平衡时溶液的表面吸附

溶液的表面吸附仍是表面热力学当中的一个具有挑战性的问题.在本文中我们定义了一个新的热力学态函数,表面吸附的平衡条件是这个态函数的微分为零.基于这个条件,我们推导了描述平衡时表面吸附的新方程.在推导过程中没有采用假想分界面.新的表面吸附方程和Gibbs表面吸附方程完全不一样.还通过分子动力学方法模拟了氯化钠溶液,模拟结果和我们的理论预测符合较好.     

吸附方波伏库仑法研究：II.络合吸附体系

对络合吸附体系分别推导了前行化学反应平衡常数Ｋ〈〈１和Ｋ〉〉１两种情况的方波伏库仑法的电量方程及作了实验验证，获得判别这两种络合吸附体系的理论依据，讨论了各种因素对估库仑曲线的影响，并由实验比较皮伏库仑法和方波伏安法的检测限。     

络合吸附体系叠式循环方波伏安法的理论研究：Ⅰ.受前行化学反应控制

推导出受前行化学反应控制的络合吸附不可逆体系叠式循环方波伏安法的电流方程及其各阶导数卷积方程,研究了各峰电流与诸因素的关系,并推导出峰电势表达式。理论推导与实验结果一致。     

气相色谱法测定气固表面的吸附停留时间

提出了一个用气相色谱测定气体在固体表面上吸附停留时间的方法. 经推导, 得到了测定公式.用八种烷烃及苯在硅胶上的吸附实验数据进行验证和研究, 得到了满意的结果.     

反相高效液相色谱中溶质保留过程的热力学研究 Ⅱ. 焓变及其分量, 吸附及解吸附焓变

依据液相色谱中溶质计量置换保留模型,从理论上分别推导出了在反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)中lgI(与1mol溶质对固定相的亲合势有关的常数)和Z(对应于1mol溶质被固定相吸附时释放出置换剂的摩尔数)对绝对温度导数的线性关系式发现非极性与极性小分子溶质的lgI和Z均具有热力学平衡常数的特征.如在前报报告的吉布斯自由能变一样,也推导出了可将溶质保留过程中的总吸附焓变△H_(Pa)分成两个独立的分量,吸附焓变面△H_(I,a)和解吸附焓变△H_(Z,D)的表达式.可同时对在流动相中不同置换剂浓度条件下的△H_(Pa)和△H_(Z,D)进行估算,并与实验值进行了比较,偏差小于±10%并用面△H_(I,a)和△H_(Z.D)值对溶质在RP-HPLC的保留过程中热变化进行了解释.     

镍铝催化剂吸附动力学参数的非线性动态分析

在推导出适应于甲烷化反应体系非线性动态分析不同吸附物种动力学参数模型的基础上，采用计算优化出工业镍铝甲烷化催化剂上可逆吸附氢和可逆吸附一氧化碳的吸附速率常数和吸附平衡常数。结果表明，镍铝催化剂上吸附可逆氢要比吸附一氧化碳快２．２倍左右。该结果为镍铝催化剂上甲烷化产物的生成主要依赖于一氧化碳的吸附这一判断提供了理论依据。由于镍铝催化剂上甲烷化是可逆吸附氢与不可逆吸附一氧化碳共同作用的结果，且不可逆吸     

逆流再生固定床离子交换与吸附过程传质区理论探讨

本文在固定床层的原有基本概念基础上,提出传质区饱和度的新概念。并通过四个基本假定建立起传质区流体动力学模型。经过数学推导,得出床层饱和度η_2与传质区饱和度η_(ts)之间的函数关系式,屏弃了所谓“容量比数”的概念。     

脉冲极谱法研究（Ⅳ）：示差脉冲极谱吸附可逆波理论和验证

本文推导出同时受反应物和产物吸附影响的示差脉冲极谱可逆波方程式,并讨论了电流和电位的性质。实验结果表明该方程满意地描述了实验曲线。     

线性变位极谱法研究(ⅩⅩⅠ)——统一的卷积和去卷积配位吸附电流理论

推导出统一的卷积和去卷积配位吸附电流方程式,讨论了电流、电位性质,并进行了验证,实验结果与理论相符。     

硅胶自水溶液中吸附丙酸和丁酸的计量置换吸附模型

实验研究了硅胶在293、303和313 K下,从水溶液中对丙酸和丁酸的吸附.发现该吸附服从液 固吸附中的计量置换吸附模型（SDM A）.根据吸附模型的线性参数研究了吸附热力学和吸附机理.该吸附是一个自发的、放热的熵减少过程.丁酸的标准吸附自由能比丙酸大,而标准吸附焓比丙酸小.推导出了实验条件下吸附自由能变化的计算公式.     

Silica surface controversies,strong adsorption sites,their blockage and removal. Part I

Summary The review describes many different controversies concerning the surface chemistry of silica. The first part concerns the variable nature of alkyl bonded phases for HPLC, the physical requirements for silica and the role of silanols as adsorption centres. The existence of a small population of strong adsorption sites is pointed out and the reasons for the strong and undesirable adsorption discussed; the part played by trace metals in the silica matrix is emphasised.     

大孔吸附树脂的吸附机理

大孔吸附树脂(macroprous adsorption resin, MAR)是近几十年发展起来的一种具有多孔立体结构、人工合成的有机高分子聚合物。由于其特殊的理化性质和吸附性能,已被广泛应用于化学、医药、环保和食品等领域。本文介绍了近年来国内外对大孔吸附树脂在吸附机理研究方面的进展,重点介绍了不同温度条件下大孔吸附树脂对靶标分子的吸附热力学行为模式,靶标分子在大孔吸附树脂表面及孔内的吸附扩散行为模式。此外,大孔吸附树脂性能参数和靶标分子结构参数之间构效关系也对其吸附选择性规律具有重要的影响。因此,大孔吸附树脂与底物间构效关系的匹配程度及其对选择性的影响是大孔吸附树脂分离理论研究的核心。本文最后介绍了可以准确客观描述吸附过程并具有一定使用范围的大孔吸附树脂吸附模型的建立和评价。     

Adsorption of Nitrogen on Silica Gel Over a Large Range of Temperatures

To study the mechanism of physical adsorption of supercritical gases, the adsorption equilibria of N₂ on silica gel for 103–298 K using 20 K increments and pressures up to 10 MPa were measured. A transition of the adsorption mechanism was proven on crossing the critical temperature, but the transition way observed is different from that observed with activated carbon. This causes a difference in the locations of the linear section of the n- _g isotherm at the near-critical temperature. Although the isotherm type is different on silica gel and on activated carbon in the sub-critical region, all isotherms in the supercritical region can be well modeled by a single model. It leads to the argument that the adsorption mechanism of supercritical gases is identical no matter what kind of adsorbent is used.     

Measurement and theoretical analysis of the adsorption of supercritical methane on superactivated carbon

Adsorption/desorption isotherms of supercritical methane on superactivated carbon have been measured in the range of 0-10 MPa and 233-333 K (20 K interval). The reversibility of the physical adsorption process is acknowledged. The heat of adsorption of 16.5 kJ/mol is determined from the isotherms, and a new modeling strategy for isotherms with maximum is presented. The model yields fits to the experimental isotherms with precision of ?%, maintaining the constancy of the characteristic energy of adsorption. The exponent of the model equation expresses the pore size distribution feature of the adsorbent. The density of the supercritical adsor-bate is evaluated as a parameter of the model. It is shown that the conventional isotherm theory works too at supercritical condition if the limit state of supercritical adsorption is introduced into isotherm modeling.     

Studies on the Physical Adsorption Equilibria of Gases on Porous Solids over a Wide Temperature Range Spanning the Critical Region—Adsorption on Microporous Activated Carbon

Adsorption equilibria of nitrogen and methane on microporous ( < 2 nm) activated carbon were measured for a wide temperature range (103‐298 K) spanning the critical region. Information relating to Henry constants, the isosteric heat of adsorption, and the amount of limiting adsorption were evaluated. All isotherms show type‐I features for both sub‐ and supercritical temperatures. A new isotherm equation and a consideration for the importance of the effect of the adsorbed phase volume allow this kind of isotherms to be modeled satisfactorily. The model parameter of the saturated amount of absolute adsorption (n⁰_t) equals the limiting adsorption amount (n^itm), leaving the physical meaning of the latter clarified, and the exponent parameter (q) proves to be an appropriate index of surface heterogeneity.     

催化裂化汽油固体碱预碱洗的研究──负载固体碱对硫化氢的吸附过程分析

以活性炭为载体,碱金属化合物为活性组分,制备出负载固体碱,对其吸附硫化氢性能进行了研究。结果表明,此类固体碱吸附硫化氢能力较强,在固体碱孔外主要进行化学吸附,在固体碱孔内以物理吸附为主,化学吸附和物理吸附能力分别与固体碱、固体碱孔内所负载活性组分的量有关     

Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Effect of Moisture on Methane Adsorption and Desorption by Activated Carbon at 273.5 K

Adsorption and desorption of methane by activated carbon (AC) at constant temperature and at various pressures were investigated. The effect of moisture was also studied. A volumetric method was used, up to 40 bar, at a temperature of 273.5 K. Results of a dry AC sample were compared with those obtained from a moist sample and two different ACs with different physical and surface properties were used. As expected, the results showed that the existence of moisture, trapped in the AC pores, could lead to a decrease in the amount of methane adsorbed and a decrease in the amount of methane delivered during desorption. To model the experimental results, a large variety of adsorption isotherms were used. The regressed parameters for the adsorption isotherms were obtained using the experimental data generated in the present study. The accuracy of the results obtained from the different adsorption isotherms was favorably compared.     

溶液表面吸附实验的再讨论

In the solution adsorption experiment, different adsorption mode has been observed for aqueous ethanol and aqueous n-butanol, respectively. However, it is difficult to make an adjustment by the profiles of σ-c relationship. Choosing the experimental conditions improperly will give wrong results. Since there is no consistency between the Gibbs adsorption isotherm and Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the experimental data should not be fitted by using any algebraic equations or physical models. The data fitting for this experiment should be carried out according to the following steps:fitting the σ-lnc curve manually, making it monotonic and smooth; retrieving more data from this fitting curve, and re-plotting the σ-lnc curve; calculating the first derivatives at these data points (i.e., (∂σ/∂lnc)_T); calculating surface adsorptions by Gibbs adsorption isotherm, Γ=-(∂σ/∂lnc)_T/RT. As for the calculation of the cross-section area for the solute molecule, the effect of concentration of bulk solution (i.e., c) on the surface molecular density should be taken into account.     

Analysis of the Micropore Structure of Various Microporous Materials from Nitrogen Adsorption at 77 K

The micropore structure of four microporous materials (two zeolites, ZSM-5 and Y-82; an activated carbon and an alumina pillared clay) and their binary physical mixtures (50-50 wt%) have been examined by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Various micropore sizes have been considered from the stages on the micropore filling mechanism in the microporous materials. The application of the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation to characterize and obtain the adsorption potential distributions of the microporous materials is presented.     

新型多级微/介孔固态胺吸附剂的制备及其CO2吸附性能研究

将HZSM-5与MCM-41按不同质量比混合得到复合分子筛载体,以四乙烯五胺(TEPA)为改性剂,采用浸渍法将其负载到复合分子筛上,制备了一系列新型的具有多级微/介孔结构的固态胺吸附剂。采用N₂吸脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)等手段对吸附剂进行表征。在固定床反应器中考察了HZSM-5和MCM-41的质量比、TEPA负载量、吸附温度、进气流量和CO₂分压等因素对CO₂吸附性能的影响。结果表明,当HZSM-5与MCM-41的质量比为1:1、TEPA负载量为30%、吸附温度为55℃、进气流量为30 mL/min时,平衡吸附量高达3.57 mmol/g,且经10次吸脱附循环后,吸附量仅下降8.1%。HZSM-5/MCM-41-30%TEPA对CO₂的吸附过程包括快速的穿透吸附和相对缓慢的逐渐平衡阶段,且穿透吸附量接近于平衡吸附量的80%。HZSM-5/MCM-41-30%TEPA对CO₂的吸附过程符合Avrami动力学模型,表明CO₂吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的结果。