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《催化学报》2017,(8)
含N杂环结构广泛存在于具有生物活性的药物或天然产物骨架中.本文开发了一个高效合成含N杂环骨架的方法,这类方法在近年来一直是研究热点.在最近几年,过渡金属催化C-H键活化并随后与不饱和键发生环化反应被认为是一种环境友好且原子经济性高的构建功能化杂环的方法.在这些金属催化的体系中,三价铑催化与炔烃的环化反应体系,被认为是一种高效且有实际意义的合成含N杂环的体系.在这类体系,特别是构建六元环的体系中,炔烃通常作为一个C2合成子被广泛应用.为了克服这一局限性,Chang课题组和本课题组分别独立报道了通过三价铑催化,炔烃与芳烃硝酮偶联合成吲哚啉化合物,其中炔烃作为一个C1合成子参与反应.另一方面,本课题组还报道了炔丙醇与吡咯烷苯甲酰胺通过C-H键活化合成1-异色满酮结构,其中由于电子效应,芳基-铑物种对于炔烃的插入是在炔烃的2位.基于上述工作,本文希望通过置换炔丙醇中芳基与烷基的位置,使芳基-铑物种对于炔烃插入的方向发生改变,进而生成联烯中间体,然后发生环化反应生成五元环内酰胺结构.异吲哚啉酮骨架结构也是一类重要的含N杂环结构,广泛存在于多种天然产物及药物分子中,其合成方法受到广泛关注.尽管此前已有三价铑催化C-H官能团化的方法来构建异吲哚啉酮骨架结构,但通常需要活性极高或易爆的化合物作为反应底物.因此,本文报道一类以简单的炔丙醇与N-甲氧基苯甲酰胺作为起始原料,通过一步[4+1]环化合成异吲哚啉酮骨架结构.本文完成了32个不同官能团取代的异吲哚啉酮骨架结构的合成,反应均可以以中等到良好的收率得到目标产物.另外还进行了放大实验,结果表明可以以克级规模制备异吲哚啉酮化合物,反应剩余的Ag2CO3以及生成的单质银可以回收(收率78%).总之,我们将N-甲氧基苯甲酰胺与炔丙醇在三价铑催化作用下通过C-H键活化的方法环化高效合成N-取代的异吲哚啉酮骨架结构,且该骨架结构含有一个手性中心.催化体系温和,官能团容忍度好. 相似文献
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《催化学报》2016,(8)
异喹啉是非常重要的杂环化合物,广泛应用于有机合成中,也是构成药物和材料分子的核心骨架.很多异喹啉类的生物碱都由异喹啉基本骨架构成,它们都有一定药理活性和生物活性,包括抗真菌、抗癌、抗心律失常、阵痛麻醉和降血压等功效.迄今已知的含异喹啉骨架的生物碱超过1000种,是生物碱中最多的一类.传统的合成异喹啉的方法需要官能化的原料和强酸,反应条件比较苛刻,合成步骤繁琐.例如Larock课题组利用钯催化将邻溴官能化的亚胺与炔烃环化偶联,合成了一系列异喹啉化合物.而过渡金属催化合成异喹啉是一种能够有效合成多种取代基异喹啉的方法.在过去的几十年中,通过碳氢活化策略合成杂环化合物的方法得到迅猛发展,从而使得大量的芳基化合物都能作为反应的起始原料.尤其是铑、铱、钯、钌等过渡金属都能催化芳烃的碳氢活化,从而合成异喹啉化合物.Fagnou课题组最早报道了氧化条件下利用三价铑催化剂经碳氢键活化与炔烃偶联合成异喹啉的方法.随后,众多研究组利用氧化型导向基策略在无外加氧化剂条件下高效、高选择性地合成了异喹啉.除了利用三价铑催化剂之外,利用二价钌催化剂通过碳氢活化策略也能实现类似反应.但是,这些反应体系都必须使用铑和钌等贵金属催化剂,极大地限制了该合成异喹啉方法的应用前景.近年来,数个研究组将地球上储量丰富、便宜有效的钴络合物作为催化剂应用到芳烃的碳氢键活化反应中,在简单的反应条件下合成了各种杂环化合物.对于一些反应,三价钴催化与三价铑催化能形成互补.最近,Kanai,Ackermann和Sundararaju几乎同时报道了三价钴催化肟谜的碳氢键活化,并在无外加氧化剂条件下实现了其与炔烃的偶联反应,高效地合成了异喹啉,在该类反应中以氮–氧键断裂作为内部氧化剂.但是在钴催化条件下氧化性的氮–硫键作为内部氧化剂辅助碳氢键活化的反应尚无报道.本课题组最近报道了芳基酮的N-亚磺酰亚胺与烯烃和胺化试剂的偶联反应,经N–S键断裂,高效合成了喹唑啉.本文利用三价钴催化剂在无外加氧化剂条件下实现了芳基酮N-亚磺酰亚胺与炔烃的偶联,反应经历了碳氢键活化和氮硫键断裂得到异喹啉.此反应对端炔和内炔底物均适用.为了初步了解反应机理,我们利用分子内竞争的方法进行了动力学同位素效应测定,结果表明碳氢键断裂过程可能是反应的决速步骤.结合文献结果,提出了可能的反应机理. 相似文献
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异喹啉是非常重要的杂环化合物,广泛应用于有机合成中,也是构成药物和材料分子的核心骨架。很多异喹啉类的生物碱都由异喹啉基本骨架构成,它们都有一定药理活性和生物活性,包括抗真菌、抗癌、抗心律失常、阵痛麻醉和降血压等功效。迄今已知的含异喹啉骨架的生物碱超过1000种,是生物碱中最多的一类。传统的合成异喹啉的方法需要官能化的原料和强酸,反应条件比较苛刻,合成步骤繁琐。例如Larock课题组利用钯催化将邻溴官能化的亚胺与炔烃环化偶联,合成了一系列异喹啉化合物。而过渡金属催化合成异喹啉是一种能够有效合成多种取代基异喹啉的方法。在过去的几十年中,通过碳氢活化策略合成杂环化合物的方法得到迅猛发展,从而使得大量的芳基化合物都能作为反应的起始原料。尤其是铑、铱、钯、钌等过渡金属都能催化芳烃的碳氢活化,从而合成异喹啉化合物。 Fagnou课题组最早报道了氧化条件下利用三价铑催化剂经碳氢键活化与炔烃偶联合成异喹啉的方法。随后,众多研究组利用氧化型导向基策略在无外加氧化剂条件下高效、高选择性地合成了异喹啉。除了利用三价铑催化剂之外,利用二价钌催化剂通过碳氢活化策略也能实现类似反应。但是,这些反应体系都必须使用铑和钌等贵金属催化剂,极大地限制了该合成异喹啉方法的应用前景。近年来,数个研究组将地球上储量丰富、便宜有效的钴络合物作为催化剂应用到芳烃的碳氢键活化反应中,在简单的反应条件下合成了各种杂环化合物。对于一些反应,三价钴催化与三价铑催化能形成互补。最近, Kanai, Ackermann和Sundararaju几乎同时报道了三价钴催化肟谜的碳氢键活化,并在无外加氧化剂条件下实现了其与炔烃的偶联反应,高效地合成了异喹啉,在该类反应中以氮–氧键断裂作为内部氧化剂。但是在钴催化条件下氧化性的氮–硫键作为内部氧化剂辅助碳氢键活化的反应尚无报道。本课题组最近报道了芳基酮的N-亚磺酰亚胺与烯烃和胺化试剂的偶联反应,经N–S键断裂,高效合成了喹唑啉。本文利用三价钴催化剂在无外加氧化剂条件下实现了芳基酮N-亚磺酰亚胺与炔烃的偶联,反应经历了碳氢键活化和氮硫键断裂得到异喹啉。此反应对端炔和内炔底物均适用。为了初步了解反应机理,我们利用分子内竞争的方法进行了动力学同位素效应测定,结果表明碳氢键断裂过程可能是反应的决速步骤。结合文献结果,提出了可能的反应机理。 相似文献
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采用密度泛函理论研究了双铑催化3-重氮吲哚啉-2-亚胺与2H-吖丙因[3+3]内环化反应过程. 该过程主要包含铑金属卡宾体形成、 C―N键活化裂解和吲哚啉[3+3]内环化反应. 研究结果表明, 双铑催化剂发生偶联作用, 促进C-N偶联及2H-吖丙因C―N键裂解; 反应控速步骤为吲哚[3+3]环化反应过程, 铑催化剂在[3+3]环化前脱出. 对产物吡嗪并吲哚类化合物光电性质的分析表明产物具有较低空穴重组能, 吸收与荧光发射光谱存在较大斯托克斯位移. 因此该产物可作为潜在的空穴传输材料和荧光发射材料. 相似文献
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As a new parametric image of cerebral lesions, a map of the ratio between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the 2nd image of a series of dynamic images was proposed and tested. Three classes (poor, mild and well) were defined based on the degree of coupling between the rCBF and the new parametric image of the affected lesion. In 16 patients with cerebral infarction, those in the acute stage (within 1 week after onset) were found to belong to the poor coupling group, and the subacute group (1 to 4 weeks) showed mild coupling. In the chronic group (over 4 weeks), well coupling was observed. All patients of TIA fell into the mild coupling group. In a stimulation study with 5% CO2 mixed air, all of the well or mild-coupled lesions changed to uncoupled. These clinical findings demonstrate the characteristics of the new proposed image. 相似文献
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DMPAO has been found to be a powerful ligand to enable copper-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with aliphatic acyclic secondary amines take place under relatively mild conditions, and coupling of aryl halides with primary amines and cyclic secondary amines proceeds at low catalyst loading. 相似文献
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Masato Saito Dr. Yusuke Kobayashi Prof. Dr. Yoshiji Takemoto 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(44):10314-10318
The reactions of thioamides with ortho-nitro-substituted iodonium ylides proceeded under mild conditions to give enaminones or thiazoles, depending on the iodonium ylide used. This protocol allowed the use of protic solvents, including aqueous solutions, and therefore coupling reactions with complex molecules such as peptides or steroids were possible. A mild and efficient method for the synthesis of various iodonium ylides was established. DFT calculations suggested that the halogen bonding between a thioamide and iodonium ylide was important in this chemoselective coupling reaction. The potential use of enaminones conjugated with pharmaceuticals as prodrugs was also demonstrated. 相似文献
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Ni-catalyzed ketone formation through mild reductive coupling of a diverse set of unactivated alkyl bromides and iodides with particularly aryl acid anhydrides was successfully developed using zinc as the terminal reductant. These conditions also allow direct coupling of alkyl iodides with aryl acids in the presence of Boc(2)O and MgCl(2). 相似文献
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Efficient Synthesis of Diaryl Ketones by Nickel‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Amides by Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Cleavage at Room Temperature Accelerated by a Solvent Effect 下载免费PDF全文
Shicheng Shi Prof. Dr. Michal Szostak 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(30):10420-10424
The first Negishi cross‐coupling of amides for the synthesis of versatile diaryl ketones by selective C?N bond activation under exceedingly mild conditions is reported. The cross‐coupling was accomplished with bench‐stable, inexpensive precatalyst [Ni(PPh3)2Cl2] that shows high functional‐group tolerance and enables the synthesis of highly functionalized diaryl ketone motifs. The coupling occurred with excellent chemoselectivity favoring the ketone (cf. biaryl) products. Notably, this process represents the mildest conditions for amide N?C bond activation accomplished to date (room temperature, <10 min). Considering the versatile role of polyfunctional biaryl ketone linchpins in modern organic synthesis, availability, and excellent functional‐group tolerance of organozinc reagents, this strategy provides a new platform for amide N?C bond/organozinc cross‐coupling under mild conditions. 相似文献
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Sonogashira cross coupling is a well-known reaction for the formation of carbon–carbon bond. It involves the coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes to synthesize versatile functionalized alkyne scaffolds having diverse applications. Many of the natural products and important pharmaceutical drugs can be obtained through this reaction. In this regard, hectic progress has been put by the synthetic chemists to make this cross coupling more effective. This review article discloses mild and environmental friendly reaction conditions of Sonogashira cross coupling developed during 2013–2018. 相似文献
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Oxidative Coupling of Aryl Boron Reagents with sp3‐Carbon Nucleophiles: The Enolate Chan–Evans–Lam Reaction 下载免费PDF全文
Patrick J. Moon Heather M. Halperin Prof. Rylan J. Lundgren 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(5):1894-1898
Reported is a versatile new oxidative method for the arylation of activated methylene species. Under mild reaction conditions (RT to 40 °C), Cu(OTf)2 mediates the selective coupling of functionalized aryl boron species with a variety of stabilized sp3‐nucleophiles. Tertiary malonates and amido esters can be employed as substrates to generate quaternary centers. Complementing either traditional cross‐coupling or SNAr protocols, the transformation is chemoselective in the presence of halogen electrophiles, including aryl bromides and iodides. Substrates bearing amide, sulfonyl, and phosphonyl groups, which are not amenable to coupling under mild Hurtley‐type conditions, are suitable reaction partners. 相似文献
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Harald Dibowski Franz P. Schmidtchen 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1998,37(4):476-478
The abiotic, regioselective conjugation of peptides and proteins with non-proteinogenic structural elements requires mild and fast coupling reactions which are compatible with an aqueous reaction medium and orthogonal in their reactivity with all other functional groups in the protein. Sonogashira coupling with a palladium–guanidinophosphane catalyst that is prepared in situ (see reaction on the right) complies with these demands. 相似文献
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Pyridine-bridged bis-benzimidazolylidene nickel complexes exhibited very high catalytic activity toward cross coupling of inactive (hetero)aryl benzylic ammonium salts with (hetero)aryl and alkenyl boronic acids under mild reaction conditions. Even at 2 mol% catalyst loading, a wide range of substrates for both coupling partners with different steric and electronic properties were well tolerated. 相似文献
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An efficient palladium-catalyzed copper- and amine-free Sonogashira coupling reaction of aryl bromides and chlorides was studied using a sterically hindered monooxychlorophosphine as new ligand.The use of 2 mol%Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of K2CO3 allows the coupling reaction to proceed at mild condition with good to excellent yields. 相似文献