碳钢在NaNO_2-NaCl溶液中的电流波动

用动电位和恒电位极化法研究了A3碳钢在NaNO2＿NaCl溶液体系中的电流波动特征.A3钢在不含Cl-的0.1mol/LNaNO2溶液中能保持良好的钝态,当加入一定浓度的Cl-后,电流出现了明显的快速上升,再缓慢下降的波动特征,表明此时碳钢表面生成了溶解较快而再钝化相对较慢的亚稳态孔蚀.实验中可观察到因电流波动而产生的累积腐蚀损伤的蚀孔.实验表明,随着Cl-浓度的增加,出现亚稳态孔蚀的初始电位Em降低,相应的电流波动峰值增大,峰频增加;而升高电位,则电流波动的峰值和峰频也都增加,况且再钝化时间延长,由此可见电位的升高促进了亚稳态孔的溶解,并能激活更多的活性点使孔诱发速率增大.     

钝化与过钝化状态下304不锈钢的点蚀行为研究

为了进一步了解不锈钢钝化膜与过钝化膜的性质,本文对比研究了在不同电位下极化处理后304不锈钢样品的点蚀及表面膜性质,发现空白对照组样品的点蚀电位和1.1 V过钝化处理后样品的点蚀电位相近,而0.5 V钝化处理后样品的点蚀电位较高. 扫描Kelvin探针（SKP）实验结果也验证了这一现象. 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示,空白对照组样品表面只呈现一般样品抛光后形貌;0.5 V钝化处理后的样品表面被颗粒状钝化膜所覆盖,该膜层决定了样品具有较好的耐蚀性;而1.1 V过钝化处理后的样品表面出现裂缝,导致不锈钢基体继续发生严重的局部腐蚀,可能成为过钝化膜保护性变差的主要原因.     

烯胺阻锈剂对钢筋在模拟碳化混凝土孔隙液中的点蚀抑制

通过电化学噪声(ECN)、电化学阻抗(EIS)及极化曲线研究了四乙烯五胺(TEPA)在碳化模拟混凝土孔隙液中对Q345B碳钢点蚀的抑制机理. 结果表明: 通过吸附成膜和隔离Cl^-离子对钝化膜的侵蚀, TEPA浓度升高导致碳钢点蚀电位正移. 低浓度的TEPA会造成亚稳态蚀点形核速率略微增加, 但会降低其寿命. 随着TEPA浓度增加, 噪声电阻上升, 而亚稳态蚀点寿命和平均点蚀电量则迅速下降, 表明其明显加速了亚稳态蚀点修复, 当TEPA浓度达0.10 mol·L^-1时, 噪声峰消失, 基底电流趋于零, 蚀点全面钝化. TEPA不仅能抑制Cl^-离子引起的亚稳态和稳态蚀点生长, 还可吸附于钝化膜表面, 抑制膜的均匀溶解. 形貌观察表明, 亚稳态蚀点主要在稳态蚀点周围形核和生长, 并不断为稳态蚀点所吞并, 造成碳钢表面蚀坑一般沿平面而不是垂直方式扩展.     

铝阳极氧化膜在中性NaCl溶液中的亚稳态点蚀研究

使用动电位极化法,电化学噪声和扫描电镜技术研究了工业纯铝L2经不同电流密度阳极氧化和不同方法封闭后于1mol/LNaCl中性溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,阳极氧化能大大提高L2的耐蚀性,但当氧化膜较薄或氧化膜经长时间在溶液中浸泡后,试样表面仍能发生亚稳态点蚀,并在极化曲线上出现电流振荡和电位振荡.扫描电镜观察则表明,这些亚稳态点蚀孔径一般小于10μm,主要产生在膜中的金属间化合物周围.若氧化膜厚度增加或使用沸水和重铬酸盐封闭,均可有效地抑制亚稳态点蚀的发生.     

18／8型不锈钢在受力形变条件下腐蚀电化学行为的研究

应用电化学稳态技术、电化交流阻、抗微区电化学技术及扫描电等方法，研究１８／８型不锈钢在Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３稀溶液中，受外力形变条件下，的腐蚀电化学行为，结果表明，力学因素可使表面腐蚀电化学活性增加，表面微裂纹的发生、消失和再钝化的动态过程，同时受电位和拉应力的影响；点腐蚀可优先发生在应力集中位置，点蚀的发展可能诱导不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂。     

不锈钢点腐蚀发生的早期过程 Ⅰ. 扫描微参比电极法研究

本文应用扫描微参比电极联机测量系统对18-8型不锈钢在含Cl~-介质中点腐蚀发生的早期过程进行研究。结果表明, 在点腐蚀发生的早期阶段, 可用特征电位E_r表征表面钝化膜的局部破坏和微点腐蚀的发生, E_r电位与传统的E_P电位不同, E_r电位通常比E_p, 电位更负100—400 mV, E_r电位值与钝化膜的表面状态直接有关, 且随介质Cl~-浓度的增加和pH的降低而负移。在E_r电位附近, 微点腐蚀开始发生, 但一般不能稳定发展, 电位越接近于E_p, 则已发生的微点腐蚀越容易扩展为宏观点腐蚀, 由此, 作者提出“不稳定微点腐蚀”的新概念, 并对不锈钢点腐蚀发生的早期过程机理加以讨论。     

微电极法研究不锈钢点腐蚀发生发展过程

应用微电极法研究不锈钢点腐蚀发生发展过程，首镒获得了不锈钢夹杂物缺陷在阳极活化电位的活性溶解信息和点腐蚀发展过程蚀点生长和消止两个相互竞争，不断发展的动态行为，深化对夹杂物缺陷诱点腐蚀的发生及点腐蚀发展过程机理的认识。     

Microelectrode Studies on the Pitting Corrosion Process of Stainless Steel

应用微电极法研究不锈钢点腐蚀发生发展过程，首次获得不锈钢夹杂物缺陷在阳极活化电位的活性溶解信息和点腐蚀发展过程蚀点生长和消止两个相互竞争、不断发展的动态行为，深化对夹杂物缺陷诱导点腐蚀的发生及点腐蚀发展过程机理的认识。实验表明，应用微电极技术研究点腐蚀过程可具有若干明显特点：ａ．由于界面双层电容和背景电流的大幅度降低，有利于检测点腐蚀发生和发展过程快速、信号微弱；ｂ．可考察夹杂物缺陷的电化学活性及其诱导点腐蚀成核的重要作用；ｃ．可研究单孔点腐蚀发展的动态行为及影响因素。     

磁场对316L不锈钢微生物腐蚀行为的影响

采用循环极化、微生物分析法、扫描电镜及表面能谱分析等方法,研究了磁场对316L不锈钢在含硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的土壤模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,磁场可以抑制SRB的生长;未外加磁场时316L不锈钢表面膜层以局部堆积为主,加有磁场时,局部堆积明显减小,膜层均匀致密的排列于基体表面;无论有或没有外加磁场,316L不锈钢表面均发生钝化膜破裂型点蚀,未外加磁场时的点蚀电位低于加有磁场时的。在相同的浸泡时间,未外加磁场时循环极化滞后环面积明显比加有磁场时的大,说明磁场可以有效抑制316L不锈钢点蚀的形成与发展,降低316L不锈钢的点蚀诱发能力。     

Fe基合金钝化膜点蚀敏感性的电化学研究

应用电位扫描、交流阻抗、电化学噪声等方法研究Fe及其合金在中性水溶液中钝化膜的形成过程、电子性质和点蚀敏感性以及不同微组织结构间的相互作用.结果表明:由Mott-Schot tky关系式确定钝化膜的电子性质仅限于较窄的低电位范围;在较高电位下,电容倒数与电位的线性关系当归因于钝化膜厚度的变化;反映钝化膜缺陷的电子性质与合金的点蚀敏感性有关,钝化膜电子供给体浓度越高,点蚀倾向越强。钝化膜的电子性质受钝化膜形成电位、钝化剂种类以及合金的微组织结构影响;不同微组织结构之间存在相互作用,这种相互作用能够诱导缺陷较大的一方发生点蚀。铁素体与珠光体和/或马素体相互作用时,点蚀在铁素体形成和发展.     

A study on the electrochemical polymerization, characterization, and corrosion protection of o-toluidine on steel

Poly(o-toluidine) (POT) coatings were electrochemically synthesized on 304 stainless steel using cyclic voltammetric method. These coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The corrosion performance of POT coating in aqueous 3 wt% sodium chloride was assessed by the electrochemical techniques such as open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization technique, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results reveal that POT coating on 304 stainless steel prevents general and localized corrosion, and reduces the exchange current density almost by a factor of 45 than bare 304 stainless steel.     

Pitting inhibition of stainless steel by surfactants: an electrochemical and surface chemical approach

Pitting corrosion of stainless steels causes tremendous damage in terms of material loss and resulting accidents. Organic surfactants have been tried as pitting inhibitors but the understanding of the inhibition mechanisms is mainly speculative. In the present study the inhibition of the pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel by N-lauroylsarcosine sodium salt (NLS) in 0.1 M NaCl solutions at neutral pH was studied using an approach that combines surface chemical techniques with electrochemical ones. It was found that NLS increases the pitting resistance of 304 stainless steel, with possible complete inhibition at high NLS concentration (30 mM). Adsorption of NLS on 304 stainless steel particles was directly measured. NLS adsorbs significantly on 304 stainless steel with maximum adsorption density close to bilayer coverage. Electrophoretic mobility data for 304 stainless steel particles show that the surface of 304 stainless steel is negative in NaCl solution at neutral pH. The adsorption of NLS makes the interfacial charge even more negative. The relationship between pitting inhibition and adsorption density of NLS suggests that NLS does not adsorb preferentially on the pit nucleation sites and complete inhibition requires that the whole surface be covered completely by NLS. The inhibition mechanism of NLS is proposed to be due mainly to the blocking effect of a negatively charged NLS adsorption layer. This study shows that in addition to the adsorption amount of surfactant, interfacial charge also plays an important role in pitting inhibition.     

腐蚀金属电极的电化学频域测量研究进展──金属腐蚀与防护研究所电化学研究介绍之一

腐蚀金属电极的电化学频域测量研究进展──金属腐蚀与防护研究所电化学研究介绍之一曹楚南（金属腐蚀与防护国家重点实验室,金属腐蚀与防护研究所,沈阳１１００１５）腐蚀电化学是研究与腐蚀有关的电化学问题,具体的研究对象为腐蚀金属电极。虽然电化学中的基本原理和...     

The influence of Cu on the electrochemical behaviour of 304 stainless steel in 0.1M H3PO4 solution

The effect of different Cu addition on the electrochemical and passivation behaviour of the 304 series stainless steel in 0.1 M phosphoric acid solution was evaluated by the potentiodynamic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS). The effect of Cu on chemical composition of the passive film formed in the solution was also studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that Cu did not appreciably improve the corrosion resistance of the passive film, but enhanced the passivation, lowered the critical and passive current density. The passive and critical current density decreased with Cu content increased. The presence of Cu in the passive film affects passive film stability. Cu can modify the proportion of Cr element in the passive film, and also change the components of Fe in the passive film. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pitting corrosion characterization by electrochemical noise measurements on asymmetric electrodes

Pitting corrosion of stainless steel electrodes can be detected by presence of characteristic transients in a current that flows between two short-circuited electrodes. Various methods for detection of these events are proposed in literature but still a more thorough analysis is needed. The authors present another method that preserves information about transient occurrence and their characteristic time constant. We suggest the application of the bispectrum or, even with better results, its integrated function for transient detection during metastable pitting. This method was successfully applied for noise recording at pitting corrosion of stainless steel 0H18N9 when exposed to electrolyte (1-M concentration of FeCl₃ in distilled water).     

Pitting behavior on super 13Cr stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution in the presence of acetic acid

The pitting behavior was investigated on super 13Cr stainless steels in 3.5% NaCl solution in the presence of HAc. The electrochemical measurements including potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and chronoamperometric experiments were carried out, as well as the SEM surface analysis. The parameters such as E _corr and I _corr were obtained by fitting technique. Moreover, the equivalent circuit model was applied in the analysis of Nyquist plots, and ZsimWin software was used to analyze the EIS data. The results indicate that the pitting corrosion is accelerated with increasing the amounts of HAc. In addition, pitting nucleation and growth mechanisms were described in this work.     

A zirconia-polyester glycol coating on differently pretreated AISI 316L stainless steel: corrosion behavior in chloride solution

The effect of zirconia and zirconia-polyester glycol hybrid coatings on the corrosion resistance of mechanically polished or anodized AISI 316 stainless steel (316L), was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.1 M NaCl and scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy examinations. The deposition of zirconia coatings was achieved by the sol–gel technique by immersing the samples in either the inorganic polymer or the organic–inorganic polymer mixture. From potentiodynamic and impedance measurements, the grade of protection is reduced with the exposure time to the electrolyte, which is mainly associated with lost of film adhesion and, consequently, detachment from the metal substrate. However, the uncoated anodized sample revealed an unexpected corrosion behavior; the anodic film formed during anodizing readily increased the corrosion resistance of the 316L stainless steel in 0.1 M NaCl, revealing a considerable reduction in the corrosion current density and an increase in the pitting potential.     

Electrochemical behavior of Ni-Al-Fe alloys in simulated human body solution

An investigation about the corrosion resistance of Ni-Al-Fe intermetallic alloys in simulated human body fluid environments has been carried out using electrochemical techniques. Tested alloys included 57 (wt%) Ni-(20 to 30) Al-(12 to 23) Fe using the Hank's solution because the high corrosion resistance provided by protective Al₂O₃ external layer. For comparison, AISI 316L type stainless steel has also been used. Electrochemical techniques included potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise measurements. The different techniques have shown that these alloys showed a similar or higher corrosion resistance than conventional AISI 316L type stainless steel, and this corrosion resistance decreased as the Al content in the alloy increased. The alloys were susceptible to pitting type of corrosion on the interdendritic Ni-rich phases.