Further Alkaloids from the Fruits of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum

Three new Daphniphyllum alkaloids, daphlongeranines C–E ( 1 – 3 ), along with 13 known ones, were isolated from the fruits of Daphniphyllum longeracemosum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D‐NMR experiments.     

Alkaloids from the Twigs and Leaves of Daphniphyllum macropodum

Three new alkaloids, macrodumines A–C ( 1 – 3 , resp.), along with ten known analogs, were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Daphniphyllum macropodum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The 11‐OH configuration of the known alkaloid hydroxydaphgraciline ( 4 ) was assigned as α for the first time by comparing the NMR data with those of macrodumine C ( 3 ).     

Three New Indole‐Containing Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from a Deep‐Ocean Sediment Derived Fungus Penicillium griseofulvum

Three new indole‐containing diketopiperazine alkaloids, named variecolorins M–O ( 1 – 3 ), together with the eight known analogues 4 – 11 , were isolated from a deep‐ocean sediment‐derived fungus, Penicillium griseofulvum. Their structures were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazinyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activities and the cell‐proliferation inhibitory activities of the three new compounds 1 – 3 were investigated.     

New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum liangshanicum

One new C₁₉‐diterpenoid alkaloid, named liangshantine ( 1 ), and three new C₂₀‐diterpenoid alkaloids, liangshansines A–C ( 2 – 4 , resp.), as well as eight known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Aconitum liangshanicum. The structures of these new alkaloids were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.     

Five New β‐Carboline‐Type Alkaloids from Stellaria dichotoma var. lanceolata

Five new β‐carboline‐type alkaloids, dichotomines F–J ( 1 – 5 , resp.), along with nine known compounds, dichotomides I, III, V, and VII ( 6 – 9 , resp.), stellarines A and C ( 10 – 11 , resp.), dichotomine B ( 12 ), glucodichotomine B ( 13 ), and 1‐acetyl‐3‐carboxy‐β‐carboline ( 14 ), were isolated from the roots of Chinese medicinal plant Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata. Their structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic means. Compounds 12 and 13 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity.     

交让木树皮中的新虎皮楠生物碱的结构研究

本文报道从虎皮楠科植物交让木的树皮中分到4个新的和7个已知的虎皮楠生物碱的结构研究。4个新生物碱分别命名为脱氧交让木碱（dehydroxymacropodumineA）(1), 4,21-脱乙酰-23-脱甲基-脱氧交让木胺（4,21-deacetyl-23-demethyl-deoxyyuzurimine） (2),7-氧杂--脱氧交让木胺（7-oxo-deoxyyuzurimine）(3),和4-乙酰氧-虎皮楠素B （4-acetoxydaphmanidinB）(4)。新化合物1-4的结构是通过仔细解析其波谱数据和与已知结构相关的化合物波谱数据比较而确定。脱氧交让木碱（dehydroxymacropodumineA）(1) 具有罕见的11元环的大环内酯结构,是从自然界中分到的第二个具有这一新颖结构特征的生物碱。     

Evollionines A–C,Three New Alkaloids Isolated from the Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa

A phytochemical study of the CHCl₃ extract of the dried unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss. ) Benth. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of three new alkaloids, evollionines A–C ( 1 – 3 , resp.), together with two known compounds, evodianinine and wuzhuyumide I. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic evidence and confirmed in the case of compound 1 by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.     

Three New Alkaloids,Paxiphyllines C – E,from Daphniphyllum paxianum

Nine Daphniphyllum alkaloids, including three new ones, paxiphyllines C–E ( 1 – 3 , resp.), were isolated from the twigs and the leaves of Daphniphyllum paxianum. Paxiphylline C ( 1 ) represents the first example of Daphniphyllum alkaloids with a carbonyldioxy group. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.     

Three New ent‐Labdane Diterpenoids from the Wood of Excoecaria agallocha Linn.

An extensive study of metabolites present in Excoecaria agallocha Linn . led to the isolation of three new ent‐labdane‐type diterpenoids, named agallochaexcoerins A–C ( 1 – 3 ), besides three known compounds. The skeleton present in compound 1 is rather unusual, containing of a seven‐membered lactone. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies and comparison with known related compounds. The isolated compounds 1 – 6 were not active against Raw 264.7 (macrophage‐like), K 562 (leukemia), and COLO 205 (colon) human carcinoma cell lines.     

Bis‐Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum tanguticum var. trichocarpum

Phytochemical investigation of the whole herbs of Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim .) Stapf var. trichocarpum Hand.‐Mazz . led to the isolation of one heteratisine‐hetidine‐type bis‐diterpenoid alkaloid, trichocarpidine ( 1 ), three hetidine‐hetisine type bis‐diterpenoid alkaloids, trichocarpinine A–C ( 2 – 4 , resp.), together with nine known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses.     

Xylocosides A – G,Phenolic Glucosides from the Stems of Xylosma controversum

Seven new phenolic glucosides, xylocosides A–G ( 1 – 7 ), together with 18 known compounds were isolated from the stems of Xylosma controversum Clos . In compounds 3 – 6 , the glucose residue is esterified at C(6) by 2‐hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid. These new structures were established by spectroscopic‐data interpretation and chemical methods.     

Six New Dammarane Triterpenoids from Viburnum cylindricum

One new dammarane triterpenoid, cylindrictone A ( 1 ), as well as five new nor‐dammarane triterpenoids cylindrictone B–F ( 2 – 6 ) were isolated from the leaves of Viburnum cylindrium, together with three known compounds 3β‐hydroxy‐hexanordammaran‐20‐one ( 7 ), 3α‐hydroxyoctanordammar‐12‐en‐17‐one ( 8 ), and neoalsogenin B ( 9 ). Their structures were identified by extensive NMR‐spectroscopic (especially 2D‐NMR) and mass‐spectrometric experiments, and the structure of 3 was further confirmed by a single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The compounds exhibited no activity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cell.     

Phochinenins A – F,Dimeric 9,10‐Dihydrophenanthrene Derivatives,from Pholidota chinensis

Six new compounds, phochinenins A–F ( 1 – 6 ), dimerized from 9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene and dihydrostilbene through direct coupling or an oxygen bridge, along with eight known compounds, were isolated from the whole plants of Pholidota chinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic investigations (1D‐, 2D‐NMR, and HR‐EI‐MS).     

Steroidal Alkaloids from the Roots and Rhizomes of Vertrum nigrum L.

Two new steroidal alkaloids, neoverapatuline ( 1 ) and (1β,3α,5β)‐1,3‐dihydroxyjervanin‐12‐en‐11‐one ( 2 ), together with the four known compounds, veratramine ( 3 ), rubijervine ( 4 ), veratrosine ( 5 ), and veratroylzygadenine ( 6 ), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum L. Their structures were established through combined analyses of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic evidence. All compounds 1 – 6 were tested for their cytotoxicities in vitro against the human glioma cell line SF188.     

New Polyketides Isolated from Botryosphaeria australis Strain ZJ12‐1A

Four new polyketides, botryosphaerones A–D ( 1 – 4 , resp.), were obtained from the fermentation culture of Botryosphaeria australis strain ZJ12‐1A, together with four known compounds, O‐methylasparvenone ( 5 ), 6‐ethyl‐2,7‐dimethoxyjuglon ( 6 ) and its monoacetyl derivative 7 , and O‐methylaspmenone ( 8 ). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR experiments, and HR‐Q‐TOF mass spectrometry, and by comparison with reported data. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Only compounds 6 and 7 showed cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities, as already reported.     

Three New Xanthones from the Fungus Penicillium sp. NH‐7‐1

Three new xanthones, drimiopsins G–I ( 1 – 3 , resp.), and two known congeners, griseoxanthone C ( 4 ) and norlichexanthone ( 5 ), were isolated from a fungal isolate, Penicillium sp. NH‐7‐1. The structures of all compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with literature reports, and the structure of compound 1 was further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.     

Iridoids from the Roots of Valeriana jatamansi

Three new iridoids, jatamanins N–P ( 1 – 3 ), along with the seven known iridiods 4 – 10 , were isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Compound 1 is an unusual iridoid bearing two epoxy bridges between C(3) and C(6) and between C(1) and C(10), forming a unique cage‐like rigid skeleton. The structures of the new compounds were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic methods.     

Five New Tetranortriterpenoids from the Seeds of Toona ciliata

Five new tetranortriterpenoids, toonaciliatones B–F ( 1 – 5 , resp.), together with four known compounds, dihydrocedrelone ( 6 ), cedrelone ( 7 ), 6α‐acetoxyazadirone ( 8 ), and 6α‐acetoxy‐14β,15β‐epoxyazadirone ( 9 ), were isolated from the seeds of Toona ciliata. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy.     

Steroidal Alkaloids from Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) Loes. f. with Genotoxicity on Brain Cell DNA in Mice

Two new steroidal alkaloids, 2β‐hydroxyverdine ( 1 ) and tomatillidine 3‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 2 ), were isolated from the root and rhizome of Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz .) Loes . f., together with four known compounds, i.e., 16‐O‐(2‐methylbutyroyl)germine ( 3 ), veramitaline ( 4 ), jervine ( 5 ), and veratroylzygadenine ( 6 ). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with data in literature. Compounds 1 – 6 exhibited genotoxicity on brain cell DNA of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex in mice, evaluated by using single‐cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay).     

Five New Aromatic Glycosides from Carthamus tinctorius

Five new aromatic glycosides, 1 – 5 , named as carthamosides B₄–B₈, together with three known compounds, 4′‐(hydroxyphenacyl)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 6 ), benzyl‐O‐α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 7 ), and 4‐(methoxybenzyl)‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranoside ( 8 ), have been isolated from the air‐dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius. Their structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods.