微细板翅与烧结多孔结构中对流换热实验研究

本文对水和空气流过4个微细板翅结构和1个烧结多孔结构中的对流换热进行了实验研究,并对其流动与对流换热性能进行了分析和比较。结果表明:在本文实验参数范围内,与空槽道相比,这4种微细板翅结构分别使水的对流换热系数增加10—24倍,分别使空气的对流换热增强了16~40倍;与相同孔隙率的烧结多孔结构相比,微细板翅结构中的流动阻力相近,而对流换热系数却增大。存在最优的微细板翅结构,其换热性能大大强于烧结多孔结构,而流动阻力更小。     

微细板翅结构强化对流换热实验研究

本文对水和空气流过紫铜微细板翅结构构中的对流换热进行行实验研究,并与相近孔隙率的烧结多孔介质中的对流换热进行比较。结果表明:在本文实验参数范周内,与空槽道相比,该微细板翅结构使水的对流换热增强9倍以上,使空气的对流换热增强了15-30倍;与相近孔隙率的锡青铜烧结多孔结构相比,该微细板翅结构中的流动阻力大大减小,而对流换热能力却增强。     

局部热壁面多孔介质方腔内自然对流的数值研究

本文对上下壁面绝热、左侧壁面长度为b的嵌装加热器部分维持恒定温度T_h而剩余部分绝热,且右侧壁面维持恒定温度T_c的多孔介质方腔内的自然对流换热进行了数值研究.在热壁面无量纲长度B=0.5(B=b/L)的条件下,综合研究了左侧壁面受热部分中心距上壁面的无量纲长度D(D=d/L)、Da数、Ra数和孔隙率对腔体内自然对流换热的影响.数值计算结果表明,左侧壁面受热部分位置的不同对腔体内自然对流换热有很大的影响,D在0.6附近取值时,Na数最大.Da数、Ra数对腔体的自然对流换热影响较大,而孔隙率对换热的影响较小.     

充满金属泡沫的方腔自然对流数值模拟

本文使用格子-Boltzmann方法模拟了充满金属泡沫的封闭方腔自然对流.通过构建适用于上下边界绝热,左右边界恒定温度的封闭方腔自然对流的双分布函数热模型,模拟了充满不同孔隙率和不同孔密度的金属泡沫,在不同Ra数下的封闭方腔自然对流,结果表明金属泡沫具有强化传热的作用,并随着Ra数和孔密度的增大,换热增强.     

复杂多孔介质腔体内自然对流换热的数值研究

采用曲线坐标系下压力与速度耦合的SIMPLEC算法,数值研究复杂多孔介质腔体内的自然对流换热问题.腔体的曲面温度分别保持恒定,上下表面绝热.在曲线坐标系中用有限容积法离散方程,并采用Brinkman扩展达西模型及局部非热平衡模型求解,综合研究Rayleigh数,Darcy数、孔隙率等参数对腔体内自然对流换热的影响.计算结果表明:Rayleigh数和Darcy数的影响最大而孔隙率的影响很小,同时存在使得腔体内换热达到最强的最佳纵横比.     

泡沫金属与板翅结构强化换热研究

本文对空气流过镍、铜材料泡沫金属结构和2种板翅结构的对流换热进行了实验研究.结果表明:在本文实验参数范围内,与空槽道相比,两种板翅结构分别使空气的对流换热系数增加了3～5倍和7～9倍;相同的实验条件下镍、铜材料的泡沫金属结构分别使空气的对流换热系数增加了9～11倍和10～12倍;与相近孔隙率的板翅结构相比,泡沫金属结构的流动阻力更大些.本文还对泡沫金属与板翅结构内的对流换热进行了数值模拟,得到较好的模拟结果.     

热管型散热器换热性能的实验研究及数值模拟

本文对一种可用于LED组灯源的热管型散热器在大空间自然对流条件下的换热性能进行了实验研究和数值模拟,主要研究了散热器倾斜角度对其换热性能的影响.研究结果表明:散热器的倾斜角度对散热器的换热性能有较大影响,散热器换热性能随倾斜角度的增加先恶化再变好,在倾斜角度为30°左右时其换热性能最差;在相同倾斜角度下,辐射换热量随加热功率的增大呈近似线性增大,但辐射换热量占总换热量的比例较小,在7%以下.     

流体在微多孔介质内对流换热实验研究

本文对空气流过烧结微多孔介质内部对流换热进行了实验研究,分析了不同颗粒直径下对流换热努谢尔特数随流量的变化.结果表明:当颗粒直径为200～40μm时,实验得到的对流换热努谢尔特数与已有研究结果符合很好;当颗粒直径为20μm和10 μm时,实验结果略小于已有研究结果,说明空气在微多孔介质中的对流换热需要考虑微尺度效应的影响.同时,根据实验结果给出了微多孔介质内对流换热努谢尔特数与雷诺数的经验关联式,并提出了考虑努森数的修正关联式.     

倾斜封闭立方腔内多块孤立平板自然对流换热的实验研究

本文研究了平板的相互位置、腔体倾角及Rα数对倾斜封闭立方腔内多块孤立平板自然对流换热的影响．实验查明：在一定Rα数下存在着一个使每块板换热强度相当的间距；平均换热特性对位置很不敏感；平板的换热强度比相同Rα数下的大空间自然对流更弱，且随倾角增加，Nu数随Rα数增加的增长幅度逐渐减慢．     

金属泡沫内纳米流体强化传热研究

金属泡沫集优良的力学、声学、电磁学和传热学性能于一体,易于集成换热器和散热器。本文基于局部非热平衡模型对纳米流体在金属泡沫内的双强化换热效果进行了数值研究,分析了泡沫形态参数和纳米颗粒浓度对其流动和换热的影响。研究了以水作为基本介质的纳米流体在金属泡沫内流动时的二次项效应、热弥散效应以及局部非热平衡效应,比较了不同模型对强化换热效果的影响。结果表明,换热随孔隙率减小或孔密度增加而逐渐增强,纳米颗粒使流体压降和换热性能都增加;对于含纳米颗粒的水,在金属泡沫内对流换热的惯性效应和热弥散效应在流速较大时更明显;局部非热平衡特性在固体导热系数较大时比较明显。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.