立体选择性萃取分离反式DV菊酸对映体

研究了反式DV菊酸对映体在含有手性选择体酒石酸酯的水-有机相双相体系中的萃取分配行为,考察了有机稀释剂种类、酒石酸酯的浓度、温度、水相的pH值、酒石酸酯烷基链长度对分配系数(D)和分配因子(α)的影响.研究表明:三氯甲烷作稀释剂时萃取分离效果较好;温度升高使分配系数增大,分离因子减小;分配系数随pH的升高而降低,随着酒石酸酯浓度的增大而增大,分离因子随pH的升高和酒石酸酯浓度的增大先增加后降低,pH和酒石酸酯浓度分别为4.50和0.40mol/L时取得较好的分离效果;取代烷基链长对分配系数(D)和分离因子(α)亦有较大影响.     

反式第一菊酸对映体的手性选择剂立体选择性分离

研究反式第一菊酸(trans-CA)对映体在含有手性选择剂酒石酸酯的水-有机相双相体系中的萃取分配行为,考察有机相的种类、酒石酸酯烷基链长度、水相的pH值和酒石酸酯的浓度对分配系数K和分配因子α的影响.研究结果表明:1,2-二氯乙烷作为有机相效果较好,D-酒石酸酯与( )-反式第一菊酸对映体形成的复合物稳定性比与(-)-反式第一菊酸对映体形成的复合物稳定性要大,而L-酒石酸酯的萃取性能与此相反,它与(-)-反式第一菊酸对映体形成的复合物稳定性比与( )-反式第一菊酸对映体形成的复合物稳定性要大.酒石酸酯取代烷基链长对分配系数K和分离因子α有很大影响;分配系数K和分离因子α均随pH的升高而降低;分配系数K随着酒石酸酯浓度的增大而增大,分离因子α先随浓度增大而稳定上升,后随浓度增大而缓慢下降.     

疏水性L-酒石酸酯立体选择性萃取分离氯噻酮对映体

研究了氯噻酮对映体在含有疏水性L-酒石酸酯手性选择体的水-1,2-二氯乙烷两相系统萃取分配行为,考察了pH、L-酒石酸酯烷基链长度、L-酒石酸酯浓度和磷酸盐浓度对分配系数和分离因子的影响。实验表明：L-酒石酸酯与氯噻酮I( )-对映体比与Ⅱ(-)-对映体形成更稳定的非对映体复合物;随着L-酒石酸酯取代烷基链长的增长,分配系数和分离因子增大;随着pH增大,分配系数增大,而分离因子降低;同时,L-酒石酸酯和磷酸盐浓度影响也比较大。     

手性溶剂萃取分离顺式二氯菊酸对映体

研究了顺式二氯菊酸(cis-PA)对映体在含有酒石酸酯手性选择体的水-1-2-二氯乙烷两相溶液中的萃取分配行为,考察了有机相种类、L-酒石酸酯浓度、水相pH、L-酒石酸酯烷基链长度和萃取温度等因素对萃取分离效果的影响.结果表明,L-酒石酸酯与II对映体形成的复合物稳定性比与I对映体形成的复合物要好;1.2-二氯乙烷作为有机相效果较好;随着L-酒石酸酯浓度的增大,分配系数K逐渐增大,而分离因子α先增大然后开始减小;随着pH的增大,K和α都降低;L-酒石酸酯烷基链长度及萃取温度对K和α有较大影响.     

疏水性L-酒石酸异丁酯立体选择性萃取拆分氰戊菊酸对映体

合成了萃取拆分氰戊菊酸(FA)对映体的手性选择体L-酒石酸异丁酯.研究了氰戊菊酸对映体在含有手性选择体L-酒石酸异丁酯的水-有机相双相体系中的萃取分配行为.考察了有机稀释剂类型、L-酒石酸异丁酯浓度、pH值和磷酸盐浓度诸因素对分配系数(K)和分离因子(α)的影响.研究结果表明:L-酒石酸异丁酯与S对映体形成的复合物稳定性比与R对映体形成的复合物要好;1,2-二氯乙烷作为有机稀释剂更有利于萃取分离;随着L-酒石酸异丁酯浓度的增大,K逐渐增大,α先增大后减小,当L-酒石酸异丁酯浓度为0.30 mol\5L-1时,α达最大;pH值增大,K和α都降低;磷酸盐浓度对分配系数和分离因子也有较大影响.     

疏水性L-酒石酸酯萃取分离特非那丁对映体

研究了特非那丁对映体在含有疏水性L-酒石酸酯的1,2二氯乙烷溶液及甲醇水溶液两相中的萃取分配行为,考察了不同烷基链长的L-酒石酸酯,L-酒石酸酯的浓度,有机溶剂的种类,及其溶解特非那丁的甲醇水溶液浓度对分配系数K和分离因子α的影响。实验表明:L-酒石酸酯与特非那丁Ⅱ对映体形成的复合物稳定性比与特非那丁Ⅰ对映体形成的复合物稳定性要大,三类有机溶剂的萃取性能为醇>1,2二氯乙烷>烷烃;甲醇的浓度在50%~90%时,随着溶解特非那丁的甲醇水溶液中的甲醇浓度的增加,分配系数和分离因子均降低;当甲醇的浓度为50%时,可以得到最佳的K和α;随着L-酒石酸酯的浓度的提高,分配系数K和α分离因子先增加然后减小;当L-酒石酸酯的浓度约为0.25 mol/L时,K和α达到最大值;L-酒石酸酯的碳链长度对分配系数K和分离因子α也有很大的影响。     

手性酯类萃取剂萃取拆分α-环己基扁桃酸外消旋体

研究了α-环己基扁桃酸对映体在含有疏水性D酒石酸酯手性选择体的1,2-二氯乙烷和水两相系统萃取分配行为,考察了酒石酸酯烷基链长度、pH值和D酒石酸酯浓度对分配比和分离因子的影响。实验表明：D酒石酸酯与R-α-环己基扁桃酸对映体比与S—α-环己基扁桃酸对映体形成更稳定的非对映体复合物;随着pH值增大,分配比减小,分离因子也随之降低;同时,D酒石酸酯浓度的影响也比较大。     

疏水性相转移手性溶剂萃取分离叔丁喘宁对映体

以四苯硼钠 (NaBPh4)为疏水性相转移试剂 ,研究了叔丁喘宁对映体分别在含 13种不同烷基链的L 酒石酸酯手性选择体水 有机溶剂两相系统中的萃取分配行为 ,考察pH和有机溶剂对分配系数 (K)和分离因子 (α)的影响。实验表明 :BPh-4与叔丁喘宁对映体阳离子形成疏水性复合盐 ,促进叔丁喘宁对映体在有机溶剂中的溶解 ,提高了分配系数 ;L 酒石酸酯与叔丁喘宁对映体Ⅱ形成非对映体复合物的稳定性比与对映体Ⅰ形成的非对映体大 ;随着L 酒石酸酯烷基链的增长 ,分配系数和立体选择性增强 ;3类溶剂的萃取性能为醇>1,2 二氯乙烷 >烷烃 ,并随着醇碳原子数的增加 ,两对映体的分配系数和分离因子增大 ;pH值的影响很大。     

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸与酒石酸衍生物复合萃取拆分扁桃酸外消旋体

本文研究了扁桃酸对映体在含二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)与酒石酸衍生物复合手性选择剂的正辛醇-水两相体系中的萃取分配行为,考察了酒石酸衍生物的种类和初始浓度、D2EHPA的初始浓度、扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响.结果显示,复合手性选择剂能提高分配系数和分离因子,D2EHPA与D-酒石酸衍生物的复合手性选择剂与L-扁桃酸对映体比与D-扁桃酸对映体形成更稳定的非对映体复合物;且D2EHPA与二对甲基苯甲酰酒石酸(DTTA)的复合手性选择剂的手性选择性大于D2EHPA与二苯甲酰酒石酸(DBTA)的复合手性选择剂;同时,扁桃酸的初始浓度、萃取温度对分配系数和分离因子的影响较大.     

双相(O/W)识别手性萃取分离α-环己基扁桃酸对映体

提出一种新的手性分离技术双相(O/W)识别手性萃取. 研究了α-环己基扁桃酸对映体在D(L)-酒石酸异丁酯1,2-二氯乙烷有机相和β-环糊精衍生物水相萃取体系中的分配行为; 考察了β-环糊精衍生物种类和浓度、酒石酸酯构型和浓度、水相pH 值等因素对萃取性能的影响. 实验结果表明, 双相(O/W)识别手性萃取具有很强的手性分离能力, 羟丙基β-环糊精、羟乙基β-环糊精、甲基β-环糊精均对S-α-环己基扁桃酸对映体的识别能力大于对R-α-环己基扁桃酸对映体的识别能力, 其中以羟丙基β-环糊精的识别能力最强; 而D-酒石酸异丁酯的识别能力刚好相反; 在羟丙基β-环糊精和D-酒石酸异丁酯萃取体系中, α-环己基扁桃酸外消旋体一次萃取分离后, 水相中S-对映体e.e.%达到27.6%, R-和S-对映体的分配系数(k_R和k_S)分别为2.44和0.98, 分离因子(α)达2.49; 同时pH值和萃取剂浓度对手性分离能力有显著影响. 双相(O/W)识别手性萃取对外消旋体化合物的制备性分离有着十分重要的意义.     

Enhanced enantioselectivity in the heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of acetoacetate esters into the corresponding 3-hydroxybutyrates using commercial nickel powder

Heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of acetoacetic acid esters over tartaric acid/NaBr-modified Ni powder was determined to be a critical function of the steric bulk of the ester moiety to afford quantitatively 3-hydroxybutyrate in 94% enantiomeric excess when ethyl and i-butyl esters are used, providing a facile route to optically active 3-hydroxybutyrates.     

通过形成二酪氨酸酯酒石酸盐法制备D-酪氨酸的新方法

研究了在乙醇溶液中光学活性L-酒石酸拆分DL-酪氨酸乙酯时的特性, 发现溶液中同时存在着酒石酸、酪氨酸乙酯酒石酸氢盐和二酪氨酸乙酯酒石酸盐, 三者之间的平衡关系影响拆分结果, 所得酪氨酸的构型与L-酒石酸和DL-酪氨酸乙酯的投料摩尔比有关. 前者的摩尔数大于后者时为富D-酪氨酸乙酯, 小于后者时为富L-酪氨酸乙酯, 两者相当时则得到DL-酪氨酸乙酯. 进一步的研究探讨了D-酒石酸、L-酒石酸与L-酪氨酸乙酯在不同摩尔比下的成盐特性, 从而解释了酒石酸拆分酪氨酸乙酯过程中的这一特性, 说明由于二L-酪氨酸乙酯酒石酸盐和二D-酪氨酸乙酯酒石酸盐在乙醇中溶解度都很小, 因此通过酒石酸拆分酪氨酸乙酯的方法不能得到高光学纯度的D-酪氨酸. 在此基础上, 通过形成二酪氨酸甲酯酒石酸盐的方法, 在甲醇中成功地用D-酒石酸拆分制备了D-酪氨酸, 光学纯度99% ee.     

酒石酸酯化物的合成与应用研究进展

综述了12种酒石酸酯化物的合成方法,重点介绍了酒石酸酯化物在手性助剂、手性配体、手性源合成配体、手性萃取选择剂等领域中的应用,提出了未来的研究方向和应用前景。参考文献69篇。     

Synthesis and chiral recognition properties of two novel chiral calix[4]arene tartaric ester derivatives

Two new chiral calix[4]arene derivatives containing tartaric acid ester moieties were synthesized. The chiral calix[4]arenes are in a ‘cone’ conformation according to NMR spectroscopy. The chiral recognition capabilities of 1–4 toward the guests, 1,2-propanediol and serine methyl ester hydrochloride (SerOMe), were investigated (¹H NMR spectroscopy). The extraction properties of compounds 1 and 2 toward selected α-amino acid methyl esters were also studied.     

Biphasic recognition chiral extraction — novel way of separating pantoprazole enantiomers

This paper presents a biphasic recognition chiral extraction system developed as a new chiral separation technology for the separation of pantoprazole enantiomers, combining a hydrophilic β-CD derivative in the aqueous phase and a hydrophobic tartaric acid in the organic phase which preferentially recognise the (R)-enantiomer and (S)-enantiomer, respectively. In this study, a number of factors which influence the efficiency of the extraction were investigated including types of organic solvents, β-CD and tartaric acid esters and their concentrations, pH and temperature. As a result, enantioselectivity for pantoprazole enantiomers can be improved up to 1.42 under optimised conditions; in addition, it is clear that the combined action of β-CD and tartaric acid esters leads to formation of the biphasic chiral extraction system with a stronger separation capacity than a monophasic chiral extraction system.     

Kinetics study of amine cleavage reactions of various resin-bound thiophenol esters from marshall linker

The kinetics of cleavage reactions of seven resin-bound thiophenol esters with three amines has been studied by single-bead FTIR. The reactivity of these seven thiophenol esters was dependent on their structures and could be summarized as follows: 5-benzimidazolecarboxylic thiophenol ester > alkyl thiophenol ester > aromatic thiophenol ester. The reactivity of three amines was summarized as follows: n-butylamine > 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine > 1-piperonylpiperazine. The rate of the cleavage reaction increased 2-fold per 10 degrees C rise in reaction temperature. Oxidation of the thiophenol linker increased the rate of the cleavage reaction by 580-fold.     

Über die Enantiomerentrennung durch Verteilung zwischen flüssigen Phasen. 3. Mitteilung. Selektivität der lipophilen Weinsäureester für chirale Ammonium-Salze verschiedener Konstitution und Konfiguration

Separation of Enantiomers by Partition between Liquid Phases. 3. Communication. Selectivity of Lipophilic Tartaric Acid Esters for Chiral Ammonium Salts of Different Constitution and Configuration Several methods are described which allow determination on a small scale of the enantiomer distribution constant Q, and the affinity coefficient P, which characterize the enantioselectivity and the affinity of a lipophilic phase for ammonium salts of different constitution and configuration. The influence of concentration of the tartaric acid ester, temperature, concentration and type of the lipophilic anion on Q and P was investigated to find out favourable experimental conditions for resolutions of racemates by iterative process, e.g. partition chromatography. The relationship between Q and the configuration of aminoalcohols 1–12 was explored and the observed regularities are pointed out. In addition it was found that lipophilic tartaric acid esters are enantioselective to salts of threo-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediamine 13 , and to phenylglycine and its derivatives 14–16.     

Synthesis of chiral calix[4]arenes bearing tartaric ester moieties

The synthesis of chiral calix[4]arenes with tartaric acid ester moieties has been achieved by the reactions of tartaric ester chloroacetates with calix[4]arenes in moderate yields. All the chiral calix[4]arene derivatives are in a cone conformation according to the ¹H NMR doublet–doublet pattern of the protons of the methylene groups between the phenol rings. The results of NMR and specific rotations indicate that the molecules have C₂ symmetry with asymmetric features.     

Solubilisation of different medium chain esters in zwitterionic surfactant solutions--effects on phase behaviour and structure

We studied the effect of solubilisation of methyl esters with different chains of medium length into the binary surfactant system tetradecyldimethylamine oxide/water at constant surfactant concentration of 200 mM. As esters we employed valeric, capronic, enanthic, and pelargonic methyl ester, thereby decreasing the polarity. Always a phase sequence L(1)-L(α)-L(1) is observed with increasing ester concentration, where the L(α)-phase increases in extent and goes to much lower temperatures with increasing chain length of the ester. Viscosity measurements show a maximum at intermediate concentrations of additive that is independent of the type of ester. From SANS measurements detailed information about the structural changes occurring during the rod-to-sphere transition in the system of the shortest additive is deduced, which proceeds first through a pronounced rod growth. Interestingly, for the different esters an almost constant value of the volumic solubilisation capacity is observed, in agreement with the relatively constant interfacial tension. For the different esters no effect on the radius and the area requirement at the amphiphilic interface is observed at the solubilisation boundary. The microemulsions present here are spherical aggregates where the ester is partitioned between core and shell. From the SANS and interfacial tension data the effective bending constants of the surfactant monolayers were deduced and they show that the extension of the L(α)-phase is directly related to a corresponding increase in the bending constants of the surfactant/ester monolayers.     

Synthesis and amphiphilic properties of decanoyl esters of tri- and tetraethylene glycol

Well-defined decanoyl triethylene glycol ester and decanoyl tetraethylene glycol ester were synthesized and compared to their ether counterparts (C(10)E(4) and C(10)E(3)). Their physicochemical properties i.e. critical micelle concentrations (CMC), cloud points, and equilibrium surface tensions were determined. Binary water-surfactant phase behavior was also studied by polarized optical microscopy. The stability of the ester bond was determined by investigating alkaline hydrolysis of the compounds. It was found that CMC, cloud point and equilibrium surface tension are roughly the same for corresponding ethers and esters. In the binary diagram, the esters form only lamellar phases, the area of which is smaller than that of the ether counterparts. These different behaviors can be related to the modification of the molecular conformation induced by the replacement of the ether group by the ester group.