完美涡旋光拓扑荷的原位测定

为了实现对完美涡旋光拓扑荷的快速测定,提出了一种同轴干涉测定方法,其基本思路是利用一个空间光调制器同时调制产生完美涡旋光与球面波,调制球面波的发散角使两者发生干涉,利用干涉条纹数来实现拓扑荷数的直接快速测定.理论模拟和实验测定结果表明,利用该方法得到的干涉条纹可以测定完美涡旋光的拓扑荷,包括大小与符号.进一步,利用该方法测量了完美涡旋光阵列与球面波的干涉图样,实现了对每个完美涡旋光的拓扑荷的快速测定.该原位测定方法简单、有效,对于利用完美涡旋光实现轨道角动量控制和信息编码等应用具有参考意义.     

轨道角动量指向可控的紧聚焦时空波包(特邀)EI北大核心CSCD

利用Debye积分,研究了三个相互正交的轨道角动量(包括两个正交的横向轨道角动量以及一个纵向轨道角动量)光场在紧聚焦条件下的复杂耦合现象,并演示了焦场中相位奇点在三维时空间中的演化。此外,还研究了具有不同拓扑荷数的纵向轨道角动量对聚焦波包整体轨道角动量指向的影响。数值结果表明,聚焦波包的整体轨道角动量指向可由纵向轨道角动量的拓扑荷数进行调控,进而实现紧聚焦时空波包的轨道角动量指向可控。这种角动量指向可控的时空波包在光学微操作、微纳加工、自旋-轨道耦合以及量子通信等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

声波的“漩涡”——声学轨道角动量的产生、操控与应用

具有螺旋形相位位错的声涡旋场近来受到了大量关注,因为其所携带的声学轨道角动量具有重要的理论意义与显著的应用价值。当声涡旋与物体相互作用时可以实现角动量的传递,产生可以远程局域或者旋转物体的力矩,这种力学效应对粒子操控等领域意义重大。产生声学轨道角动量的传统方法需要使用由大量独立操控的换能器组成的有源声阵列或是具有不平整厚度及螺旋形结构的无源材料,限制了其在实际中的应用潜力。为利用平面状的小尺寸器件来高效产生声学轨道角动量,发展了基于共振原理的角动量生成技术。最近,声学轨道角动量被拓展至用于开辟新的多路复用信道,以实现高容量的声学通信。文章详细介绍声学轨道角动量的产生、操控及应用方面的最新研究进展。     

水声工程中基于均匀圆阵列的涡旋声波性能分析*

声波作为信息和能量的载体,一直以来在水下通信中被广泛采用,但尚未解决带宽窄、速率低的问题。在光学领域和电磁波领域,轨道角动量都表征了螺旋相位结构的自然属性;通过引入轨道角动量到声学领域中,水声通信系统的传输能力以及频谱效率都得到扩展。基于换能器圆阵列产生涡旋声波进行分析和检测,研究涡旋声波波束的阵列产生方法,给出涡旋声波波束在水下传播的特性。在主轴方向,采用均匀圆阵列产生不同拓扑模式的涡旋声波波束,确定轨道角动量拓扑模式与换能器阵列之间的对应关系;为生成不同拓扑模式下的涡旋声波,研究阵列单元数目、阵列半径、传输频率等对涡旋声波的影响。通过研究发现模式数越高,涡旋声波主瓣波束角越大,主瓣峰值越小。阵列半径越大,主瓣波束角越大,而主瓣峰值则随着阵列半径的增大而减小;频率越高,主瓣波束角越小,主瓣峰值变化不大;阵列单元数对主瓣波束角无影响,但与主瓣峰值成正比关系,阵列单元数越多,主瓣峰值越大。     

基于空间结构内部锁相的光纤激光相干合成技术

介绍了本课题组近年来在基于空间结构内部锁相的光纤激光相干合成方面的研究工作,给出了空间结构内部锁相相干合成的基本原理,搭建了七路低功率光纤激光阵列实验系统,结果表明在内部相位噪声校正基础之上,可以稳定补偿外部相位差进而实现激光阵列同相位输出,验证了内部锁相方法的可行性。进一步介绍了空间结构内部锁相技术在目标在回路相干合成、阵列光束光场调控等方面的拓展应用,通过实验论证了空间结构内部锁相技术能够有效提升目标在回路相干合成系统的相位控制带宽,并在远场有效生成轨道角动量光束阵列,其拓扑荷数可从-1到+1切换。     

等离子体中涡旋光束自聚焦与成丝现象的模拟研究

涡旋光束在低密度等离子体传输过程中出现的非线性物理效应与光子携带的轨道角动量(拓扑荷)存在密切关联.基于亥姆霍兹方程理论获得描述涡旋光束传输的旁轴近似方程,解析求出涡旋光束在低密度等离子体中传输的自聚焦临界功率表达式.利用分步傅里叶数值方法,针对不同参数条件下涡旋光束的自聚焦和成丝现象进行了模拟分析.研究结果表明,涡旋光束的拓扑荷数决定了自聚焦临界功率大小.涡旋光束发生成丝不稳定性现象的功率阈值和最大成丝数目与拓扑荷数存在密切关联.     

共轴双涡旋声束形成离轴多涡旋的定位

涡旋声束具有螺旋的相位波前,中轴线上形成声强为零的相位奇点,其所携带的轨道角动量在粒子操控领域有着广阔的应用前景。传统声涡旋只在传播轴线上形成一个拓扑荷可控的涡旋波束,这限制了声涡旋的应用灵活性。基于环形点声源阵列和相位编码技术,利用奇偶声源分别产生共轴双涡旋声束的声场叠加,在传播截面上形成了具有中心涡旋和子涡旋的离轴多涡旋声场;研究了双涡旋拓扑参数对离轴涡旋的个数、位置及拓扑荷的影响,基于声涡旋的径向声压和相位分布,确定了离轴涡旋的离轴半径,并结合声源位置推导子涡旋中心方位角的计算公式,实现离轴涡旋的精确定位。本研究突破了沿轴分布的涡旋声场只能形成单点涡旋势阱的操控局限,为利用离轴多涡旋实现多点粒子捕获提供了理论依据,促进涡旋声场在精确粒子操控和传输方面的高效应用。      

大气湍流信道中聚焦涡旋光束轨道角动量串扰特性

携带轨道角动量的涡旋光束作为传输信息的载体能有效提高信息传输效率,然而在传输过程中受大气湍流影响轨道角动量会发生串扰.基于螺旋谱分析理论,推导得到了聚焦拉盖尔高斯光束在各向异性大气湍流中传输时的螺旋谱解析表达式,并对比分析不同湍流和光束参数对聚焦与非聚焦拉盖尔高斯光束接收功率的影响,最后利用多相位屏法进行模拟验证.结果表明:随着传输距离、湍流强度、拓扑荷数的增大以及湍流内尺度、光束波长的减小,接收功率减小,轨道角动量串扰增大;接收孔径到达一定值时对轨道角动量串扰的影响非常小;聚焦光束比非聚焦光束的轨道角动量串扰要小.这些结果将对提高自由空间光通信的质量有一定意义.     

分数阶双涡旋光束的实验研究

具有分数阶拓扑荷数的涡旋光束的产生及其传输是近几年来人们感兴趣的研究课题． 本文提出了一种新型的分数阶双涡旋光束, 该光束是由两束带有不同分数阶拓扑荷数的涡旋光束共轴叠加产生, 其光强分布为双环结构．我们对该光束分别进行了理论模拟和实验研究．研究表明, 分数阶双涡旋光束的双环携带不同的轨道角动量, 且相互独立地传输．这种新型的涡旋光束相对于整数阶或单个分数阶拓扑荷数的涡旋光束更具有控制多样性, 有望在光学镊子、光学扳手等微粒子操控领域开发新的应用．     

球面波干涉法测量拉盖尔-高斯光的轨道角动量

采用球面波的拉盖尔-高斯光(LG光)和平面波的基模高斯光干涉的方法 ,可观察到多叶螺旋的干涉图样,螺旋的叶数即是LG光的拓扑荷数,由拓扑荷数可知光子的轨道角动量.利用涡旋相位片产生拓扑荷数1～8的LG光,研究了光强比和偏振条件对干涉图样的影响.为获得高对比度的干涉图样,要求LG光和高斯光的偏振方向相同并且光强基本相等.球面波干涉法用于测量LG光的轨道角动量简单直观,与干涉光强空间分布的细节无关,因此对光强扰动和背景噪声不敏感.     

Emission of underwater acoustic orbital angular momentum and data transmission

Emission of underwater acoustic orbital angular momentum(OAM) is studied as well as underwater acoustic communications with OAM multiplexing. Theoretical acoustic properties for circular phased array are analyzed based on point source theory. We optimize and design an array prototype based on cymbal transducer. The diameter of array prototype is 180 mm, the number of array elements is 10, and the working frequency is 25 k Hz. It emits acoustic OAM with topological charges-3 to 3. The favorable results provide the theoretical basis for emitting acoustic OAM with different topological charges. We encode on-off states of acoustic OAM with different topological charges according to ASCII code to realize underwater acoustic communications. The transmission results suggest that acoustic OAM with various topological charges have intrinsically orthogonal properties. This research will offer potential applications in underwater acoustic communications.     

Efficient generation and multiplexing of optical orbital angular momentum modes in a ring fiber by using multiple coherent inputs

We propose an approach to efficiently generate and multiplex optical orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in a fiber with a ring refractive index profile by using multiple coherent inputs from a Gaussian mode. By controlling the phase relationship of the multiple inputs, one can selectively generate OAM modes of different states l. By controlling both the amplitude and phase of the multiple inputs, multiple OAM modes can be generated simultaneously without additional loss coming from multiplexing. We show, by simulation, the generation of OAM modes (OAM state |l|<3) with mode purity greater than 99%. The power loss of generating and multiplexing seven modes is about 35%. A transmitter for an OAM-based mode-division multiplexing system is proposed based on the discrete Fourier transform between the data carried by the multiple inputs and the data carried by the OAM modes. The experimental implementation of the proposed approach could be achieved by integrating ring fiber, multicore fiber, and photonic integrated circuit technology.     

参量阵差分Pattern时延差编码冰下水声通信方法（英文）

In order to meet the demands of underwater acoustic communication in under ice environment,a differential Pattern time delay shift coding underwater acoustic communication method based on parametric array is introduced in this paper.The under ice underwater acoustic channel is characterized by heavy multipath transmission.Under this model,a parametric array emission method of Pattern signal is derived and the system performance is analyzed.A broadband low frequency sound waves with narrow beam-pattern,which will reduce the interface reflections and suppress the effects of multipath transmission,can be obtained by the emission method.The Songhua River under ice trial results show that there is an anti-multipath property and a higher data rate in the under-ice acoustic channel in proposed approach.     

参量阵差分Pattern时延差编码冰下水声通信方法

为提高差分Pattern时延差编码水声通信方法的通信速率以及抗多途能力,使其能有效适用于冰下水声环境,提出了基于参量阵的差分Pattern时延差编码水声通信方法,推导了Pattern码的参量发射原理,分析了参量阵发射对该方法性能的影响,利用参量阵发射产生低频宽带窄指向性声柬,减少了声线触碰上下边界的次数,提高了系统抗多途的能力。冰下水域外场试验结果表明:本方法可有效抑制多途效应,同时低频宽带特性提高了系统通信速率。      

Twisted optical communications using orbital angular momentum

Angular momentum, a fundamental physical quantity, can be divided into spin angular momentum(SAM) and orbital angular momentum(OAM) in electromagnetic waves. Helically-phased or twisted light beams carrying OAM that exploit the spatial structure physical dimension of electromagnetic waves have benefited wide applications ranging from optical manipulation to quantum information processing. Using the two distinct properties of OAM, i.e., inherent orthogonality and unbounded states in principle, one can develop OAM modulation and OAM multiplexing techniques for twisted optical communications. OAM multiplexing is an alternative space-division multiplexing approach employing an orthogonal mode basis related to the spatial phase structure. In this paper, we review the recent progress in twisted optical communications using OAM in free space and fiber. The basic concept of momentum, angular momentum, SAM, OAM and OAM-carrying twisted optical communications,key techniques and devices of OAM generation/(de)multiplexing/detection, high-capacity spectrally-efficient free-space OAM links, fiber-based OAM links, and OAM processing functions are presented. Ultra-high spectral efficiency and petabit-scale freespace data links are achieved benefiting from OAM multiplexing. The key techniques and challenges of twisted optical communications are also discussed. Twisted optical communications using OAM are compatible with other existing physical dimensions such as frequency/wavelength, amplitude, phase, polarization and time, opening a possible way to facilitate continuous increase of the aggregate transmission capacity and spectral efficiency through N-dimensional multiplexing.     

Beam alignments based on the spectrum decomposition of orbital angular momentums for acoustic-vortex communications

Given the enhanced channel capacity of wave chirality, acoustic communications based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of acoustic-vortex (AV) beams are of significant interest for underwater data transmissions. However, the stringent beam alignment is required for the coaxial arrangement of transceiver arrays to ensure the accuracy and reliability of OAM decoding. To avoid the required multiple measurements of the traditional orthogonality based algorithm, the beam alignment algorithm based on the OAM spectrum decomposition is proposed for AV communications by using simplified ring-arrays. Numerical studies of the single-OAM and OAM-multiplexed AV beams show that the error of the OAM spectrum increases with the translation distance and the deflection angle of the transceiver arrays. To achieve an ideal arrangement, two methods of the single-array translation alignment and the dual-array deflection alignment are developed based on the least standard deviation of the OAM spectrum (SD-OAM). By decreasing the SD-OAM towards zero using transceiver arrays of 16 transmitters and 16 receivers, accurate beam alignments are accomplished by multiple adjustments in three dimensions. The proposed method is also demonstrated by experimental measurements of the OAM dispersion and the SD-OAM for misaligned beams. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the rapid beam alignment based on the OAM spectrum decomposition by using simplified transceiver ring-arrays, and suggest more application potentials for acoustic communications.     

水声正交频分复用异步多用户接入方法

水声信道传播时延大导致水声通信网中上行用户同步困难,因此需要接收端具备异步多用户检测能力。针对水声正交频分复用(OFDM)异步多用户系统提出一种基于滑动迭代的异步多用户接入方法,包括重叠截断、干扰消除、频域过采样、多用户信道估计与解码、以及干扰重构5个处理模块,并通过滑动迭代结构同时消除前向干扰和后向干扰影响。仿真结果表明,所提方法在不同异步到达时延,以及有、无信道估计误差下的误比特率均明显低于逐块解调异步接收算法。水池实验结果表明,滑动迭代异步接收算法在多径扩展18 ms、异步到达时延大于或等于循环前缀1.5倍时实现了两用户异步接入的可靠通信。      

基于激光光束轨道角动量的8位数据信号产生与检测的实验研究

本文研究了利用激光光束的轨道角动量进行8位数据信息传输的技术. 建立了一套利用光束轨道角动量进行8位数据信息传输的系统, 在信息调制部分采用可选通控制的光源阵列和相位调制屏实现光束轨道角动量态的编码复用, 在信息解调部分采用二元振幅光栅进行轨道角动量态检测,实现了无误码的数据信息传输.