IDUS、CT和MRCP对胆道恶性梗阻的诊断价值

目的探讨腔内超声（IDUS）、CT和磁共振胰胆管造影（MRCP）和对胆道恶性梗阻的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析53例胆道恶性梗阻患者的IDUS、CT和MRCP检查结果,比较3种影像学检查方法对胆道恶性梗阻的图像特征和诊断情况。结果IDUS、CT和MRCP对胆道恶性梗阻定位诊断准确率分别为65.31%、82.98%和82.93%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;而定性诊断准确率分别为63.27%、74.47%和75.61%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。3种影像学检查方法均能显示胆道恶性梗阻的部位、数量和回声/密度/信号特征：CT和MRCP对壶腹癌定位诊断、胰头癌定性诊断均有较高符合率。IDUS对胆管狭窄性质的阴性预测能力明显高于CT和MRCP（P＜0.05）。结论IDUS、CT和MRCP均能清晰显示胆道恶性梗阻的特征,各有优势,具有较高的应用价值。     

术前超声双重造影检查对胃癌患者胃周淋巴结转移的评估价值

目的探讨超声双重造影检查（DCUS）在不同部位胃癌术前淋巴结转移评估中的应用价值。方法选择180例胃癌患者,手术前3～5d内均进行DCUS及螺旋CT检查,对不同部位的胃癌患者术前均进行淋巴结分站评估,与术后病理检查结果对照得出正确率,并进行相互间比较。结果 DCUS和螺旋CT检查对远端胃切除患者淋巴结转移判断正确率分别为86.0%和83.9%,对全胃切除患者的判断正确率分别为82.5%和85.0%,两种检查方法判断准确率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;DCUS对近端胃切除患者淋巴结转移判断正确率为66.0%,明显低于螺旋CT检查的85.1%,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论胃癌术前淋巴结转移评价中,超声双重造影检查判断正确率与螺旋CT相当,仅对贲门胃底部癌判断正确率略低。     

血清C 反应蛋白在预测非创伤性急腹症的CT表现的价值

目的 探讨C 反应蛋白（CRP）急性期快速上升能否可靠预测非创伤性急腹症的CT 检查阳性表现。方法 收集CRP 检测后24h内行腹盆、腔CT扫描的非创伤性急腹症患者121 例,其中男57例,女64例,平均年龄57岁。近期手术、已知恶性肿瘤、炎症性肠病除外。CT表现由2 位放射科医师阅片并一致后进行分类。结果 CRP 正常CT 检查阳性16 人,阴性15 人,随着CRP 升高,CT 检查阳性率也随着升高,灵敏度下降,特异度增高,似然比也随之增高,当CRP 在130mg/L 水平以上时,其灵敏度与特异度分别为31.4%、90.9%,阳性似然比为3.14。结论 CRP阴性的非创伤性急腹症患者,不能除外CT 检查,随着血清CRP 水平升高,CT检查阳性率及阳性似然比也随之升高。     

CT在腺瘤性结节性甲状腺肿和乳头状甲状腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨CT在腺瘤性结节性甲状腺肿（ANG）和乳头状甲状腺癌（PTC）鉴别诊断中的价值。方法搜集经病理证实的105例112枚ANG和181例196枚PTC的CT资料,对性别、年龄、瘤体的形态、甲状腺边缘中断征、钙化、强化程度、增强后边界、淋巴结转移进行分析,统计强化程度高于周围甲状腺对ANG的诊断和甲状腺边缘中断征对PTC的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、准确度。结果 ANG和PTC在瘤体形态、甲状腺边缘中断征、细钙化、粗钙化、强化程度、增强后瘤体边缘等方面均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,而在是否多发、环状钙化方面均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）。181例PTC中,淋巴结转移75例。强化程度高于周围甲状腺对ANG诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、准确度分别为67.9%、100%、100%、87.6%。甲状腺边缘中断征对PTC诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、准确度分别为87.0%、91.1%、93.6%、88.6%。结论瘤体形态规则、强化程度高于周围甲状腺有助于ANG的诊断,而瘤体形态不规则、甲状腺边缘中断征、细钙化、粗钙化、淋巴结转移等有助于PTC的诊断;是否多发和环状钙化对ANG和PTC的鉴别诊断无意义。     

血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4联合检测对胃癌诊断的价值

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物联合检测在胃癌诊断中的应用价值。方法 采用电化学发光分析法测定经病理检查证实的127 例各期胃癌患者和105 例胃良性病变及98 例健康体检者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4 水平并进行统计和分析,计算单项检测与联合检测诊断胃癌的灵敏度及特异度并作比较。结果 胃癌患者的CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4水平均明显高于胃良性病变患者及正常对照者, 差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;胃良性病变患者与正常对照者比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。3 项指标联合检测诊断胃癌的灵敏度达87.4%,明显高于其他任一单项检测的灵敏度,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;3 项联合检测的特异度为52.7%,虽明显低于其他任一单项检测的特异度,但差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。胃癌术后复发者CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4 的水平明显高于未复发者,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）。结论 血清多项肿瘤标记物联合检测有助于提高胃癌诊断的阳性率。     

超声检查在鼻咽癌放疗后颈动脉损伤中的应用价值

目的探讨超声检查在鼻咽癌放疗后颈动脉损伤中的应用价值。方法接受放疗并随访2年以上的鼻咽癌患者40例作为放疗组，对照组30例为新诊断还未实施放疗的鼻咽癌患者，应用彩色多普勒超声检查，记录患者颈动脉狭窄部位和狭窄程度，主要检测指标有：颈动脉管腔内径，内膜-中层厚度，斑块部位、大小、形态、回声及颈动脉血流情况，同时分析两组间相关危险因素对疾病的影响。结果两组间相关危险因素如年龄、性别、高血压、高脂血症、高血糖、吸烟等差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05），但两组间颈动脉损伤发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。放疗组患者内膜-中层厚度明显大于对照组，发生狭窄情况远远高于对照组。颈动脉狭窄率＞50%仅见于放疗组。结论鼻咽癌患者放疗可导致颈动脉的内膜-中层厚度增加、形成斑块继而发生狭窄，而超声检查在颈动脉损伤的早期发现、早期预防及术后疗效评估中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

永存原始玻璃体增生症的超声诊断价值

目的 探讨永存原始玻璃体增生症（PHPV）的超声表现，以提高对本病的诊断准确率。方法 回顾性分析9例经病 理检查证实的PHPV 患儿的超声表现，其中8例经超声检查确诊。结果 9 例（10 眼）PHPV 患儿在超声上均表现为患侧小眼球，眼轴缩短，玻璃体无回声区内出现从晶状体后连接到视乳头的圆锥形或漏斗状强回声团块，CDFI可见血流信号。5 例（6 眼）患侧眼球晶状体异常，表现为晶状体不同程度变形、轮廓不光滑，晶状体位置后移，前房变浅。3 例（3 眼）患侧玻璃体内出现絮状高回声。2 例（2 眼）患侧视网膜脱离。2 例（2 眼）患侧伴有白内障。超声诊断PHPV 的准确率为88.9%。结论 PHPV 的超声检查具有特征性的表现，有助于该病的鉴别诊断，指导制定治疗方案。     

环介导等温扩增技术在检测痰标本结核分枝杆菌中的应用

目的评价结核分枝杆菌环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）快速检测试剂盒的临床应用效果。方法选取肺结核患者183例（肺结核组）和非肺结核患者120例（对照组）。采用涂片抗酸染色、罗氏培养法和LAMP对痰标本进行检测，采用结核分枝杆菌核酸扩增荧光检测试剂盒（TB- PCR）检测罗氏培养与LAMP结果不符的标本，分析LAMP与罗氏培养的检出率及两者的符合率。结果去除经鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌的10例标本，涂片抗酸染色、罗氏培养法和LAMP的阳性检出率分为64.1%（111/173）、64.7%（112/173）、78.6%（136/173）。LAMP与抗酸染色、罗氏培养阳性检出率的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）,抗酸染色与罗氏培养比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。以罗氏培养为金标准，LAMP检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为88.5%（108/122）、82.3%（149/181）、77.1%（108/140）、91.4%（149/163），LAMP检测与罗氏培养的符合率为84.8%（257/303）。结论结核分枝杆菌环介导等温扩增技术的灵敏度和特异度高，具有简单易行、快速准确的特点,在肺结核患者的早期诊断中将发挥重要作用。     

CT小肠造影和消化内镜检查用于克罗恩病诊断的价值比较

目的探讨CT小肠造影检查和消化内镜对克罗恩病（CD）的诊断价值。方法选取24例CD患者,先行多层螺旋CT小肠造影（MSCT）检查,再行消化内镜检查,其中小肠MSCT检查24例,结肠镜检查22例,胶囊内镜检查2例。结果24例CD病患者小肠MSCT检查显示节段性肠壁增厚并异常强化,肠腔狭窄5例,木梳征5例,肠系膜淋巴结增生10例,腹腔脓肿1例,不完全肠梗阻2例。小肠MSCT检查中病变范围累积结肠22例,回肠24例,盲肠5例,直肠1例。小肠MSCT检查的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为40％、77％、67％、67％,消化内镜为36％、61％、44％、53％。结论小肠MSCT检查是诊断小肠CD的一种有效的检查方法,并可判断病变的活动期,能较好的评估活动性CD,对指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

声速匹配组织量化技术对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎定量评价的初步应用研究

目的探讨声速匹配组织量化（SVQ）技术定量评价非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）的可行性和临床应用价值。方法选取经肝穿刺或临床资料证实的非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝（NAFL）及NASH患者各20例,并选取健康体检者20例作为对照组,分别采集3组受试者临床相关资料,进行SVQ检测,采集声速匹配值（ZSI）和组织声速（SV）。结果3组受试者在年龄、身高、体重方面均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）,BMI、ZSI和SV均存在统计学差异（均P＜0.01）。SVQ技术诊断NASH的AUC为0.801。以SV=1527m/s作为临界点,判断NASH的灵敏度、特异度分别为95.20%、70.60%。结论SVQ技术定量评价NASH是可行的,具有很好的临床应用价值。     

RECENT PROGRESS ON SPHERICAL HARMONIC APPROXIMATION MADE BY BNU RESEARCH GROUP ——In memory of Professor Sun Yongsheng

As early as in 1990, Professor Sun Yongsheng, suggested his students at Beijing Normal University to consider research problems on the unit sphere. Under his guidance and encouragement his students started the research on spherical harmonic analysis and approximation. In this paper, we incompletely introduce the main achievements in this area obtained by our group and relative researchers during recent 5 years （2001-2005）. The main topics are： convergence of Cesaro summability, a.e. and strong summability of Fourier-Laplace series; smoothness and K-functionals; Kolmogorov and linear widths.     

On a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments in higher order Wiener chaoses

We study a class of self-similar processes with stationary increments belonging to higher order Wiener chaoses which are similar to Hermite processes. We obtain an almost sure wavelet-like expansion of these processes. This allows us to compute the pointwise and local Hölder regularity of sample paths and to analyse their behaviour at infinity. We also provide some results on the Hausdorff dimension of the range and graphs of multidimensional anisotropic self-similar processes with stationary increments defined by multiple Wiener–Itô integrals.     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

On a class of Riemann surfaces

It is considered the class of Riemann surfaces with dimT1 = 0, where T1 is a subclass of exact harmonic forms which is one of the factors in the orthogonal decomposition of the spaceΩH of harmonic forms of the surface, namely The surfaces in the class OHD and the class of planar surfaces satisfy dimT1 = 0. A.Pfluger posed the question whether there might exist other surfaces outside those two classes. Here it is shown that in the case of finite genus g, we should look for a surface S with dimT1 = 0 among the surfaces of the form Sg\K , where Sg is a closed surface of genus g and K a compact set of positive harmonic measure with perfect components and very irregular boundary.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].     

Boundedness for commutators of multipliers on Hardy type spaces

In this paper, we study the commutators generalized by multipliers and a BMO function. Under some assumptions, we establish its boundedness properties from certain atomic Hardy space Hb^p（R^n） into the Lebesgue space L^p with p 〈 1.