内螺纹强化管传热和阻力特性

本文提供了7个内径为15.54mm的内螺纹粗糙管单相流动的传热和阻力数据,为当前商用粗糙管常用尺寸提供了一系列新的内部强化数据.螺纹管结构参数为螺纹数(18～45),螺旋角(25°～45°)、螺纹高(0.33mm至0.55 mm).测试管由于螺纹处流动分离及表面积的显著增加而得到强化.测试数据范围为5.08≤Pr≤6.29.利用两种关联式来预测不同几何变量和雷诺数下St和摩擦系数.多重回归传热关联式的平均差分别为2.9%和3.8%.传热和摩擦关联式基于粗糙表面热量-动量传输比拟,标准差为分别是1.4%和5.4%.关联式能够合理地预测商用螺纹粗糙管的传热和摩擦.     

螺纹管内污垢热阻的对比实验研究

本文对一冷却塔中的7根螺纹管进行了长时间污垢实验研究.螺纹管几何参数范围:螺纹数18～45,螺纹角25°～45°,螺纹高0.33～0.55 mm.污垢是颗粒污垢和析晶污垢的混合物.本文基于普朗特类比,引入修正因子β(β=(A_w/A_(wp))/(A_c/A_(cp)),A_w为润湿面积,A_c为截面积,下标p表示光管),对半经验污垢预测模型进行修正,证明了螺纹管内参数对污垢热阻的形成影响很大,并建立了不同结构参数的螺纹管的统一结垢模型,对工程实际有一定指导意义.     

含不凝气体时煤油在水平管束外的冷凝

采用实验的方法,研究了在较宽的不凝气体含量范围内,煤油蒸汽在不同几何结构的螺旋扁管管束外的冷凝换热现象,得出了螺旋扁管的几何结构对冷凝换热的影响规律,并与同样条件下的光管管束的冷凝换热进行了分析比较。     

超临界锅炉内螺纹管传热特性的研究

本文在全周加热和单侧加热的条件下,对600 MW超临界变压运行直流锅炉水冷壁φ28×6 mm内螺纹管进行了传热与阻力特性的试验研究。试验参数为压力13-27 MPa,质量流速400-1800 kg/m2·s,内壁热负荷200-800kW/m2。试验得出了在不同参数条件下的壁温分布、发生传热恶化的临界条件、单相及两相对流放热系数、干涸后放热系数及内螺纹管的摩擦压降,提出了计算关联式,比较了单侧加热与全周加热的区别,为超临界锅炉设计提供了重要依据。     

无箔二极管结构设计研究

用数值计算方法研究了无箔二极管中几何结构参量对束流的影响，得出了无箔二极管结构参数选择的部分规律，同时又结合实际给出了一个无箱二级管模型的最佳组合参数．     

旋液式冰浆浓缩器的阻力特性研究

本文针对前期优化得到的适合于冰浆浓缩的旋液分离器阻力特性进行研究。首先通过实验得到空气柱存在时不同旋流器结构下阻力特性数随雷诺数的变化曲线,结果表明溢流管直径减小或溢流管插入深度增大都将使得阻力特性数增大。并对某一旋流器结构下空气柱存在与不存在时的阻力特性曲线进行比较,结果表明空气柱的存在也将增大旋流器的阻力特性数。最后通过数值模拟,得到旋液式冰浆浓缩器内部压力场分布规律。     

内螺纹管近临界压力区两相流沸腾传热特性的研究

一、试验装置与方法 锅炉水冷壁管采用内螺纹管结构是锅炉中防止传热恶化的主要措施之一。目前国内外有关内螺纹管在近临界压力区汽水两相流沸腾传热特性方面的研究资料还甚少。为了加速我国300MW直流锅炉的完善化,并考虑炉膛水冷壁将在近临界压力条件下工作,因此作者在西安交通大学高压汽水两相流试验装置上对这一课题进行了试验研究工作。试验用内螺纹管为我国300MW直流锅炉实际采用的φ22×5.5mm四头碳钢内螺纹管。用充水法确定其平均内径为11.69mm,螺纹高度为0.58mm,     

亚临界压力区垂直上升管内传热特性实验研究

本文开展了亚临界压力下垂直上升内螺纹管中水的传热特性的实验研究,并与对应条件下光管内水的传热特性进行了对比、分析.结果发现:内螺纹管和光管中两相饱和流动沸腾换热随热流密度的增加或压力的升高而增大,基本不随质量流速的变化而变化;相同工况下内螺纹管的饱和沸腾换热系数大约为光管的1.1～1.2倍。内螺纹管和光管的过冷沸腾起始干度都随质量流速的减小或者压力的升高或者热流密度的增大而增大;在相同工况下本文实验内螺纹管中的过冷沸腾起始干度比光管中的要小至少0.2。光管中主要发生偏离核态沸腾(DNB),临界干度随热流密度的减小或质量流速的增加或压力的降低而增大;内螺纹管中主要发生烧干,运行参数对临界干度的影响不大。     

电极圆锥内螺纹的无损检测

将CT技术和图像处理技术相结合,提出了电极圆锥内螺纹的无损检测方法。目前普通螺纹常用的测量方法大多为接触测量,有关文献介绍了非接触检测方法,但它们仅限于圆柱内螺纹,圆锥内螺纹的图像处理及非接触测量未见报道。从CT技术入手,探讨了电极圆锥内螺纹的图像检测方法,即在一个系统中实现对工件内部缺陷的检测及几何参数的测量。通过使用图像预处理、阈值选取及二值化、边缘检测及提取等方法,提取了螺纹轴截面齿形轮廓,并对不同处理方法进行了比较。使用自编程序测量计算了内螺纹的螺距、牙型角和锥角,测量精度分别达到了0 03mm,0 24°和0 02°。分析了误差产生的原因。理论分析及实验结果表明该方法正确可行。     

半周加热内螺纹管内超临界传热的数值模拟

半周受热内螺纹管内流体温度、壁面温度和换热系数存在周向不均匀性,本文建立了流固耦合的传热模型,通过数值模拟在不同q/G (热流密度与质量流速之比)下对比分析了半周和全周加热内螺纹管内超临界水的传热过程。研究发现半周加热内螺纹管强化了超临界流体传热,降低了内壁温度。管内流体的贴壁周向运动加强了冷热侧流体间的热量交换,同时近壁面流体与管中心流体间的传热强度也有所提高。管子几何参数对半周受热内螺纹管换热的影响比全周加热时更显著。     

R410A在管内冷凝换热及压降的实验研究

近年来,制冷行业开始改用新型环保制冷剂,要求新型强化传热管有更良好的性能并适应环保制冷剂的工况.通过自行设计的一台集管内蒸发和冷凝为一体的实验台,以R410A作为制冷剂,分别对5mm、7mm以及9.52mm三种内螺纹管进行实验研究.发现:(1)螺纹齿径和齿顶角对冷凝换热系数有重大影响;(2)齿径比以及齿高对内螺纹管的压...     

R410A在水平内螺纹管中沸腾换热实验研究

对于非共沸混合制冷剂R410A在外径9.52mm、5mm的两种不同的几何参数的内螺纹的流动沸腾换热进行了实验研究,分析讨论了制冷剂质量流速、管外水流量变化、强化管的参数、强化管的压降对换热系数影响以及其机理。试验的结果表明:换热系数随着流量的增大而增大,管径的大小对换热系数的影响较大,在相同的流量下,9.52mm的换热系数比5mm的大到110%~230%,5mm管的压降比9.52mm的大200%~300%。     

三维内肋管内插入螺旋扭带的强化传热实验

本文分别以水和乙二醇为工质，在Ｒｅ数范围为：６００～４００００，Ｐｒ数范围为：５．５～１１０之间，对四根分别插入三种不同扭率螺旋扭带的三维内助管内的换热和流阻特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：三维内肋管内加装扭带的强化传热技术适用于低Ｒｅ数下高Ｐｒ数工质的管内对流换热强化。根据实验值得到了流阻和换热关联式。     

在电阻丝上测量薄透镜的焦距

本文提供了一种用电学原理在一根电阻丝上测量薄透镜焦距的实验方法。该方法利用均匀电阻丝的电阻与其长度成正比的关系,把长度量转换成电阻量进行测量,并通过标定,可以在一块数字电压表上直接显示待测薄透镜的焦距值。如果薄透镜的焦距已知,利用该方法也可以确定薄透镜所成清晰像的位置。实验结果的相对不确定度小于3%。     

两种内翅片管对流换热与阻力特性的实验研究

本文通过实验方法研究了当内翅片管几何尺寸及形状基本相同时,在内翅片上增加凸起对其换热和阻力的影响,并拟合出了所测参数范围内换热和阻力的实验关联式,结果表明在翅片管上增加凸起确实有强化换热的作用,同时阻力增加明显。通过对实验管综合性能的比较,发现增加凸起的换热管更适用于压缩机中冷器。     

An analytical and experimental study of the vibration response of a clamped ribbed plate

An analytical solution is presented in this paper for the vibration response of a ribbed plate clamped on all its boundary edges by employing a traveling wave solution. A clamped ribbed plate test rig is also assembled in this study for the experimental investigation of the ribbed plate response and to provide verification results to the analytical solution. The dynamic characteristics and mode shapes of the ribbed plate are measured and compared to those obtained from the analytical solution and from finite element analysis (FEA). General good agreements are found between the results. Discrepancies between the computational and experimental results at low and high frequencies are also discussed. Explanations are offered in the study to disclose the mechanism causing the discrepancies. The dependency of the dynamic response of the ribbed plate on the distance between the excitation force and the rib is also investigated experimentally. It confirms the findings disclosed in a previous analytical study [T.R. Lin, J. Pan, A closed form solution for the dynamic response of finite ribbed plates, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119 (2006) 917–925] that the vibration response of a clamped ribbed plate due to a point force excitation is controlled by the plate stiffness when the source is more than a quarter plate bending wavelength away from the rib and from the plate boundary. The response is largely affected by the rib stiffness when the source location is less than a quarter bending wavelength away from the rib.     

Heat transfer and flow characteristics of turbulent slot jet impingement on plane and ribbed surfaces

A computational study is carried out to assess the suitability of various RANS based turbulence models for slot jet impingement on flat and ribbed surfaces with various values of Reynolds number and jet to plate spacing. The com-puted results are compared with the reported experimental data. It was observed that none of the turbulence models considered predicted the heat transfer data accurately. However, some models predicted the experimental data with good trends, e.g., secondary peak and several spikes in Nusselt number for ribbed surface, with a precise computation of the stagnation point Nusselt number. Further, the effects of slot width, rib pitch and jet to ribbed surface spacing were investigated for jet impingement on a ribbed surface. It was observed that the local Nusselt number increased with slot width and rib to plate spacing. It was also observed that increasing Reynolds number had a positive effect on the local heat transfer. With increasing rib pitch the local Nusselt number increased near the stagnation zone but de-creased downstream. The observed flow pattern was different for jet impingement on a ribbed surface than that on a flat surface.     

交叉缩放椭圆管换热与流阻实验研究及分析

对交叉缩放椭圆管进行了实验和数值研究,给出了换热和沿程阻力系数实验拟合关联式。交叉缩放椭圆管管内 截面交叉变化诱导产生强烈的二次流和纵向涡流,改善了速度场与温度场之间的协同关系。实验和数值模拟结果表明,交 叉缩放椭圆管管内的流动在Re≥500即表现为湍流,换热强化效果显著。     

Performance of cryogenic probes as a function of ionic strength and sample tube geometry

The pursuit for more sensitive NMR probes culminated with development of the cryogenic cooled NMR probe. A key factor for the sensitivity is the overall resistance of RF circuitry and sample. Lowering the coil temperature to approximately 25 K and the use of superconducting coil material has greatly reduced the resistance contribution of the hardware. However, the resistance of a salty sample remains the same and evolves as the major factor determining the signal-to-noise ratio. Several approaches have been proposed to reduce the resistance contribution of the sample. These range from encapsulating proteins in a water cavity formed by reverse micelles in low viscosity fluids to the optimal selection of low mobility, low conductivity buffer ions. Here we demonstrate that changing the sample diameter has a pronounced effect on the sample resistance and this results in dramatic improvements of the signal-to-noise ratio and shorter pi/2 pulses. We determined these parameters for common 5 mm NMR tubes under different experimental conditions and compared them to the 2, 3 and 4 mm tubes, in addition, 5mm Shigemi tubes were included since these are widely used. We demonstrate benefits and applicability of studying NMR samples with up to 4M salt concentrations in cryogenic probes. Under high salt conditions, best results in terms of short pi/2 pulses and high signal-to-noise ratios are obtained using 2 or 3mm NMR tubes, especially when limited sample is available. The 4 mm tube is preferred when sample amounts are abundant at intermediate salt conditions.