汽车客运经营质量的定量分析

多年来汽车客运企业管理是以经验管理为主，量化管理不足。本根据汽车客运经营的性质和特点，画出了客运管理的内部管理闭环系统和外部管理闭环系统方框图。并对客运经营质量给予定量分析。这将为提高汽车客运经营质量和促进管理现代化提供方法和借鉴。     

基于一种灰色综合关联模型的区域客运结构优化研究

为实现客运结构总体区域优化,运用灰色系统理论中的灰色综合关联分析模型,以珠三角地区客运结构为研究对象进行实证研究,建立了各种客运方式的旅客周转量与相关经济社会主要指标间的灰色综合关联矩阵,对客运结构系统特征及相关影响因素作优势分析.研究结论表明:城市化程度对客运结构影响最大;其次是人均可支配收入,再次是人均生产总值;人口总数对客运结构影响小,但对客运总量影响大.珠三角地区在中短途客运方面,应大力发展城市轨道交通(城际铁路和地下铁道);在长途客运方面,应大力发展高速铁路和民航.     

基于旅客选择的高速铁路客运收益管理研究

本文旨在探讨收益管理在高速铁路客运中的应用,给出了存在多级票价时,考虑旅客选择行为的铁路客运收益管理模型,优化结果能够同时给出发车指令和座位出售限制.利用模拟数据对模型进行了数值试验,表明在不同路段长度下,考虑旅客选择行为的总收益较需求独立模型均有所提高,且随着票价等级增多而增长.     

各种运输方式客运质量的综合评价研究

在建立各种运输方式客运质量综合评价指标体系的基础上,提出了用于各种运输方式客运质量综合评价的方法——"专家法—信息熵—灰色关联投影法"相结合的组合评价模型,该模型将专家法、信息熵理论和灰色关联决策法有机结合起来.最后根据实际数据对各种运输方式的客运质量加以综合评价并排序比较,验证该方法的合理性和有效可行性.     

基于区间灰数DGM(1,1)模型的客运交通量预测

科学的预测客运交通量对于我国交通运输业发展具有重要的现实意义.为了提高客运量预测的精度,本文应用区间灰数DGM(1,1)模型对1995—2002年全国客运交通量进行模拟和预测,得到了预测精度较高的结果,这为客运交通量的预测提供了一种简单而可靠的新途径.     

公路客运监管的进化博弈分析

运用进化博弈理论研究公路客运监管问题,建立了公路客运监管问题的博弈模型,分析了公路客运车主和公路客运管理者之间的行为选择,得到了博弈方的复制动态方程,研究了博弈模型的进化稳定策略。探讨了影响进化稳定策略的因素。研究结果表明公路客运车主和公路客运管理者在有限理性基础上得到的进化稳定策略与博弈双方的收益、系统所处的初始状态有关,并根据所提出的博弈模型,提出了合理性建议。     

基于粗糙集的铁路客运服务质量改善程度评价模型研究

通过对铁路客运服务质量的改善情况的研究,提出了基于粗糙集和马尔可夫过程的铁路客运服务质量改善程度评价模型.该模型利用马尔可夫过程得到各个指标的改善状况;引入粗糙集确定的指标权重得到服务质量总体改善情况.通过对调查问卷的数据进行分析,验证了以上模型的科学性和可行性.     

客运问题的进化博弈分析

构建了客运车主群体之间以及客运车主群体与客运管理部门之间的博弈模型及其复制动态方程,并对复制动态方程做了分析与讨论,得出了博弈模型中各博弈方的进化稳定策略,并根据所提出的博弈模型,提出了合理性建议.     

基于灰色马尔科夫模型的陕西省铁路客运量预测

随着我国高铁客运的快速发展,从铁路客运历史趋势中探寻规律、把握铁路客运发展趋势,旨在对中国铁路公司及相关企业的决策提供科学依据.基于2005-2016年陕西省铁路客运量数据,在灰色GM(1,1)模型预测的基础上,运用马尔科夫过程对预测值进行修正,并对2017-2022年陕西省铁路客运量进行预测.结果表明:经过马尔科夫过程修正的灰色预测模型平均绝对误差由原来的4.64%降低到2.94%,预测效果明显.经检验,灰色马尔科夫模型的精度等级为一级,说明了方法对陕西省铁路客运量预测的有效性.     

汽车车体振动系统的对称性与守恒量研究

用Lie群方法研究汽车车体振动系统的对称性,寻找其存在的守恒量.以汽车车体做上下垂直振动和绕其质心的前后俯仰振动,采用Lagrange函数的方法,构建汽车车体振动系统.以此系统为对象,引入Lie群方法,给出该振动系统的Noether对称性理论与Lie对称性理论;由此推导该汽车系统存在的Noether对称性与Lie对称性,并得到系统相应的的守恒量.该方法对车体振动问题提出了新的对称性解法,同时扩大了Lie群方法的应用范围.     

A fuzzy clustering approach to real-time demand-responsive bus dispatching control

Quick response (QR) to passenger needs is a key objective for advanced public transportation systems (APTS), and it has become increasingly important for contemporary metropolitan bus operations to gain a competitive advantage over private transportation. This paper presents a real-time control methodology for demand-responsive bus operations that respond quickly to passenger needs. The proposed method primarily involves two levels of functionality: (1) short-term forecasting of passenger demands using time-series prediction models, and (2) identification of service strategies coupled with the associated bus service segments using fuzzy clustering technologies in response to variances in passenger demand attributes and traffic conditions. The proposed bus operations method identifies the demand-responsive vehicle service strategies primarily according to the predicted up-to-date attributes of passengers’ demands, rather than deterministic passenger arrival rates, which were generally used in previous literature. In addition, the variation of traffic conditions along bus lines is considered in the proposed method. Results from numerical studies using real data of passengers’ demands, including passenger volume at each bus stop and the passenger origin-destination (O-D) patterns, are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for real-world applications.     

高峰期内的公交服务可靠度研究

在分析高峰期内道路交通现状和高峰客流特点的基础上,从可靠度理论的角度,对乘客在车内的拥挤成本、由于等车产生的时间延误惩罚成本等进行了分析,建立了高峰期内公共交通系统服务可靠度的模型,是评价公交服务能力的一种有效方法.     

A model for setting services on auxiliary bus lines under congestion

In this paper, a mathematical programming model and a heuristically derived solution is described to assist with the efficient planning of services for a set of auxiliary bus lines (a bus-bridging system) during disruptions of metro and rapid transit lines. The model can be considered static and takes into account the average flows of passengers over a given period of time (i.e., the peak morning traffic hour). Auxiliary bus services must accommodate very high demand levels, and the model presented is able to take into account the operation of a bus-bridging system under congested conditions. A general analysis of the congestion in public transportation lines is presented, and the results are applied to the design of a bus-bridging system. A nonlinear integer mathematical programming model and a suitable approximation of this model are then formulated. This approximated model can be solved by a heuristic procedure that has been shown to be computationally viable. The output of the model is as follows: (a) the number of bus units to assign to each of the candidate lines of the bus-bridging system; (b) the routes to be followed by users passengers of each of the origin–destination pairs; (c) the operational conditions of the components of the bus-bridging system, including the passenger load of each of the line segments, the degree of saturation of the bus stops relative to their bus input flows, the bus service times at bus stops and the passenger waiting times at bus stops. The model is able to take into account bounds with regard to the maximum number of passengers waiting at bus stops and the space available at bus stops for the queueing of bus units. This paper demonstrates the applicability of the model with two realistic test cases: a railway corridor in Madrid and a metro line in Barcelona.     

Hybrid large neighborhood search for the bus rapid transit route design problem

Due to an increasing demand for public transportation and intra-urban mobility, an efficient organization of public transportation has gained significant importance in the last decades. In this paper we present a model formulation for the bus rapid transit route design problem, given a fixed number of routes to be offered. The problem can be tackled using a decomposition strategy, where route design and the determination of frequencies and passenger flows will be dealt with separately. We propose a hybrid metaheuristic based on a combination of Large Neighborhood Search (LNS) and Linear Programming (LP). The algorithm as such is iterative. Decision upon the design of routes will be handled using LNS. The resulting passenger flows and frequencies will be determined by solving a LP. The solution obtained may then be used to guide the exploration of new route designs in the following iterations within LNS. Several problem specific operators are suggested and have been tested. The proposed algorithm compares extremely favorable and is able to obtain high quality solutions within short computational times.     

公交车优化调度中的几个问题的研究

本文将 2 0 0 1 CMCM B题公交车调度的最优化问题分成两个相对独立的问题来讨论 ,由所要运送的乘客数来决定公交公司的最小车辆数 ,由乘客到达来决定发车时刻表 .我们求出了最小车辆数和一个可行的最优时刻表 .     

Estimating bus passenger waiting times from incomplete bus arrivals data

This paper considers the problem of estimating bus passenger waiting times at bus stops using incomplete bus arrivals data. This is of importance to bus operators and regulators as passenger waiting time is a key performance measure. Average waiting times are usually estimated from bus headways, that is, time gaps between buses. It is both time-consuming and expensive to measure bus arrival times manually so methods using automatic vehicle location systems are attractive; however, these systems do not usually provide 100% data coverage and missing data are problematical. The paper contributes to the general theory of estimating headway variance using incomplete data. Various methods for replacing missing buses or discarding spurious bus headways are compared and tested on different data sets.     

一类公交车调度问题的数学模型及其解法

本讨论了城市公交车调度问题中的上车乘客流分布和下车概率矩阵的处理方法，建立了基于模拟公共汽车运行的公交车调度问题的数学模型，给出了解法，并对模型的应用进行了讨论。     

Delay resistant line planning with a view towards passenger transfers

The line planning step, as part of the public transportation planning process, is an elementary problem. When generating public transportation systems in a conventional fashion, the line planning problem is one of the first to solve. Hence, subsequent problems rely on the solution of the line planning problem. Line planning has been studied from various perspectives and is understood very well. Still, the effect of this planning step on to the next ones has only received minor attention. In this paper, we study the effect of transfers on the delay resistance and propose a line planning model which provides a good basis for a delay resistant transportation system. To this end, the concept of preferable paths from the direct travelers line planning model is further extended. The model includes the routing of passengers in order to minimize passenger transfers. A column generation approach is shown to properly solve the proposed model. As such, this is the first line planning model which detailedly routes the passengers and is still tractable on realistically sized instances. Finally, it is shown that minimizing the passenger transfers at the line planning stage contributes to an increasing delay resistance in the public transportation system.