蒸气压力和流速对低浓度酒精-水混合蒸气微细竖直管外凝结的影响

本文在不同蒸气压力和流速状态下对低浓度的酒精-水混合蒸气在微细竖直圆管外表面Marangoni凝结传热特性进行了可视化实验研究,观测到不同工况下的凝结形态。结果表明,随着过冷度的增加,凝结传热系数急剧升高,凝结传热系数在达到峰值后开始下降,下降曲率相对较缓;随着压力的增加,凝结传热系数在大的过冷度下增幅较大。蒸气流速的影响与压力的影响类似。可视化研究表明蒸气压力和流速大小对凝结速率影响较大。     

R134a在水平管外降膜蒸发的实验研究

实验研究了不同热流密度不同液膜流量下,R134a在垂直布置的七根水平强化管外的降膜蒸发传热特性。结果表明:相同热流密度下在液膜流量较小阶段,管外传热系数随着液膜流量增加而明显增加;随着液膜流量的进一步增大,管1~3的管外传热系数保持不变,管4~7的管外传热系数先增大后减小。同时发现,液膜流量为0.159 kg·m~(-1)·s~(-1)时,随着热流密度的增大所有管的传热性能先增大后减小,并且转折点出现在较小的热流密度下;液膜流量为0.29 kg·m~(-1)·s~(-1)时,管1性能一直增强,管2~4的传热系数随热流密度增大先增大后减小,管5~7的传热系数一直减小,并且管1~4转折点出现在较大热流密度下。     

蒸汽压力对Marangoni凝结换热特性的影响

本文研究了蒸汽压力对水-酒精混合蒸汽竖直平板表面凝结换热特性的影响．搭建了具有高气密性的Marangoni凝结换热实验台,分别针对不同压力(31．16 kPa,47．36 kPa,84．53 kPa)、不同表面过冷度(表面过冷度范围2-32℃)的纯水、水-酒精混合液(气相酒精质量百分比浓度为2．28％,5．1％,51％)和酒精进行了换热特性的实验研究,实验结果表明混合蒸汽在相同流速和浓度下凝结表面传热系数随压力的升高而升高,分析认为这是因为相平衡压力的提高会导致凝结液量增加和凝结液平均温度提高,而使凝结汽液界面的表面张力提高,进一步增强了Marangoni效应的影响,从而使凝结表面传热得到加强．     

蒸气流速对存在温度梯度的竖直壁面Marangoni凝结换热的影响研究

本文以水一酒精混合蒸气为工质,对蒸气流速对存在温度梯度的竖直壁面Marangoni凝结换热特性的影响进行了实验研究.结果表明:混合蒸气凝结换热系数随蒸气流速的增加而增加,但换热系数对流速的敏感性随酒精蒸气浓度不同而有所区别,在酒精蒸气浓度较低时,流速使换热系数的增加较为明显.对比流速对溶质Marangoni凝结换热特性的的影响,流速对温度梯度和浓度梯度共同驱动的Marangoni凝结换热影响要弱一些.     

流速对混合蒸汽Marangoni凝结换热影响的实验研究

本文在蒸汽压力为47.36 kPa的条件下,通过实验研究了不同蒸汽流速(u=2、4、5 m/s)下纯水和不同酒精浓度水-酒精混合蒸汽沿重力方向流过竖直紫铜平板表面上的凝结换热特性,并实现了实验的可视化,同时分析了不同蒸汽流速下造成Marangoni凝结换热特性差异的原因.实验及分析结果表明,在相同蒸汽浓度、蒸汽压力和表面过冷度条件下,高流速下的凝结换热系数比低流速的大.且蒸汽流速对凝结换热的影响因混合蒸汽酒精浓度的不同而不同,低浓度0.5%和高浓度50%时流速的增加对凝结换热特性的影响较小,而在中间浓度2%时凝结换热强度随流速的增加明显.     

立式螺旋管汽液两相流沸腾传热恶化实验研究

本文实验研究了低质量流速(500～800 kg·m~(-2)·s~(-1))下的立式螺旋管临界热负荷,对沸腾传热恶化壁温特性和螺旋管临界热负荷影响因素进行分析.并同前人工作汇总,以流量,压力和临界干度为参数,建立了基于局部条件假设的立式螺旋管临界热负荷查询表(Look-Up-Table),共272个点.压力范围6.5～21 MPa,质量流速范围500～1800 kg·m~(-2)·s~(-1).     

氨的添加引发水蒸气凝结换热强化的实验研究

研究了添加极少量氨时,氨-水混合蒸气在水平圆管上的凝结传热特性。结果表明:由于氨的添加引发的Marangoni效应,水蒸气的凝结换热在实验工况范围内基本上都得到了强化。随着表面过冷度的增加,凝结换热系数表现出有峰值点的非线性变化规律。当氨蒸气的浓度为0.38%时,混合蒸气的最大凝结换热系数可达纯水蒸气的1.9倍,从液膜热阻和扩散热阻的角度分析了强化换热的机理。     

沸腾-凝结面间距对沸腾凝结共存相变传热规律的影响

给出了在低热流密度下沸腾-凝结面间距(相变腔高度)对沸腾凝结共存相变传热规律影响的实验研究结果。沸腾工质为去离子水,相变腔由水平朝上且具有薄膜延展面的紫铜沸腾面、抛光且朝下的冷凝面以及玻璃管侧壁面组成。高度为48 mm的相变腔对应充液高度分别为10 mm、14 mm、18 mm、22 mm、26 mm、30 mm和34 mm;高度为18 mm的相变腔对应充液高度分别为6 mm、8 mm、10 mm和12 mm。实验观察和测试结果表明,在所给定的有限空间范围内沸腾和凝结之间存在明显的相互作用,沸腾和凝结之间的这种相互作用及程度是引起传热变化的主要原因。随着液面高度的增加,沸腾和凝结表面传热系数均先增加后减小,同时,在本文研究所涉及的范围内,均存在一个使沸腾和凝结表面传热系数最大的充液高度,这说明沸腾-凝结面距离对沸腾凝结共存相变传热规律的影响具有一定的普遍性。     

混合蒸气在圆管外凝结特性的实验研究

在搭建圆管混合蒸气凝结换热实验台的基础上,在圆管外进行了一系列不同气相浓度酒精和水混合蒸气的Marangoni凝结实验。在实验过程中进行了可视化研究并拍摄了大量的凝结图片,研究了酒精蒸气浓度对传热系数的影响及冷却水流量对壁面温度的影响.实验结果表明,传热系数随酒精浓度的提高而降低,酒精浓度为1%时传热系数达到最高值,换热系数比相同工况下纯水蒸气提高近30%.最后,对传热系数随浓度的变化做了定性分析。     

烧结型涂层管内R410A流动沸腾换热实验研究

文实验研究了制冷剂R410A在长1.3 m,内径4 mm的不锈钢光管和不锈钢烧结多孔涂层管内的流动沸腾换热与压降特性。实验饱和温度为10℃,进出口干度变化范围从0.1至0.9,质量流速变化范围为270～620 kg·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。实验结果表明:在进出口干度固定在0.1和0.9的工况下,烧结涂层管的流动沸腾换热系数随着质量流速的增加而降低,但是光管的1.2至1.5倍;分别固定质量流速为350和450 kg·m~(-2)·s~(-1),进出口干度差值维持在0.2时,烧结涂层管和光管的换热系数均随着干度增加先增加后急剧下降。在此工况下,烧结涂层管的流动沸腾综合强化效果是光管的2.11至3.58倍,并在高干度区域达到最大值。     

不同压力下竖直管外Marangoni凝结换热特性研究

本文在不同压力状态下对水与酒精混合蒸汽在竖直管外Marangoni凝结换热特性进行了可视化实验研究,观测到不同过冷度下的凝结状态.实验结果表明,在相同流速和浓度条件下,酒精浓度较低时凝结换热系数随蒸汽压力的升高而升高.但在高酒精浓度下,凝结液表面张力梯度减小,扩散热阻的影响增大,蒸汽压力对于凝结换热系数的影响并不明显.     

Modeling of vapor condensation in a longitudinally finned minichannel

Heat transfer with vapor condensation inside a longitudinally finned tube is numerically studied. The proposed model considers vapor condensation on two initial flow areas, namely, annular and rivulet. The model allows prediction of pressure difference along the tube length, vapor velocity profiles in the central channel and an interfin groove, and also a velocity profile in the condensate rivulet at the bottom of the interfin channel, local heat transfer coefficients at different fin points, and average heat transfer coefficients over tube section and length. The calculations showed that in the case of vapor condensation in longitudinally finned tubes of a small diameter it is of fundamental importance to divide the flow tube section into a central channel and interfin channels. The governing vapor velocities in these channels may differ by more than an order of magnitude. The reduced vapor velocity, used in engineering calculations, does not reflect the character of dynamic vapor impact on a condensate film on the most part of the heat transfer surface. For tubes with relatively large fins the proposed model describes vapor condensation almost completely,meanwhile, the mass vapor quality by the time of filling of the grooves reaches 0.01–0.05. The highest heat transfer intensification was obtained for “sharp fins” with a high value of the fin head curvature. Comparison of results of calculation by the model with results of the known experiments on water vapor condensation yields a good qualitative and quantitative agreement for low vapor velocities at the channel inlet (under 30 m/s). The wall thermal conductivity coefficient value affects significantly the condensation efficiency.     

Effect of Coolant Temperature on the Condensation Heat Transfer in Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Applications

This article directly investigates the effect of a cooling medium's coolant temperature on the condensation of the refrigerant R-134a. The study presents an experimental investigation into condensation heat transfer, vapor quality, and pressure drop of R-134a flowing through a commercial annular helicoidal pipe under the severe climatic conditions of a Kuwait summer. The quality of the refrigerant is calculated using the temperature and pressure obtained from the experiment. Measurements were performed for refrigerant mass fluxes ranging from 50 to 650 kg/m²s, with a cooling water flow Reynolds number range of 950 to 15,000 at a fixed gas saturation temperature of 42°C and cooling wall temperatures of 5°C, 10°C, and 20°C. The data shows that with an increase of refrigerant mass flux, the overall condensation heat transfer coefficients of R-134a increased, and the pressure drops also increased. However, with the increase of mass flux of cooling water, the refrigerant-side heat transfer coefficients decreased. Using low mass flux in a helicoidal tube improves the heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, selecting low wall temperature for the cooling medium gives a higher refrigerant-side heat transfer coefficient.     

非共沸混合工质水平管内凝结换热折算因子的实验关联

1前言前文山提出了计算环状流和波状分层流型下非共沸混合工质在水平管内凝结的换热系数的折算方法。租界面温度Ti的取值对计算结果影响很大。现在常用的方法是根据液膜和气相区传热传质的经验公式确定问，不仅计算工作量大，且无公认的计算方式。这给工程计算带来许多不便。本文取Ti二（Tv十几w，即气相温度Tv和壁面温度见的算术平均值，以计算相界面上的平衡参数，并将前文中的折算因子计算式改为如下形式：对环状流将由于相界面温度的取法所引起的误差归于用实验数据确定的经验系数A、B与经验指数p、q。式中Ja为雅各布数，无量纲温度0…     

水平三维肋管管外凝结换热实验与分析(I实验研究)

本文对不同饱和蒸汽温度下R11在水平Thermoexcel-C管的管外凝结换热性能进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:随着饱和蒸汽温度的提高,C管的凝结换热系数下降。C管凝结换热强化的主要机理在于孤立三维齿结构增大了表面张力减薄凝结表面液膜厚度的作用,而C管凝液淹没区小于相同肋间距的低肋管,且在淹没区内的凝结换热大于低肋管。     

毛细芯热管蒸汽流动特性研究

热管内蒸发和凝结时工质会径向迁移,导致蒸汽流动特性与管流有很大不同。对热管内蒸汽流动的速度分布和压降特性进行了分析,比较了现有热管蒸汽压降的计算方法。同时考虑蒸汽流动时黏性力和惯性力的作用,提出了计算蒸汽流动速度和压降的改进方法,消除了前人方法应用范围的限制。利用此计算方法,蒸汽速度分布随径向雷诺数变化较大。与钠热管的数值模拟结果对比表明,此计算方法应用范围广,准确度较高。     

Flow condensing heat transfer of R410A,R22, and R32 inside a micro-fin tube

An experimental study of condensation heat transfer characteristics of flow inside horizontal micro-fin tubes is carried out using R410A, R22, and R32 as the test fluids. This study especially focuses on the influence of heat transfer area upon the condensation heat transfer coefficients. The test sections were made of double tubes using the counter-flow type; the refrigerants condensation inside the test tube enabled heat to exchange with cooling water that flows from the annular side. The saturation temperature and pressure of the refrigerants were measured at the inlet and outlet of the test sections to defined state of refrigerants, and the surface temperatures of the tube were measured. A differential pressure transducer directly measured the pressure drops in the test section. The heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were calculated using the experimental data. The condensation heat transfer coefficient was measured at the saturation temperature of 48°C with mass fluxes of 50–380 kg/(m²s) and heat fluxes of 3–12 kW/m². The values of experimental heat transfer coefficient results are compared with the predicted values from the existing correlations in the literature, and a new condensation heat transfer coefficient correlation is proposed.