A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Novel Isoxazolyl‐Benzo[d]Pyrazino[2,1‐b] [1,3]Oxazoles

Synthesis of novel 2‐3‐methyl‐5‐[(E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐ethenyl]‐4‐isoxazolyl‐4,10a‐diaryl‐1,10a‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[d]pyrazino[2,1‐b][1,3]oxazoles 5 were simply achieved by the reaction of 2‐[3‐methyl‐5‐[(E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐ethenyl]‐4‐isoxazolyl(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)amino]‐1‐aryl‐1‐ethanones 3 with o‐aminophenol 4 in the presence of CAN catalyst. The intermediates, 2‐[3‐methyl‐5‐[(E)‐2‐aryl‐1‐ethenyl]‐4‐isoxazolyl(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)amino]‐1‐aryl‐1‐ethanones 3 , were prepared by the reaction of 4‐amino‐3‐methyl‐5‐styrylisoxazole 1 , with phenacylbromides 2 in ethanol in the presence of K₂CO₃. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds 3a , 3b , 3c , 3d , 3e , 3f , 3g , 3h , 3i , 3j , 3k , 3l and 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h , 5i , 5j , 5k , 5l have been confirmed by analytical and spectral data.     

Diastereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐6‐(2‐Oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐indol‐3‐ylidene)‐3,3a,9,9a‐tetrahydroimidazo[4,5‐e]thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazin‐2,7(1H,6H)‐diones

Two efficient and diastereoselective procedures for the synthesis of (Z)‐6‐(2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐indol‐3‐ylidene)‐3,3a,9,9a‐tetrahydroimidazo[4,5‐e]thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazin‐2,7(1H,6H)‐diones by aldol‐crotonic condensation of 1,3‐dimethyl‐3a,9a‐diphenyl‐3,3a,9,9a‐tetrahydroimidazo[4,5‐e]thiazolo[3,2‐b]‐1,2,4‐triazin‐2,7(1H,6H)‐dione with isatins under acidic or basic catalysis are reported. Isomerization in (Z)‐7‐(1‐allyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐3H‐indol‐3‐ylidene)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐3a,9a‐diphenyl‐1,3a,4,9a‐tetrahydroimidazo[4,5‐e]thiazolo[2,3‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazin‐2,8(3H,7H)‐dione was observed under basic conditions.     

Ring‐ring interconversions. Part 3. On the effect of the substituents on the thiazole moiety in the ring‐opening/ring‐closing reactions of nitrosoimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazoles with hydrochloric acid

The reaction of 6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐nitrosoimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole 1b , 6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐methyl‐5‐nitrosoimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole 1c , 6‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,3‐dimethyl‐5‐nitrosoimidazo‐[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole 1d and 2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐nitrosobenzo[d]imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole 1e with hydrochloric acid has been carried out in order to investigate the effect of substituents on the thiazole ring in a recently reported ring‐ring interconversion reaction. In every case the corresponding [1,4]‐thiazino[3,4‐c][1,2,4]oxadiazol‐3‐ones 2b‐e have been obtained. In particular, the benzoderivative 1e furnished the 4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐4H‐benzo[5,6][1,4]thiazino[3,4‐c][1,2,4]oxadiazol‐1‐one 2e , containing a new tricyclic system with a quasi‐planar geometry whose pharmacological potentialities appear promising.     

Synthesiss of novel 3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]quinoxalines with algicidal activity

The reaction of the quinoxaline N‐oxide 1 with thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde gave 6‐chloro‐2‐[1‐methyl‐2‐(2‐thienylmethylene)hydrazino]quinoxaline 4‐oxide 5 , whose reaction with 2‐chloroacrylonitrile afforded 8‐chloro‐2,3‐dihydro‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1H‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]quinoxaline‐5‐carbonitrile 6 . The reaction of compound 6 with various alcohols in the presence of a base effected alcoholysis to provide the 5‐alkoxy‐8‐chloro‐2,3,4,6‐tetrahydro‐1‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1H‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]‐quinoxalines 7a‐d . The reaction of compounds 7a and 7b with diethyl azodicarboxylate effected dehydrogenation to give the 5‐alkoxy‐8‐chloro‐4,6‐dihydro‐1‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐3‐(2‐thienyl)‐1H‐1,2‐diazepino[3,4‐b]‐quinoxalines 8a and 8b , respectively. Compounds 8a and 8b were found to show good algicidal activities against Selenastrum capricornutum and Nitzchia closterium.     

Regioselective Synthesis of Amino Substituted Indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones and Pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐2‐carbonitriles Catalyzed by 2‐1′‐Methylimidazolium‐3‐yl‐1‐ethyl Sulfate

The regioselective reactions of luminol with 1,3‐cyclohexanedione (or malononitrile) and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by 2‐1′‐methylimidazolium‐3‐yl‐1‐ethyl sulfate were developed to synthesize 7‐amino‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐1,6,11(13H)‐triones and 3,9‐diamino‐5,10‐dihydro‐5,10‐dioxo‐1H‐pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐2‐carbonitriles in good to excellent yields in short times.     

A convenient one‐pot synthesis of new 3‐(4‐aryl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐2‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones

Anhydrous zinc bromide catalysed reactions of arylidine‐3‐acetyl coumarins ( 1a‐c ) and 5,6‐benzoanalogs of arylidine 3‐acetyl coumarins ( 4a,4b ) with 1,3‐cyclohexanedione gives ‐(4‐aryl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐2yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones ( 3a, 3c ) and 5,6‐benzoanalogs of 3‐(4‐aryl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐2yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one ( 5a,5b ). Under similar conditions arylidine‐3‐acetylcoumarins ( 1a, 1b,1d, 1e, 1f ) and 5,6‐benzoanalog of arylidine 3‐acetyl coumarin ( 4b ) react with 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione (dimedone) yielding 3‐(4‐aryl‐7,7‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐2‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones ( 3d‐3h ) and the 5,6‐benzoanalog of 3.(4‐aryl‐7,7‐dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐chromen‐2‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one ( 5c ).     

Imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles,imidazo[2,1‐b]imidazoles and Pyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazoles. synthesis,structure and evaluation of benzodiazepine receptor binding

As a continuation of our studies on bicyclic heterocycles with benzodiazepine receptor affinity, derivatives with a 5:5 bicyclic skeleton, namely imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles, imidazo[2,1‐b]imidazoles and pyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazoles were prepared. The compounds possessed an aromatic substituent with different spatial arrangement and distance to the bicyclic skeleton. X‐ray structure analysis was performed for Z‐2‐(4‐chlorobenzylidene)‐5,5‐diphenyl‐2,3,5,6‐tetrahydroimidazo[2,1‐b]imidazoline‐3,6‐dione ( 6a ) and 5‐amino‐6‐cyano‐7‐phenyl‐1‐oxo‐3‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazole ( 20a ). In contrast to the previously described arylideneimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazepinones the smaller heterocyclic ring systems investigated in this study were devoid of meaningful benzodiazepine receptor affinity as well as anti‐convulsant activity.     

Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogs of α‐aminoadipic Acid and its Esters Based on Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]Thiazole

A method for the preparation of heterocyclic analogs of α‐aminoadipic acid and its esters based on the imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole ring system was developed. In this method, free‐radical bromination of ethyl 6‐methylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole‐5‐carboxylate with NBS afforded a versatile building block, ethyl 6‐bromomethylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole‐5‐carboxylate. Coupling of ethyl 6‐bromomethylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole‐5‐carboxylate with Schöllkopf's chiral auxiliary followed by acidic hydrolysis generated ethyl 6‐[(2S)‐2‐amino‐3‐methoxy‐3‐oxopropyl]imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazole‐5‐carboxylate. A similar procedure using diethyl (Boc‐amino)malonate yielded racemic 2‐amino‐3‐[(5‐ethoxycarbonyl)imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3]thiazol‐6‐yl]propanoic acid.     

An Innovative Protocol for the Synthesis of 3‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)‐5‐sec‐aminobiphenyl‐4‐carbonitriles and 9,10‐Dihydro‐3‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1‐sec‐aminophenanthrene‐2‐carbonitriles

Herein, we present an innovative, novel, and highly convenient protocol for the synthesis of 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐5‐sec‐aminobiphenyl‐4‐carbonitriles ( 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f , 6g ) and 9,10‐dihydro‐3‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1‐sec‐aminophenanthrene‐2‐carbonitriles ( 10a , 10b , 10c , 10d , 10e ), which have been delineated from the reaction of 4‐sec‐amino‐2‐oxo‐6‐aryl‐2H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitrile ( 4a , 4b , 4c , 4d , 4e , 4f , 4g ) and 4‐sec‐amino‐2‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[h]chromene‐3‐carbonitriles ( 9a , 9b , 9c , 9d , 9e ) with 2‐acetylpyridine ( 5 ) through the ring transformation reaction by using KOH/DMF system at RT. The salient feature of this procedure is to provide a transition metal‐free route for the synthesis of asymmetrical 1,3‐teraryls like 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐5‐sec‐aminobiphenyl‐4‐carbonitriles ( 6a , 6b , 6c , 6d , 6e , 6f , 6g ) and 9,10‐dihydro‐3‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1‐sec‐aminophenanthrene‐2‐carbonitriles ( 10a , 10b , 10c , 10d , 10e ). The novelty of the reaction lies in the creation of an aromatic ring from 2H‐pyran‐2‐ones and 2H‐benzo[h]chromene‐3‐carbonitriles via two‐carbon insertion from 2‐acetylpyridine ( 5 ) used as a source of carbanion.     

A new dimerization reaction producing 2‐amino‐9‐oxopyrrolo‐[2,1‐b]quinazoline‐1‐carbonitriles and analogous pyrrolo‐[1,2‐a]thieno[3,2‐d] pyrimidinecar bonitriles

A series of 2‐alkylthio‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinazolineacetonitriles 4 and 2‐alkylthio‐4‐oxothieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine‐3‐acetonitriles 8 was prepared. Upon treatment with sodium hydride, compounds 4 and 8 react to give 2‐amino‐4,9‐dihydro‐9‐oxopyrrolo[2,1‐b]quinazoline‐1‐carbonitriles 9 and 6‐amino‐4,9‐dihydro‐9‐oxopyrrolo[1,2‐a]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine‐7‐carbonitriles 10 , respectively. The transformation of compounds 4 and 8 to the tricyclic aminonitriles 9 and 10 involves a dimerization step followed by a pyrrole cyclization. The tert‐butyl ester derivatives 4d and 8d upon treatment with sodium hydride underwent a Thorpe‐Ziegler cyclization to provide enaminoesters of fused 1,3‐thiazines ( 16 and 17 , respectively) as major products.     

Novel Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐4‐oxo‐(2H)‐pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido‐[2,1‐b]benzothiazole and its 2‐ and 3‐Substituted Derivatives

Reaction of 4H‐pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazole‐2‐thiomethyl‐3‐cyano‐4‐one (1) with hydrazine hydrate/aryl hydrazine/heteryl hydrazine in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and dimethyl formamide afforded 3‐amino‐4‐oxo‐(2H)/aryl/heteryl pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐b]benzothiazoles in good yield. These pyrazole derivatives on diazotization followed by replacement with hydroxy, chloro, bromo, iodo and on reduction gave the corresponding 3‐substituted derivatives.     

Strategy to Construct Stair‐Shaped Partially Reduced Naphtho[1,2‐b]pyrano[2,3‐d]oxepines and Dinaphtho[1,2‐b,d]oxepines

A concise and efficient base‐induced synthesis of stair‐shaped, 4‐methylthio‐2‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐naphtho[1,2‐b]pyran[2,3‐d]oxepine‐3‐carbonitriles ( 3 ) has been delineated by the reaction of 3,4‐dihydronaphtho[1,2‐b]oxepin‐5(2H)‐one ( 1 ) and methyl 2‐cyano‐3,3‐dimethylthioacrylate in DMSO using powdered KOH as a base at room temperature. Amination of 3 has been achieved by reaction with secondary amine in ethanol at reflux temperature to yield 4‐sec‐amino‐2‐oxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐naphtho[1,2‐b]pyran[2,3‐d]oxepine‐3‐carbonitriles ( 4 ). Reaction of 3 with aryl methyl ketone ( 5 ) in DMSO at room temperature using powdered KOH as a base produced stair‐shaped 5‐aryl‐7,8‐dihydro‐1,4‐dioxa‐2,3‐dioxodinaphtho[1,2‐b,d]oxepine ( 6 ) in good yields. However, reaction of 6‐aryl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one‐3‐carbonitrile ( 8 ) with 3,4‐dihydronaphtho[1,2‐b]oxepin‐5(2H)‐one ( 1 ) did not give similar product, but in lieu 4‐aryl‐5,6‐dihydronaphtho[1,2‐b]oxepino[4,5‐b]pyran‐2‐ylidene)acetonitrile ( 9 ) was isolated and characterized.     

Simple synthesis of 2‐amino‐4‐(het)aryl‐4,6‐dihydro‐1(3)(11)H‐[1,3,5]triazino[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐6‐ones

The 2‐amino‐4‐(het)aryl‐4,6‐dihydro‐1(3)(11)H‐[1,3,5]triazino[2,1‐b]quinazolin‐6‐ones were prepared readily by cyclocondensation of anthranilic acid derived 4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolinyl‐2‐guanidine with a variety of aldehydes. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by nmr spectroscopy, including 2D NOESY experiments.     

Synthesis of benzo[b][1,4]thiazepines by the reaction of 3‐aryl‐1‐(3‐coumarinyl)propen‐1‐ones with 2‐aminothiophenol

3‐(2‐Aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐benzo[b][1,4]thiazepin‐4‐yl)chromen‐2‐ones ( 2a, e, f ) and (Z)‐3‐(2,3‐dihydro‐2‐arylbenzo[b][1,4]thiazepin‐4(5H)‐ylidene)chroman‐2‐ones ( 3a‐f ) have been synthesized by the reaction of 3‐aryl‐1‐(3‐coumarinyl)propen‐1‐ones ( 1a‐f ) with 2‐aminothiophenol in a hot mixture of toluene and acetic acid. Structures of all new compounds and their complete ¹H and ¹³C assignments were achieved applying different one‐ and two‐dimensional nmr experiments in combination with various spectroscopic techniques.     

Novel Stereoselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized 2H‐Indeno[2,1‐b]furans

An easy access to densely functionalized 2H‐indeno[2,1‐b]furans is presented starting from triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, alcohols (propargyl alcohol, 2,2,2‐trichloroethanol, and methanol), and ninhydrin. The stereochemistry of dimethyl 8‐oxo‐8a‐(2,2,2‐trichloroethoxy)‐8,8a‐dihydro‐2H‐indeno[2,1‐b]furan‐2,3‐dicarboxylate was established by single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination. The reaction is completely stereoselective.     

A Novel Route to 1‐Substituted 3‐(Dialkylamino)‐9‐oxo‐9H‐indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles

Heptalenecarbaldehydes 1 / 1′ as well as aromatic aldehydes react with 3‐(dicyanomethylidene)‐indan‐1‐one in boiling EtOH and in the presence of secondary amines to yield 3‐(dialkylamino)‐1,2‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐9H‐indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles (Schemes 2 and 4, and Fig. 1). The 1,2‐dihydro forms can be dehydrogenated easily with KMnO₄ in acetone at 0° (Scheme 3) or chloranil (=2,3,5,6‐tetrachlorocyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐dione) in a ‘one‐pot’ reaction in dioxane at ambient temperature (Table 1). The structures of the indeno[2,1‐c]pyridine‐4‐carbonitriles 5′ and 6a have been verified by X‐ray crystal‐structure analyses (Fig. 2 and 4). The inherent merocyanine system of the dihydro forms results in a broad absorption band in the range of 515–530 nm in their UV/VIS spectra (Table 2 and Fig. 3). The dehydrogenated compounds 5, 5′ , and 7a – 7f exhibit their longest‐wavelength absorption maximum at ca. 380 nm (Table 2). In contrast to 5 and 5′, 7a – 7f in solution exhibit a blue‐green fluorescence with emission bands at around 460 and 480 nm (Table 4 and Fig. 5).     

Novel 3‐(2‐Oxo‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3‐yl)propanoates from Dimethyl‐2‐oxoglutarate and Test of Their Biological Activity

Five novel 3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3‐yl)propanoates were synthesized under mild conditions from 2‐aminophenols and dimethyl‐2‐oxoglutarate. Biological assays of these 1,4‐benzoxazinones were conducted with three bacterial strains and one yeast. All compounds were active against a Candida albicans ATCC 10231, whereas only methyl 3‐(6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3‐yl)propanoate showed a general moderate activity against the bacterial strains tested.     

Synthesis of dihydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines by the reaction of 2‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐furancarbonitriles with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds

The reactions of 2‐amino‐4,5‐dihydro‐3‐furancarbonitriles 1a‐d with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the presence of sodium ethoxide (0.1 equivalent) gave the corresponding Michael adducts 2a‐d , 3a‐d and 4a‐d. Compounds 2a‐d and 3a‐c reacted with sodium alkoxide (1 equivalent) to yield the corresponding 7a‐alkoxyhexahydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines 5a‐d, 6a‐d, 7a‐c and 8a‐c . Treatment of 5a‐d, 6a‐d, 7a‐c and 8a‐c with potassium tert‐butoxide produced the corresponding dihydrofuro[2,3‐b]pyridines 9a‐d and 10a‐c . The reaction of 4a‐c with sodium ethoxide (1 equivalent) afforded the corresponding dihydro‐furo[2,3‐b]pyridines 11a‐c .     

An efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis furo[3,4‐b]‐[4,7] phenanthroline and indeno[2,1‐b][4,7]phenanthroline derivatives in water

A series of furo[3,4‐b][4,7]phenanthroline and indeno[2,1‐b][4,7]phenanthroline derivatives were synthesized via a three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 6‐aminoquinoline and either tetronic acid or 1,3‐indanedione in water, under microwave irradiation without use of any catalyst. This green procedure offers several advantages including operational simplicity, clean reaction, and increased safety for small‐scale high‐speed synthesis.     

A convenient route to pyridones,pyrazolo[2,3‐a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[5,1‐c]triazines incorporating antipyrine moiety

Condensation of 4‐aminoantipyrine with ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl benzoylacetate, and ethyl cyanoacetate furnished the corresponding ethyl 3‐(1,2‐dihydro‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)aminoacrylate and 2‐cyano‐N‐[(1,2‐dihydro‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)]acetamide derivatives. The aminoacrylates derivatives react with acetonitrile and sodium hydride to give 2‐amino‐6‐methyl‐1‐(1,2‐dihydro‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐4‐pyridone. Reaction of the cyanoacetamide derivative with dimethylformamide‐dimethylacetal (DMF‐DMA) afforded 2‐cyano‐N‐[1,2‐dihydro‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)methylene acetamide in high yield. Treatment of the latter with 5‐aminopyrazole derivatives afforded the corresponding pyrazolo[2,3‐a]pyrimidines. 2‐cyano‐N‐[(1,2‐dihydro‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐3‐oxo‐3H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)]acetamide also reacts with heterocyclic diazonium salts to give the corresponding pyrazolo[5,1‐c]‐1,2,4‐triazine derivatives. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 15:508–514, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20046