非晶硒对X射线光电转换特性的研究

非晶硒X射线光电导具有很高的固有空间分辨率,有可能研制探测X射线成象的平板化数字器件,在探测X射线成象方面倍受注目.它对X射线的光电转换特性和灵敏度是重要的性能参数之一.我们制作了约400μm厚的非晶硒膜,在1～12.5V/μm场强范围,0.2～12mR/s照射率范围测量了X射线光电流值.实验结果显示,非晶硒具有线性的光电转换特性,其灵敏度随场强的增加而增加.计算表明,对于医疗诊断常用的轫致辐射X射线谱,用X射线在非晶硒中产生一电子-空穴对所需的能量W±约50eV(10V/μm场强)     

透射光栅对软X射线衍射效率的研究

在北京同步辐射源上，对无底衬透射光栅在844eV X射线能量点的绝对衍射效率进行了实验标定，利用光栅模型，得到了光栅所有结构参数，并由此得到了透射光栅对100—2000eV能区软X射线的各级绝对衍射效率理论计算曲线. 关键词：     

中俄Z-pinch联合实验新进展

在Angara-5-1装置Z-pinch实验中,研究了双层丝阵内爆动力学模式和动态黑腔,获得高产额X射线辐射能量和功率,X射线辐射功率达5.6 TW,泡沫X射线辐射温度达63 eV,本文给出主要实验设计方法和结果. 关键词： Z箍缩 双层丝阵 X射线辐射 动态黑腔     

软X射线光导纤维传输特性

 为优化设计软X射线聚束透镜，使之与软X射线源配合能最大限度地获得高强度软X射线束，在北京同步辐射装置软X光站3W1B束线上，对不同能量软X射线（50～1 500 eV）在不同规格毛细管光导纤维中的传输特性进行研究。研究结果表明：玻璃毛细管对软X光有较高的传输效率，毛细管内径越小，曲率越小，光子能量越小，则传输效率越大；使用含硼（B）量高的DM308型号玻璃材料拉制成内直径为0.45 mm﹑外直径为0.6 mm的毛细管组成的软X光聚束透镜有较高的传输效率，该规格毛细管可以将能量为250 eV的X射线传播方向改变26°后，其出射能量是入射能量的12%；使用由该规格毛细管设计的软X射线聚束透镜同软X射线点光源组合，收光角可以达到30°，透镜焦点处的功率密度是不使用透镜时的104倍。     

丝阵靶箍缩等离子体软X射线辐射能谱研究

 在S—300装置上研究了丝阵靶Z箍缩等离子体的软X射线辐射的动态过程。利用多通道X射线谱仪在50～2 000 eV范围内测量了丝阵靶内爆等离子体X射线辐射谱,辐射主要位于60~220 eV谱段。辐射谱可用温度为40~50 eV的Planck黑体谱近似描述。在能量高于500 eV的谱段,辐射谱与Planck黑体谱有较大的偏离。这主要是因为等离子体热斑的出现、在1.5~2 keV范围内线谱的存在和加速电子轫致辐射的结果。     

FeS2多晶薄膜电子结构的实验研究

用磁控溅射方法制各纯Fe薄膜，并硫化合成FeS₂. 采用同步辐射X射线近边吸收谱与X射线光电子能谱研究了薄膜的电子结构. 结果表明，合成的FeS₂薄膜，在费米能级附近，有较强的Fe 3d态密度存在，同时，在价带谱中2—10eV处有强度较大的S 3p态密度存在；Fe的3d轨道在八面体配位场作用下分别为t_2g和e_g轨道，实验中由Fe的吸收谱计算得到两分裂能级之差为2.1eV;实验测得FeS₂价带结构中导带宽度约为2.4eV，导带上方仍存在第二能隙，其宽度约为2.8eV. 关键词： 磁控溅射 二硫化铁 X射线吸收近边结构 电子结构     

FeS2多晶薄膜电子结构的实验研究

用磁控溅射方法制各纯Fe薄膜,并硫化合成FeS2.采用同步辐射X射线近边吸收谱与X射线光电子能谱研究了薄膜的电子结构.结果表明,合成的FeS2薄膜,在费米能级附近,有较强的Fe 3d态密度存在,同时,在价带谱中2-10eV处有强度较大的S 3p态密度存在;Fe的3d轨道在八面体配位场作用下分别为t2g和eg轨道,实验中由Fe的吸收谱计算得到两分裂能级之差为2.1eV;实验测得FeS2价带结构中导带宽度约为2.4eV,导带上方仍存在第二能隙,其宽度约为2.8eV.     

用于激光等离子体诊断的亚千X射线能谱仪

本文简介了由滤片-X射线二极管阵列组成的具有亚纳秒时间分辨的亚千X射线能谱仪。在0．1到1．5keV能区能量分辨约为200eV。着重介绍了谱仪的结构和应用，数据处理及误差。并就激光-金平面靶相互作用实验中，在激光强度约10^14w／cm^2条件下获得的部份数据进行了简化处理，给出了激光等离子体亚千X射线辐射能谱，由此推出等离子体辐射温度。     

软X光能谱仪探测元件响应曲线标定

报道了软X光能谱仪探测元件的能量响应曲线标定工作.实验利用北京同步辐射装置–3W1B束线及反射率计靶室,在束流40—80mA、贮存环电子能量2.2GeV专用光运行模式下,在150—1500eV能区的四个能段,做了铝阴极X射线二极管、滤光片及掠入射平面反射镜能量响应标定实验.通过实验数据比对及分析,最终给出X射线二极管在不同能量段最大可能的测量误差范围.     

大气压管板结构纳秒脉冲放电中时域X射线研究

纳秒脉冲放电能在大气压下产生高电子能量、高功率密度的低温等离子体,由于经典放电理论无法很好地解释纳秒脉冲放电中的现象,近年来以高能逃逸电子为基础的纳秒脉冲气体放电理论受到广泛关注.纳秒脉冲放电会产生高能逃逸电子,伴随产生X射线,研究X射线的特性可以间接反映高能逃逸电子的特性.本文利用纳秒脉冲电源在大气压下激励空气放电,通过金刚石光导探测器测量放电产生的X射线,研究不同电极间隙、阳极厚度下和空间不同位置测量的X射线特性.实验结果表明,在大气压下纳秒脉冲放电能产生上升沿约1 ns,脉宽约2 ns的X射线脉冲,其产生时间与纳秒脉冲电压峰值对应,经计算探测到的X射线能量约为2.3×10-3J.当增大电极间隙时,探测到的X射线能量减弱,因为增大电极间隙会减小电场强度和逃逸电子数,从而减少阳极的轫致辐射.电极间距大于50 mm后加速减弱,同时放电模式从弥散过渡到电晕.随着阳极厚度增加,阳极后方和放电腔侧面观察窗测得的X射线能量均有所减弱,在阳极后面探测的X射线能量减弱趋势更加明显,这说明X射线主要产生在阳极内表面,因此增加阳极厚度会使穿透阳极薄膜的X射线能量减少.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.