CTS试件中复合型疲劳裂纹扩展

针对复合型循环载荷作用下的金属构件中的裂纹扩展问题进行了实验分析和理论建模. 首先 采用紧凑拉剪试件(CTS)和 Richard研制的复合型载荷加载装置，对承受复合型循环载荷的裂纹进行了实验研究. 实验选择了两种金属材料试件，分别承受3种形式的复合型循环载荷的作用，在裂纹尖端具 有相同的初始应力场强度的条件下考察复合型循环载荷对裂纹扩展规律的影响. 实验结果表明，疲劳裂纹的扩展速率与加载角度有关. 对于同样金属材料的试件，当裂尖处 初始应力场强度相等时，载荷越接近于II型，裂纹增长速率越快. 采用等效应力强度 因子(I型和II型应力强度因子的组合)、裂纹扩展速率及复合强度等参数，以实验数据为 基础，建立了一个疲劳裂纹扩展模型，用来预测裂纹在不同模式疲劳载荷作用下的扩展速率. 为验证其有效性，该模型被应用于钢制试件的数值模拟计算中. 实验结果与模拟计算曲线保 持一致，表明该模型可以用来估算带裂纹金属构件的寿命.     

自然单元法在线弹性断裂力学中的应用研究

采用Laplace插值构造近似场函数,代入弹性力学边值问题的变分弱形式,由变分原理推导出自然单元法的离散控制方程。运用线弹性断裂力学理论,分析了有限板单边Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子和有限板拉剪复合裂纹的扩展,给出了分析线弹性断裂力学问题的自然单元法。数值计算结果表明了方法的正确性和有效性。     

Application of scaled boundary finite element method in static and dynamic fracture problems

The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is a recently developed numerical method combining advantages of both finite element methods (FEM) and boundary element methods (BEM) and with its own special features as well. One of the most prominent advantages is its capability of calculating stress intensity factors (SIFs) directly from the stress solutions whose singularities at crack tips are analytically represented. This advantage is taken in this study to model static and dynamic fracture problems. For static problems, a remeshing algorithm as simple as used in the BEM is developed while retaining the generality and flexibility of the FEM. Fully-automatic modelling of the mixed-mode crack propagation is then realised by combining the remeshing algorithm with a propagation criterion. For dynamic fracture problems, a newly developed series-increasing solution to the SBFEM governing equations in the frequency domain is applied to calculate dynamic SIFs. Three plane problems are modelled. The numerical results show that the SBFEM can accurately predict static and dynamic SIFs, cracking paths and load-displacement curves, using only a fraction of degrees of freedom generally needed by the traditional finite element methods.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50579081) and the Australian Research Council (DP0452681)The English text was polished by Keren Wang.     

FATIGUE GROWTH MODELING OF MIXED-MODE CRACK IN PLANE ELASTIC MEDIA

This paper presents an extension of a displacement discontinuity method with cracktip elements （a boundary element method） proposed by the author for fatigue crack growth analysis in plane elastic media under mixed-mode conditions. The boundary element method consists of the non-singular displacement discontinuity elements presented by Crouch and Starfield and the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements due to the author. In the boundary element implementation the left or right crack-tip element is placed locally at the corresponding left or right crack tip on top of the non-singular displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. Crack growth is simulated with an incremental crack extension analysis based on the maximum circumferential stress criterion. In the numerical simulation, for each increment of crack extension, remeshing of existing boundaries is not required because of an intrinsic feature of the numerical approach. Crack growth is modeled by adding new boundary elements on the incremental crack extension to the previous crack boundaries. At the same time, the element characteristics of some related elements are adjusted according to the manner in which the boundary element method is implemented. As an example, the fatigue growth process of cracks emanating from a circular hole in a plane elastic plate is simulated using the numerical simulation approach.     

模拟裂纹扩展的单位分解扩展无网格法

单位分解扩展无网格法(PUEM)是一种求解不连续问题的新型无网格方法.其基于单位分解思想,通过在传统无网格法的近似函数中加入扩展项来反映由裂纹所产生的不连续位移场.详细描述了水平集方法,PUEM不连续近似函数的构造及控制方程的离散.针对裂纹扩展问题,提出了一种十分简单的水平集更新算法;讨论了不同的节点数、高斯积分阶次以及围线积分区域对应力强度因子计算结果的影响,并给出了合理的参数;模拟了边裂纹和中心裂纹的扩展问题,并与XFEM的数值结果进行了比较.数值算例表明,本文方法具有较高的计算精度,是模拟裂纹扩展非常有效的方法,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Three-dimensional mixed-mode stress intensity factors for cracks in functionally graded materials using enriched finite elements

Three-dimensional enriched finite elements are used to compute mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) for three-dimensional cracks in elastic functionally graded materials (FGMs) that are subject to general mixed-mode loading and constraint conditions. The method, which advantageously does not require special mesh configuration/modifications and post-processing of finite element results, is an enhancement of previous developments applied so far on isotropic homogeneous and isotropic interface cracks. The spatial variation of FGM material properties is taken into account at the level of element integration points. To validate the developed method, two- and three-dimensional mixed-mode fracture problems are selected from the literature for comparison. Two-dimensional cases include: inclined central crack in a large FGM medium under uniform tensile strain and stress loadings, a slanted crack in a finite-size FGM plate under exponentially varying tensile stress loading and an edge crack in a finite-size plate under shear traction load. The three-dimensional example models a deflected surface crack in a finite-size FGM plate under uniform tensile stress loading. Comparisons between current results and those from analytical and other numerical methods yield good agreement. Thus, it is concluded that the developed three-dimensional enriched finite elements are capable of accurately computing mixed-mode fracture parameters for cracks in FGMs.     

A boundary element modeling of fatigue crack growth in a plane elastic plate

This paper presents an extension of a boundary element method to fatigue growth analysis of mixed-mode cracked plane elastic bodies. The method consists of the non-singular displacement discontinuity element presented by Crouch and Starfield and the crack-tip displacement discontinuity element due to the author. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip element is placed locally at the corresponding left or right crack tip on top of non-singular displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. Crack growth is simulated with an incremental crack extension analysis based on the modified maximum strain energy density criterion. In numerical simulation, for each increment of crack extension, remeshing of existing boundaries is not required because of an intrinsic feature of the boundary element method. Crack growth is simulated by adding new boundary elements on the incremental crack extension to the previous crack boundaries. At the same time, the element characters of some related elements are adjusted according to the manner in which the boundary element method is implemented. Some numerical results of fatigue growth in a plane elastic plate with a center-inclined crack under uniaxial cyclic loading are given.     

CTS试样I/II混合型断裂特性数值计算研究

采用CTS试样研究I/II混合型断裂特性计算裂纹前缘应力强度因子时可采用解析公式,一旦裂纹发生扩展,解析公式便不再适用。文中采用有限元法研究紧凑拉伸剪切（CTS）试样在I/II平面混合型加载下的裂纹扩展行为。采用ANSYS建立CTS试样I/II混合型测试系统有限元模型,为模拟真实受力状态,在CTS试样-销-扇型夹具以及扇型夹具-销-U型夹具之间分别建立接触对进行接触力学分析。通过与解析公式结果进行对比验证了该数值方法的可靠性。采用最大环向应力准则（MTS）,模拟了CTS试样不同加载角度下的裂纹扩展路径,获得了裂纹扩展路径中应力强度因子随裂纹长度的变化曲线,解释了裂纹扩展路径不与外载荷方向垂直的原因。结合文中计算结果,在CTS试样I/II混合型裂纹扩展速率实验测得裂纹长度与寿命的关系曲线a-N的基础上,便可得到材料I/II型混合型裂纹扩展速率曲线。     

动载作用下复合型裂纹扩展的近场动力学模拟

构建改进的非局部近场动力学模型和粒子系统动力加载算法,开展复合型裂纹动力扩展过程模拟。在常规近场动力学微极模型中引入能反映非局部长程力尺寸效应的核函数修正项,以提高计算精度和收敛稳定性。通过模拟动载作用下含复合型裂纹混凝土三点弯梁的裂纹扩展与破坏过程并与试验结果对比,验证了本文模型和算法的可靠性。在此基础上,通过分组模拟分析了动载作用下,初始裂纹的位置、长度和方向对含复合型裂纹三点弯梁破坏模式、起裂时间与承载能力的影响规律。     

Determination of mixed-mode stress intensity factors, fracture toughness, and crack turning angle for anisotropic foam material

A numerical and experimental investigation for determining mixed-mode stress intensity factors, fracture toughness, and crack turning angle for BX-265 foam insulation material, used by NASA to insulate the external tank (ET) for the space shuttle, is presented. BX-265 foam is a type of spray-on foam insulation (SOFI), similar to the material used to insulate attics in residential construction. This cellular material is a good insulator and is very lightweight. Breakup of segments of this foam insulation on the shuttle ET impacting the shuttle thermal protection tiles during liftoff is believed to have caused the space shuttle Columbia failure during re-entry. NASA engineers are interested in understanding the processes that govern the breakup/fracture of this material from the shuttle ET. The foam is anisotropic in nature and the required stress and fracture mechanics analysis must include the effects of the direction dependence on material properties. Material testing at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has indicated that the foam can be modeled as a transversely isotropic material. As a first step toward understanding the fracture mechanics of this material, we present a general theoretical and numerical framework for computing stress intensity factors (SIFs), under mixed-mode loading conditions, taking into account the material anisotropy. We present SIFs for middle tension – M(T) – test specimens, using 3D finite element stress analysis (ANSYS) and FRANC3D fracture analysis software. SIF values are presented for a range of foam material orientations. Mode I fracture toughness of the material is determined based on the SIF value at failure load. We also present crack turning angles for anisotropic foam material under mixed-mode loading. The results represent a quantitative basis for evaluating the strength and fracture properties of anisotropic foam insulation material.     

半无限板边缘裂纹的权函数解法与评价

权函数法是求解裂纹体在任意受载条件下的应力强度因子和裂纹面位移等断裂力学参量的高效、高精度方法,与有限元等数值方法相比,在求解效率和可靠性方面均具有明显优势.针对半无限板边缘裂纹,系统分析了在国际断裂力学界较有代表性的Wu-Carlsson、Glinka-Shen和Fett-Munz三种解析形式的权函数法,进而以在远端均匀加载下的半无限板边缘裂纹面位移Wigglesworth解析解导得的权函数及其对应的格林函数解(即裂纹面受一对单位集中力作用下的应力强度因子)为基准,沿整个裂纹长度对3种权函数的精度逐点进行比较,并与文献中基于其他方法求得的权函数做了广泛对比,包括Bueckner,Hartranft-Sih以及Wigglesworth利用不同解析方法推导出的高精度的权函数.研究了3种参考载荷(均布/正反向线性分布应力、集中力)及其不同组合,以及裂纹嘴位移的几何条件对权函数精度的影响.结果表明,基于一种参考载荷下的裂纹面张开位移比基于两种参考载荷下的应力强度因子所得到的权函数具有更高的精度,而且后一种方法的精度明显受到所选参考载荷组合的影响;裂纹面位移在裂纹嘴处三阶导数等于零的条件对基于一个参考解的权函数精度的改进效果较小.最后给出了利用各种权函数方法计算得到的4种载荷条件下的应力强度因子,并对结果进行了比较.     

同震断层三维裂纹扩展波动时域超奇异积分法

应用波动时域超奇异积分法将P波、S波和磁电热弹多场耦合作用下同震断层任意形状三维裂纹扩展问题转化为求解以广义位移间断率为未知函数的超奇异积分方程组问题;定义了广义应力强度因子,得到裂纹前沿广义奇异应力增量解析表达式;应用波动时域有限部积分概念及体积力法,为超奇异积分方程组建立了数值求解方法,编制了FORTRAN程序,以三维矩形裂纹扩展问题为例,通过典型算例,研究了广义应力强度因子随裂纹位置变化规律;分析了同震断层裂纹扩展中力、磁、电场辐射规律.      

直接计算应力强度因子的扩展有限元法

系统地给出了直接计算应力强度因子的扩展有限元法。该方法以常规有限元法为基础,利用单位分解法思想,通过在近似位移表达式中增加能够反映裂纹面的不连续函数及反映裂尖局部特性的裂尖渐进位移场函数,间接体现裂纹面的存在,从而无需使裂纹面与有限元网格一致,无需在裂尖布置高密度网格,也不需要后处理就可以直接计算出应力强度因子,并且大大简化了前后处理工作。最后通过两个简单算例验证了该方法的精度,分析了影响计算结果的因素,并与采用J积分计算的应力强度因子作了对比,得出了两种方法计算精度相当的结论。     

Crack propagation in the power-law nonlinear viscoelastic material

I.IntroductionCrazingdamageisacommonphenon1enonoffractureofpolymericmaterials.Theformationofcrazezoneisamid-stateinthefractureprocessofthematerialsfromperfectstatetofaiIurc.Microscopically,inthisregionthereexistssomefibrilslinkingthetwocracksurfacesandres…     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

General solutions of plane problem for power function curved cracks

A new exact and universal conformal mapping is proposed. Using Muskhelishvili's complex potential method, the plane elasticity problem of power function curved cracks is investigated with an arbitrary power of a natural number, and the general solutions of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) for mode I and mode II at the crack tip are obtained under the remotely uniform tensile loads. The present results can be reduced to the well-known solutions when the power of the function takes different natural numbers. Numerical examples are conducted to reveal the effects of the coefficient, the power, and the projected length along the x-axis of the power function curved crack on the SIFs for mode I and mode II.     

The dynamic behaviour of sharp V-notches under impact loading

The dynamic behaviour of sharp V-notches which are either symmetric or oblique to the longitudinal boundary of a homogeneous elastic and isotropic strip subjected to an impact plane pulse was studied by the method of caustics. The stress pulse impinging on the flanks of the notch reflects and diffracts in different ways depending on the geometry of the notch relative to the coming pulse. For compressive stress pulses a stress concentration at the bottom of the notch does not create a crack propagation phenomenon, whereas for tensile pulses there is a possibility for an incubation, nucleation and eventual propagation of a crack. A complete experimental study of the incubation nucleation and propagation of cracks from the bottoms of notches in thin strips under tensile stress pulses was undertaken, whereas for compressive stress pulses the stress concentration at the bottom of the notch was evaluated. Interesting results were disclosed concerning the reinforcement of pulses by reflection and caging in, the evolution of stress concentration at the notch and the mode of crack propagation inside the plate. Dynamic stress intensity factors were evaluated all over the paths of crack propagation indicating a close intimacy between crack velocity and values of SIFs.     

虚拟裂纹闭合法在结构断裂分析中的应用

基于三维虚拟裂纹技术(3DVCCT),利用ABAQUS用户单元子程序(UEL)编写裂纹界面单元,使3DVCCT集成于ABAQUS软件中,直接计算出裂纹的断裂参数.采用此方法对连杆杆身表面裂纹进行研究,得到了连杆裂纹的应力强度因子的分布规律.