones

Perfluorinated 8-phenyl-7,8-diethylbicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,4,6-trien-3-one (3), 2-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)-1,1-diethylbenzocyclobutene (4) and 2-(4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)-5-(2-phenyl-cis-1,2-diethylbenzocyclobuten-1-yloxy)-1,1-diethylbenzocyclobutene (5), including the 4-methylencyclohexa-2,5-dienone fragment, were prepared by the reaction of perfluoro-1,1-(1) and-1,2-diethylbenzocyclobutene (2) with pentafluorobenzene in SbF₅. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study of compounds 3–5 revealed that the oxygen atom of the C=O group participated in the formation of supramolecular architectures in all three compounds, and C=O…π bonding may be considered as the corresponding synthon (with increased separation in the case of compound 5). C-F…π bonding acts as a second synthon. F…F interactions in crystals 3–5 were classified as stabilizing or enforced.     

Thiadiazoloquinoxaline and benzodithiophene bearing polymers for electrochromic and organic photovoltaic applications

Abstract

Two novel thiadiazoloquinoxaline and benzodithiophene (BDT) bearing copolymers were designed and synthesized. Different BDT units (alkoxy and thiophene substituted) were used as donor materials and the effect of alkoxy and thiophene substitution on the electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Both polymers exhibited low oxidation potentials at around 0.90 V and low optical band gaps at around 1.00?eV due to the insertion of electron poor thiadiazoloquinoxaline unit into the polymer backbone. Both P1 (poly-6,7-bis(3,4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-4-(4,8-bis(nonan-3-yloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-[1, 2, 5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline) and P2 (poly- 4-(4,8-bis(5-(nonan-3-yl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-6,7-bis(3,4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-[1, 2, 5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline) exhibited multichromic behavior with different tones of greenish yellow and gray in the neutral and fully oxidized states, respectively. In addition, both polymers revealed very high optical contrasts (～87%) in the NIR region which make these promising polymers good candidates for NIR applications. Finally, in order to explore the organic photovoltaic performances, P1 and P2 were mixed with PC₇₁BM in the active layer of organic solar cells (OSCs) by conventional device structure. As a result P1 and P2 based devices revealed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.33% and 0.60% respectively. However, the additive treatment enhanced PCE from 0.49 to 0.73% for P2 based devices.     

Improved Method for the Synthesis of Dialkyl-substituted Thiophene 1, 1-Dioxides

Abstract

The peracid oxidation of substituted thiophenes to thiophene 1, 1-dioxides has been extensively investigated by Melles and Backer^1,2. Most oxidations, especially those of 3,4-disubstituted thiophenes, afford the sulfones in fair to good yields. Oxidation of 2,5-dimehtylthiophene, however, only yields 14% of the corresponding dioxide. As we needed considerable amounts of this dioxide and related compounds for oxidation studies³ and the preparation of cyclo-heptatrienes⁴, we had to improve the method of its synthesis. We found that using the commercially available m-chloroperbenzoic acid as the oxidant, freezing out (?55 °C) most of the m-chlorobenzoic acid formed and subsequently removing the residual acid with the aid of tert-amino-substituted macroreticular resins, the yield could be increased considerably (Table I). An additional advantage of using the above-mentioned ion-exchange resins is that they decompose any excess of the peracid. This procedure was also successfully applied to the synthesis of other 2,5- or 2,4-disubstituted thiophene 1,1-dioxides (see Table I).     

Efficient synthesis of functionalized spiro-2,5-dihydro-1,2-λ-oxaphospholes

The reaction of ethyl propiolate with triphenylphosphine (Ph₃P) in the presence of N-alkylisatins led to ethyl 2,2,2-triphenyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2-λ⁵-oxaphosphole-4-carboxylate-spiro-1-alkyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones in good yield. The reaction of dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates with Ph₃P in the presence of N-alkylisatins led to dialkyl 2,2,2-triphenyl-2,5-dihydro-1,2-λ⁵-oxaphosphole-3,4-dicarboxylate-spiro-1-alkyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones and alkyl 4-(alkoxy)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furancarboxylate-spiro-1-alkyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones.     

On the syntheses and some reactions of bis- and tris(methylthio)thiophenes

Reaction between various thienyllithium derivatives and dimethyl disulfide has been used for the preparation of 2,5-, 2,3-, and 3,4-bis(methylthio)thiophenes, as well as 2,3,4- and 2,3,5-tris(methylthio)thiophenes. Bromination of (methylthio)thiophenes with N-bromosuccinimide was found to be most convenient for the preparation of brominated (methylthio)thiophenes such as 3-bromo-2,5-bis(methylthio)- and 5-bromo-2,3-bis(methylthio)thiophene, 3,4-dibromo-2,5-bis(methylthio)-, 2,5-dibromo-3,4-bis(methylthio)- and 2,3-dibromo-4,5-bis(methylthio)thiophene as well as 3-bromo-2,4,5-tris(methylthio)thiophene. The reaction of methylthio substituted thienyllithium derivatives with methyl chloroformate was used for the syntheses of methyl methylthio substituted thiophenecarboxylates and using 1/3 of an equivalent for the direct preparation of methylthio substituted 3-thienylcarbinols as tris[2,4,5-tris(methylthio)-3-thienyl]carbinol.     

Formation and Ring Contraction of Benzo[f][1,2]Thiazepine-1,1-Dioxides from and to Benzo[e][1,2]Thiazine-1,1-Dioxides

Alkoxide-promoted ring expansion of the novel ethyl 2-(6,7-dimethoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]thiazine-1,1-dioxide-2-yl)acetate 3a and analogous 4,4-diethyl derivative 3b and cyclization of methyl 2-[2-(phenylaminocarbonylmethyl sulfamoyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl] acetate 9 to the corresponding new 3-carboxylates and 3-carboxanilide of 7,8-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrobenzo[f][1,2]thiazepine-1,1-dioxide (5a,b and 10 respectively) is described. Compound 5a was deacylated upon treatment with sodium hydroxide followed by hydrochloric acid to give 7,8-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,2]thiazepine-1,1-dioxide-4 (5H)-one 8 and its N-ethyl derivative transferred to 6,7-dimethoxy-2-ethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydrobenzo[e][1,2]thiazine-1,1-dioxide 7 by the reaction with ethyl methyl ketone in the presence of pyrrolidine.     

Three-component reaction of methyl 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoate and methyl 2,4-dioxopentanoate with aromatic aldehydes and propane-1,2-diamine and chemical properties of the products

The reactions of methyl 2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoate and methyl 2,4-dioxopentanoate with a mixture of an aromatic aldehyde and propane-1,2-diamine, depending on the initial reactant ratio, gave 4-acyl-1-(2-aminopropyl)-5-aryl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ones and 1,1′-(propane-1,2-diyl)bis(4-acetyl-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-one). Reactions of substituted 1-(2-aminopropyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-ones with aromatic amines and hydrazines were studied, and the structure of one of the products, 5-(2-aminopropyl)-3,4-diphenylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-6-one, was proved by X-ray analysis.     

Facile and convenient synthesis of new thieno[2,3-b]-thiophene derivatives

A facile and convenient synthesis of bis(2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)-3-oxopropanenitrile), bis((3-amino-5-(methylthio)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanone) and bis(2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile) derivatives incorporating a thieno- [2,3-b]thiophene moiety via versatile, readily accessible diethyl 3,4-dimethylthieno-[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate is described.     

Syntheses and Optical Properties of Perfluorophenyl Containing Benzimidazole Derivatives: The Effect of Donor Units

Synthesis of two novel donor – acceptor – donor type monomers containing benzimidazole as the acceptor unit and thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the donor units were performed. 2-(Perfluorophenyl)-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole and 4,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-(perfluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole were synthesized successfully and polymerized electrochemically. The electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies of the polymers were studied. The effect of electron donating moieties on the optical properties of electrochemically polymerized polymers was investigated. Both polymers were p type dopable and possessed multi-chromic property. Optical studies demonstrated that the polymer based on EDOT unit (P2) resulted in lower band gap since EDOT is higher electron donating group than thiophene.     

Five-membered 2,3-dioxo heterocycles: LXXIV. Recyclization of 3-aroylpyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-1,2,4(5H)-triones by the action of benzohydrazides. Crystalline and molecular structure of N-[2,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)-2-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]benzamide

Recyclization of 3-aroyl-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-1,2,4(5H)-triones by the action of benzoic acid hydrazides gave N-[2,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-3-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)-2-aryl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]benzamides whose structure was proved by X-ray analysis.     

Reactions of some new thienothiophene derivatives

Facile and convenient syntheses of bisdimethylthieno[2,3-b]thiophen-2,5-diyl bis(oxazole-2-amine), bis(1H-imidazol-2-amine), bis((3a)-H-indole),[1,2-a]pyrimidine), bis(1H-imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazole) and bis(9H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazole) derivatives incorporating a thieno[2,3-b]thiophene moiety from the versatile and readily accessible 1,1'(3,4-dimethylthieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-diyl)-bis(2-bromo-ethanone) (1) are described.     

SYNTHESIS OF POLYFUSED THIENO(2,3-b)THIOPHENES PART 1: SYNTHESIS OF THIENOPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES

Abstract

3,4-Diamino-2,5-dicarbethoxythieno(2.3-b)thiophene 1 reacted with malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate to afford bis(thienopyrimidin-4-one) derivatives 2_a.b The reaction of compound 1 with o-aminothiophenol, o-aminophenol or o-phenylenediamine gave benzothiazolyl-, benzoxazolyl-, benzoimidazolylthienothiophene 3_a-c, Chloroacetylation of compound 1 and reacting the resulting compound 4 with malononitrile furnished thienopyrolopyrimidine 6. Fusion of compound 1 with formamide yielded bis(thienopyrimidine) 7 which reacted with POCI₃/PCl₅ to yield the corresponding chloro derivative 8 which was converted into the corresponding hydrazine derivative 9. Treatment of compound 1 with CS₂, NaOH and 1,2 dibromoethane produced the corresponding 1.3 dithiolane 11 which also treated with chloroacetyl chloride or ethyl mercaptoacetate to get the corresponding β-lactame 12 or thiazolidinone 13. On reacting compound 1 with CS₂, NaOH and (CH₃)₂S0₄ produced the corresponding bi(dithiocarbamate methyl ester) 14 which treated with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding bis(thienopyrimidine) derivative 15. This compound reacted with Lawesson's reagent (LR) to give the desired compounds 16 and 17. While its reaction with (CH₃)₂ SO₄ and NaOH furnished the corresponding methyl derivative 18. Fusion of compound 18 with aniline afforded compound 19. Compound 19 was allowed to react with ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, α-oxoketene dithioacetal, ethoxymethylene malononitrile or LR to get the described compounds 2O_a.b-24 respectively.     

Poly-Diels-Alder Addition with a Bisoxazole as Bisdiene and a Bismaleinimide as Bisdienophile

Abstract

The poly-Diels-Alder addition between the new bisdiene 1,4-bis(5-methoxy-2-oxazolyl)benzene (4) and N,N′-hexamethylene-bis[2-(2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-pyrrole-1-yl) acetamide] (7) is described. The structure of the resulting polyadduct 12 was proved by ¹H NMR spectroscopy with the aid of the low-molecular-weight model compounds 1,4-bis(1,3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1,3-dioxo-2-phenyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c] pyridine-4-yl)benzene (9) and N,N'-hexamethylene-bis[2-(1, 3-dihydro-7-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3-dioxo-4-phenyl-pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyridine-2-yl)acetamide] (11). The reaction proceeds via the aromatization of the primarily formed cycloadducts. Polyadduct 12 shows a number average degree of polymerization P_n of about 11 – 12 (M_n = 8500 ? 9200 g/mol), calculated from ¹H NMR endgroup signals.     

ALKATRIENYL SULFOXIDES AND SULFONES. PART IV. SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROPHILEINDUCED CYCLIZATION REACTIONS OF 3-METHYL-1-METHYLSULFONYLPENTA-1,2,4-TRIENE

A method for synthesis of 3-methyl-1-methylsulfonylpenta-1,2,4-triene (3) by [2,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of 3-methylpent-1-en-4-yn-3-yl methanesulfinate (2), formed in the reaction of 3-methylpent-1-en-4-yn-3-ol (1) with methylsulfinyl chloride has been found. Electrophile-induced reactions of the vinylallenyl sulfone (3) occur in different pathways depending on the used electrophiles. The halogenation leads to the formation of (1E)-2-halo-3-methylene-1-methylsulfonylpenta-1,4-dienes (4) and (5). Reactions with phenylsulfenyl and phenylselenenyl chlorides afford only heterocyclic products, 3-methyl-2-[methylsulfonylmethyl]thiophene (6) in the case of sulfenyl chloride, and a mixture of 2,5-dihydroselenophene (7) and selenophene (8) in the case of selenenyl chloride.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel styryl-substituted oligothienylenevinylenes

A number of 3-monosubstituted bis(thienylvinyl)thiophenes, suitable for the preparation of electronically-variable poly(thienylenevinylene)s have been synthesized for the first time. These materials have been characterized by both NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and a single crystal X-ray structure analysis of (E,E)-3-(5,5-dimethyl[1,3]dioxin-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-thien-2-ylvinyl)thiophene has shown that the planarity of the terthienylenevinylene chain is maintained on substitution at the 3 position of the central thiophene ring. UV/visible spectroscopy measurements are reported and cyclic voltammetric measurements show that, with the exception of (E,E,E)-2,5-bis(2-thien-2-ylvinyl)-3-(2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)vinyl)-thiophene, electroactive films are produced on electrochemical oxidation of the monomers.