Fokker-Planck equation with fractional coordinate derivatives

Using the generalized Kolmogorov-Feller equation with long-range interaction, we obtain kinetic equations with fractional derivatives with respect to coordinates. The method of successive approximations, with averaging with respect to a fast variable, is used. The main assumption is that the correlation function of probability densities of particles to make a step has a power-law dependence. As a result, we obtain a Fokker-Planck equation with fractional coordinate derivative of order 1<α<2.     

Quantum Maps with Memory from Generalized Lindblad Equation

In this paper, we proposed the exactly solvable model of non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems. This model describes open quantum systems with memory and periodic sequence of kicks by environment. To describe these systems, the Lindblad equation for quantum observable is generalized by taking into account power-law fading memory. Dynamics of open quantum systems with power-law memory are considered. The proposed generalized Lindblad equations describe non-Markovian quantum dynamics. The quantum dynamics with power-law memory are described by using integrations and differentiation of non-integer orders, as well as fractional calculus. An example of a quantum oscillator with linear friction and power-law memory is considered. In this paper, discrete-time quantum maps with memory, which are derived from generalized Lindblad equations without any approximations, are suggested. These maps exactly correspond to the generalized Lindblad equations, which are fractional differential equations with the Caputo derivatives of non-integer orders and periodic sequence of kicks that are represented by the Dirac delta-functions. The solution of these equations for coordinates and momenta are derived. The solutions of the generalized Lindblad equations for coordinate and momentum operators are obtained for open quantum systems with memory and kicks. Using these solutions, linear and nonlinear quantum discrete-time maps are derived.     

Fractional power-law spatial dispersion in electrodynamics

Electric fields in non-local media with power-law spatial dispersion are discussed. Equations involving a fractional Laplacian in the Riesz form that describe the electric fields in such non-local media are studied. The generalizations of Coulomb’s law and Debye’s screening for power-law non-local media are characterized. We consider simple models with anomalous behavior of plasma-like media with power-law spatial dispersions. The suggested fractional differential models for these plasma-like media are discussed to describe non-local properties of power-law type.     

The fractional oscillator as an open system

A dynamical system governed by equations with derivatives of non-integer order, such as the fractional oscillator, can be considered as an open (non-isolated) system with memory. Fractional equations of motion are obtained from the interaction between the system and the environment with power-law spectral density.     

Lattice model with power-law spatial dispersion for fractional elasticity

A lattice model with a spatial dispersion corresponding to a power-law type is suggested. This model serves as a microscopic model for elastic continuum with power-law non-locality. We prove that the continuous limit maps of the equations for the lattice with the power-law spatial dispersion into the continuum equations with fractional generalizations of the Laplacian operators. The suggested continuum equations, which are obtained from the lattice model, are fractional generalizations of the integral and gradient elasticity models. These equations of fractional elasticity are solved for two special static cases: fractional integral elasticity and fractional gradient elasticity.     

Coupled fractional nonlinear differential equations and exact Jacobian elliptic solutions for exciton–phonon dynamics

An improved quantum model for exciton–phonon dynamics in an α-helix is investigated taking into account the interspine coupling and the influence of power-law long-range exciton–exciton interactions. Having constructed the model Hamiltonian, we derive the lattice equations and employ the Fourier transforms to go in continuum space showing that the long-range interactions (LRI) lead to a nonlocal integral term in the equations of motion. Indeed, the non-locality originating from the LRI results in the dynamic equations with space derivatives of fractional order. New theoretical frameworks are derived, such that: fractional generalization of coupled Zakharov equations, coupled nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equations, coupled fractional Ginzburg–Landau equations, coupled Hilbert–Zakharov equations, coupled nonlinear Hilbert–Ginzburg–Landau equations, coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations and coupled nonlinear Hilbert–Schrödinger equations. Through the F-expansion method, we derive a set of exact Jacobian solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. These solutions include Jacobian periodic solutions as well as bright and dark soliton which are important in the process of energy transport in the molecule. We also discuss of the impact of LRI on the energy transport in the molecule.     

Relationships between power-law long-range interactions and fractional mechanics

We investigate the relationships between models of power-law long-range interactions and mechanics based on fractional derivatives. We present the fractional Lagrangian density which gives the Euler–Lagrange equation that serves as the equation of motion for fractional-power-law long-range interactions. We derive this equation by the fractional variational method. In addition, we derive a Noether-like current from the fractional Lagrangian density.     

A physically based connection between fractional calculus and fractal geometry

We show a relation between fractional calculus and fractals, based only on physical and geometrical considerations. The link has been found in the physical origins of the power-laws, ruling the evolution of many natural phenomena, whose long memory and hereditary properties are mathematically modelled by differential operators of non integer order. Dealing with the relevant example of a viscous fluid seeping through a fractal shaped porous medium, we show that, once a physical phenomenon or process takes place on an underlying fractal geometry, then a power-law naturally comes up in ruling its evolution, whose order is related to the anomalous dimension of such geometry, as well as to the model used to describe the physics involved. By linearizing the non linear dependence of the response of the system at hand to a proper forcing action then, exploiting the Boltzmann superposition principle, a fractional differential equation is found, describing the dynamics of the system itself. The order of such equation is again related to the anomalous dimension of the underlying geometry.     

Modified Kudryashov method via new exact solutions for some conformable fractional differential equations arising in mathematical biology

In this study, the modified Kudryashov method is used to construct new exact solutions for some conformable fractional differential equations. By implementing the conformable fractional derivative and compatible fractional complex transforms, the fractional generalized reaction duffing (RD) model equation, the fractional biological population model and the fractional diffusion reaction (DR) equation with quadratic and cubic nonlinearity are discussed. As an outcome, some new exact solutions are formally established. All solutions have been verified back into its corresponding equation with the aid of maple package program. We assure that the employed method is simple and robust for the estimation of the new exact solutions, and practically capable for reducing the size of computational work for solving a various class of fractional differential equations arising in applied mathematics, mathematical physics and biology.     

The fractional discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We examine a fractional version of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (dnls) equation, where the usual discrete laplacian is replaced by a fractional discrete laplacian. This leads to the replacement of the usual nearest-neighbor interaction to a long-range intersite coupling that decreases asymptotically as a power-law. For the linear case, we compute both, the spectrum of plane waves and the mean square displacement of an initially localized excitation in closed form, in terms of regularized hypergeometric functions, as a function of the fractional exponent. In the nonlinear case, we compute numerically the low-lying nonlinear modes of the system and their stability, as a function of the fractional exponent of the discrete laplacian. The selftrapping transition threshold of an initially localized excitation shifts to lower values as the exponent is decreased and, for a fixed exponent and zero nonlinearity, the trapped fraction remains greater than zero.     

On the solution of the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation

We present the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation of fractional order. The fractional derivatives are described in the Caputo sense. The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) in applied mathematics can be used as alternative methods for obtaining analytic and approximate solutions for different types of fractional differential equations. In these schemes, the solution constructed in power series with easily computable components.     

Quantum dissipation from power-law memory

A new quantum dissipation model based on memory mechanism is suggested. Dynamics of open and closed quantum systems with power-law memory is considered. The processes with power-law memory are described by using integration and differentiation of non-integer orders, by methods of fractional calculus. An example of quantum oscillator with linear friction and power-law memory is considered.     

The time fractional heat conduction equation in the general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate and the cylindrical coordinate systems

In this paper a time fractional Fourier law is obtained from fractional calculus. According to the fractional Fourier law, a fractional heat conduction equation with a time fractional derivative in the general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system is built. The fractional heat conduction equations in other orthogonal coordinate systems are readily obtainable as special cases. In addition, we obtain the solution of the fractional heat conduction equation in the cylindrical coordinate system in terms of the generalized H-function using integral transformation methods. The fractional heat conduction equation in the case 0<α≤1 interpolates the standard heat conduction equation (α=1) and the Localized heat conduction equation (α→0). Finally, numerical results are presented graphically for various values of order of fractional derivative.     

Effects of double stratification and heat flux damping on convective flows over a vertical cylinder

Unsteady free convection flows of viscous fluids over a vertical circular cylinder are investigated by taking in consideration thermal and mass stratification and the thermal memory effects. The mathematical model of thermal transport is based on the fractional generalized Fourier's law for thermal flux with the kernel of power-law kind. In this model the histories of the temperature gradient influence the thermal and mass transport process and the fluid motion. On the cylinder's surface the temperature (or the thermal flux) and solute concentration are constant. Solutions in the transformed domain for the perturbation temperature and concentration and fluid velocity are determined using the Laplace transform coupled with the classical method for the ordinary non-homogeneous differential equations. The inverse Laplace transforms are obtained numerically by employing the Stehfest's algorithm. Solutions for the case corresponding to classical Fourier's law are obtained as particular case of general solutions by taking the memory parameter equal to zero. The influence of the thermal memory and of thermal and mass stratifications is numerically and graphically analyzed by using the software Mathcad 15.     

Analysis of a time fractional wave-like equation with the homotopy analysis method

The time fractional wave-like differential equation with a variable coefficient is studied analytically. By using a simple transformation, the governing equation is reduced to two fractional ordinary differential equations. Then the homotopy analysis method is employed to derive the solutions of these equations. The accurate series solutions are obtained. Especially, when ?f=?g=−1, these solutions are exactly the same as those results given by the Adomian decomposition method. The present work shows the validity and great potential of the homotopy analysis method for solving nonlinear fractional differential equations. The basic idea described in this Letter is expected to be further employed to solve other similar nonlinear problems in fractional calculus.     

Log-periodic corrections to the Cole–Cole expression in dielectric relaxation

A model of the self-similar process of relaxation is given, and a method of derivation of the kinetic equations for the total polarization based on the ideas of fractional kinetics is suggested. The derived kinetic equations contain integro-differential operators having non-integer order. They lead to the Cole–Cole expression for the complex dielectric permittivity. It is shown rigorously that the power-law exponent α$\alpha$ in the Cole–Cole expression coincides with the dimension of the mixed space-temporal fractal ensemble. If the discrete scale invariance for the temporal-space structure of the dielectric medium considered becomes important, then the expression for the complex dielectric permittivity contains log-periodic corrections (oscillations) and, hence, it generalizes the conventional Cole–Cole expression. The corrections obtained in this model suggest another way of interpretation and analysis of dielectric spectra for different complex materials.     

分数阶双头分子马达的欠扩散输运现象

研究具有幂律记忆性的细胞液中双头分子马达的定向输运现象,选取幂函数作为广义Langevin方程的阻尼核函数,建立了分数阶过阻尼耦合Brown马达模型,讨论了阶数及耦合系数对双头分子马达定向输运速度的影响. 仿真结果表明,分数阶过阻尼双头分子马达也会产生定向输运现象,并且在某些阶数下会产生整数阶情形所不具有的反向定向流. 当噪声强度固定时,输运速度随着阶数以及耦合系数的变化均会出现广义随机共振现象. 特别地,研究发现双头分子马达在记忆闪烁棘轮势中具有某些单头分子马达所不具备的运动特性,定向流的大小和方向由噪声与双头间作用力相互耦合控制. 关键词： 分数阶双头分子马达 欠扩散 定向输运 广义随机共振     

Fractional variational iteration method and its application

Fractional differential equations have been investigated by variational iteration method. However, the previous works avoid the term of fractional derivative and handle them as a restricted variation. We propose herein a fractional variational iteration method with modified Riemann Liouville derivative which is more efficient to solve the fractional differential equations.     

An O(N logN) alternating-direction finite difference method for two-dimensional fractional diffusion equations

Fractional diffusion equations model phenomena exhibiting anomalous diffusion that cannot be modeled accurately by the second-order diffusion equations. Because of the nonlocal property of fractional differential operators, the numerical methods for fractional diffusion equations often generate dense or even full coefficient matrices. Consequently, the numerical solution of these methods often require computational work of O(N³) per time step and memory of O(N²) for where N is the number of grid points.     

Fractional Stochastic Differential Equations Satisfying Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem

We propose in this work a fractional stochastic differential equation (FSDE) model consistent with the over-damped limit of the generalized Langevin equation model. As a result of the ‘fluctuation-dissipation theorem’, the differential equations driven by fractional Brownian noise to model memory effects should be paired with Caputo derivatives, and this FSDE model should be understood in an integral form. We establish the existence of strong solutions for such equations and discuss the ergodicity and convergence to Gibbs measure. In the linear forcing regime, we show rigorously the algebraic convergence to Gibbs measure when the ‘fluctuation-dissipation theorem’ is satisfied, and this verifies that satisfying ‘fluctuation-dissipation theorem’ indeed leads to the correct physical behavior. We further discuss possible approaches to analyze the ergodicity and convergence to Gibbs measure in the nonlinear forcing regime, while leave the rigorous analysis for future works. The FSDE model proposed is suitable for systems in contact with heat bath with power-law kernel and subdiffusion behaviors.