负载力矩对管路涡轮内流影响的数值预测

为考察管路液力涡轮的水力特性,采用修正k-ε模型对四种负载力矩条件下的管路液力涡轮进行全流道三维湍流数值模拟.分析了管路涡轮叶片表面、叶片间流道和转轮后部的尾流流动,讨论了输出转速以及涡轮水力效率的变化特性及其与内部流动特征的关系,并与试验结果进行了比较.结果表明,设计额定负载下涡轮叶片表面压力梯度分布合理,转轮内流动及尾流流态较好,水力效率最高,高负载条件下转轮内出现较大的叶尖涡和尾流分离涡,水力效率也很低.     

叶片安装角对小轮毂比跨音速压气机性能的影响

本文阐述了叶片安装角对小轮毂比跨音速压气机性能的影响.由于原单级未达到设计性能,故进行了扭叶片和叶片安装角减小的试验.试验结果表明:在设计转速和流量下,压比为1.339,效率为0.864,超过设计值2.2％,较原单级试验效率高5％;级出口总压场和总温场有明显改善,总压场不均度由18％降低到7％,总温场不均度由53％降低到18％;压气机工作点由特性线左支移至右支,并在高效率点附近工作.     

涡轮转速对无导叶对转涡轮流动特性的影响

为了探究无导叶对转涡轮在不同涡轮转速下的流动特性,运用CFD方法对某无导叶对转涡轮模型级的流场进行了三维定常多叶片排的数值模拟.结果表明,涡轮转速的变化对无导叶对转涡轮的喉部位置基本没有影响;随涡轮转速的升高,高压动叶内的激波损失增大,低压动叶内的激波损失减小,源生于低压动叶吸力面上的激波沿吸力面向尾缘移动;对于远离设计点的非设计工况,流动分离损失及低压动叶中的激波损失构成了对转涡轮损失中的主体;涡轮转速的变化对高低压动叶出口气流角及高压动叶出口马赫数的影响作用较大;高低压涡轮出功比、对转涡轮的总功率及等熵效率均随涡轮转速的增大而增大.     

不同叶轮结构的离心泵水力性能试验

本文通过试验分别测量了在同一转速的径向叶轮和弯曲叶轮式离心泵在输送水和碘化钠混合溶液介质时的水力性能,以及在不同转速下弯曲叶轮泵的外特性。结果表明,在试验测试范围内,同一流量下,弯曲叶轮泵的性能比相同轴面流道的径向叶轮好。对于输送不同溶液的性能差异现象,径向叶片叶轮泵表现得更明显。文中所研究的超小型泵,在不同转速运行时,机械磨损对泵的影响不相同。     

短周期涡轮实验的非稳态效应研究

近年来,短周期实验在涡轮研究领域得到了越来越广泛的应用,但是短周期实验过程中流场参数是不断变化的,这可能给实验结果带来不利的影响,降低了短周期实验的精度.本文针对某涡轮的短周期气动性能实验,通过非定常数值方法模拟了短周期实验过程中涡轮落压比和涡轮转速非稳态变化的过程,分析了短周期实验非稳态效应对实验结果的影响.数值模拟的结果表明.非稳态效应对涡轮扭矩、焓降、流量和效率的影响基本与单位压强变化率和单位转速变化率呈线性关系,非稳态效应对效率造成的误差通常在0.3%以内.本文使用的方法,可以推广到其他类型的短周期涡轮实验中用于分析实验非稳态效应,对于提高短周期实验台的精度、推广短周期实验技术是有意义的.     

叶片安装角偏差对涡轮通道内热斑迁移的影响

叶片的加工和安装偏差不仅直接影响到涡轮的性能,而且可能对叶片通道内热斑的迁移产生影响.为了研究这种偏差对热斑在涡轮中迁移及叶片热负荷等的影响,本文以某高压涡轮级为例,利用三维非定常数值模拟手段进行了研究.结果表明:动叶安装角的偏差对动叶中热斑的迁移如周向迁移有较明显的影响;而热斑迁移的变化将直接影响涡轮动叶压力面和吸力面的热负荷分布,最终影响涡轮叶片的寿命;并且热斑迁移的变化还导致下游支板通道内温度分布产生较为明显的变化,这有可能给发动机排气温度的测量带来偏差.热斑迁移的变化在涡轮的设计和故障分析中应予重视.     

垂直轴风力机叶片表面结冰的风洞试验

为研究垂直轴风力机叶片表面结冰的规律以及结冰对其性能的影响,对采用NACA0018翼型的风力机叶片进行了风洞结冰试验研究。在风洞试验段内安装了喷水装置,室外的寒冷空气被吸入风洞后与过冷水滴一起吹向叶片并碰撞结冰。测试了不同水滴流量和叶片攻角下的叶表结冰分布及叶片的升阻力系数变化。在一定攻角范围内,叶表结冰量随翼型迎风面积增加而增加;结冰后的阻力系数增大,升力系数减小,叶片的气动特性降低。     

基于自由涡的风轮失谐气动特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用一种改进的自由涡方法研究了风切变条件下,叶片安装角存在偏差的失谐风轮的气动特性。计算方法由模拟叶片气动力的非线性升力线法和模拟尾迹涡运动的时间精确自由尾迹法构成。以某2.5 MW风力机为例,计算了功率曲线和叶片气动力分布,并与Bladed软件和CFD计算结果进行了比较。研究了切变风条件下,不同叶片安装角偏差量,风轮推力、扭矩、偏航力矩和俯仰力矩的变化。结果表明,所采用的计算方法是准确有效的。风轮叶片安装角偏差,对风轮推力和扭矩影响较小,对风轮偏航和俯仰力矩影响较大。不同叶片安装角偏差量相反,会显著增加风轮偏航和俯仰力矩波动。     

基于自由涡的风轮失谐气动特性研究

采用一种改进的自由涡方法研究了风切变条件下,叶片安装角存在偏差的失谐风轮的气动特性。计算方法由模拟叶片气动力的非线性升力线法和模拟尾迹涡运动的时间精确自由尾迹法构成。以某2.5 MW风力机为例,计算了功率曲线和叶片气动力分布,并与Bladed软件和CFD计算结果进行了比较。研究了切变风条件下,不同叶片安装角偏差量,风轮推力、扭矩、偏航力矩和俯仰力矩的变化。结果表明,所采用的计算方法是准确有效的。风轮叶片安装角偏差,对风轮推力和扭矩影响较小,对风轮偏航和俯仰力矩影响较大。不同叶片安装角偏差量相反,会显著增加风轮偏航和俯仰力矩波动。     

可调低稠度扩压器对提升离心压缩机气动性能的数值研究

本文以某燃料电池车用高速小型离心压缩机为研究对象,采用商业软件ANSYS CFX,分析了70000~100000r/min不同转速下,从阻塞到喘振流量范围内,低稠度扩压器叶片安装角分别为10°、15°、20°、25°时,离心压缩机的级性能变化,并与无叶扩压器进行对比。数值结果显示,低稠度扩压器提高了静压恢复系数,扩压器内径向方向和叶高方向减速均匀,流动损失小。可调安装角的低稠度扩压器可在各转速下较无叶扩压器提高约8%的流量范围,并且能在各工况提高至少压缩机4%的压比及等熵效率。通过分析各工况下压缩机比转速、扩压器进口冲角和叶片安装角之间的关系,基于响应面模型给出进口冲角和叶片安装角相对比转速的多项式,为可调低稠度扩压器的实际应用提供研究基础。     

叶片扩压器进口安装角对离心压缩机性能影响的数值与实验研究

对不同扩压器进口安装角下离心压缩机的性能进行了实验研究,并详细计算分析了相应的流场分布。分析表明, 不同的进口安装角对压缩机的流动有较大的影响,压缩机的性能曲线也有不同程度的左右偏移;进口处较大的正冲角和负冲角均会在扩压器叶片表面出现大尺度的分离涡团;在给定的流量工况下,应存在一个最佳的进口安装角,使得扩压器效率最高;设计工况下,最高效率所对应的冲角并非为零。     

关键几何参数对旋转冲压压缩转子流场及性能影响研究

本文采用三维雷诺平均N-S方程和Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,在设计工况下对具有2种喉部收缩比及5种隔板安装角的旋转冲压压缩转子进行了数值研究。结果表明:喉部收缩比可显著影响激波结构及转子性能,大喉部收缩比对应出口气流速度为亚声速,小喉部收缩比对应的总压比、静压比及效率较高。随隔板安装角增加,出口气流角及总压比呈降低趋势。为获得较好的性能及流场结构,需对各参数进行折中选择,喉部收缩比为0.6及隔板安装角为12°为本文综合性能最优的结构方案。     

Flow on blades of wells turbine for wave power generation

Wells turbine has the cascade whose stagger angle is 90°, namely the blades are perpendicular to the axial velocity. Good performance is required from 0° to 90° angle of attack because the turbine is operated in the oscillating airflow produced with wave energy. Furthermore, very interesting and complex flows are experimentally observed by the oil film method for large angles of attack where the performance is strongly influenced, especially, the self-starting. This paper tries to analyze the mechanism of these three-dimensional flows around the turbine with the flow visualization and the numerical analysis, focusing on the off-design condition.     

Investigation of the unstable flow phenomenon in a pump turbine

Instability of pump turbine with S-shaped curve is characterized by large fluctuations of rotational speed during the transient processes.For investigating this phenomenon,a numerical model based on the dynamic sliding mesh method(DSSM)is presented and used to numerically solve the 3D transient flow which is characterized by the variable rotation speed of runner.The method is validated by comparison with measured data for a load rejection process in a prototype pump turbine.The results show that the calculated rotation speed agrees well with the experimental data.Based on the validated model,simulations were performed for the runaway process using an artificially assumed operating condition under which the unstable rotation speed is expected to appear.The results confirm that the instability of runner rotational speed can be effectively captured with the proposed method.Presented results include the time history profiles of unit flow rate and unit rotating speed.The internal flow characteristics in a typical unstable period are discussed in detail and the mechanism of the unstable hydraulic phenomenon is explained.Overall,the results suggest that the method presented here can be a viable alternative to predict the dynamic characteristics of pump turbines during transient processes.     

Numerical simulation of steady cavitating flow of viscous fluid in a Francis hydroturbine

Numerical technique was developed for simulation of cavitating flows through the flow passage of a hydraulic turbine. The technique is based on solution of steady 3D Navier—Stokes equations with a liquid phase transfer equation. The approch for setting boundary conditions meeting the requirements of cavitation testing standard was suggested. Four different models of evaporation and condensation were compared. Numerical simulations for turbines of different specific speed were compared with experiment.     

Numerical investigation of the variable nozzle effect on the mixed flow turbine performance characteristics

There are various matching ways between turbocharger and engine, the variable nozzle turbine is the most significant method. The turbine design must be economic with high efficiency and large capacity over a wide range of operational conditions. These design intents are used in order to decrease thermal load and improve thermal efficiency of the engine. This paper presents an original design method of a variable nozzle vane for mixed flow turbines developed from previous experimental and numerical studies. The new device is evaluated with a numerical simulation over a wide range of rotational speeds, pressure ratios, and different vane angles. The compressible turbulent steady flow is solved using the ANSYS CFX software. The numerical results agree well with experimental data in the nozzleless configuration. In the variable nozzle case, the results show that the turbine performance characteristics are well accepted in different open positions and improved significantly in low speed regime and at low pressure ratio.     

Elastic connection disk subjected to periodically fluctuating transmitted torque and rotational speed

Involving the intrinsic power transmission torque/speed coupling characteristics of prime-movers, a rotating elastic connection disk subjected to periodically fluctuating transmitted torque and rotational speed generated by the fluctuation of external loads is investigated. Using Galerkin's method, the rotating elastic connection disk is modeled as a parametrically excited gyroscopic system. The effects of the torque/speed coupling, transmitted torque fluctuation amplitude and frequency, and constant parts of the transmitted torque and the rotational speed on the system dynamic stability are explored for the disk modes possessing different nodal diameters. The rotational speed, transmitted torque and their fluctuations can all result in system instability of the elastic connection disk. The instability can be suppressed or avoided by operating at small amplitude and low frequency of the transmitted torque fluctuation, and by operating in the weakly coupled torque/speed regime of the prime-movers. Low rotational speed avoids the instability in the case of a small transmitted torque, but medium rotational speed operation is valuable to suppress the instability induced by a large transmitted torque and its fluctuation. Instability parameter regions for the positive and negative torque/speed coupling coefficient are roughly similar in shape, but there are some differences in the value of the instability coefficient.     

三峡右岸机组水力性能数值模拟

目前,对大型水轮机组稳定性问题的研究成为热点和前沿问题。三峡电站的运行水头变幅大,负荷变幅也大, 机组稳定性问题更为突出,成为人们关注的焦点。应用CFD技术对混流式水轮机的内部流场进行模拟分析,对可能影响 水轮机运行性能的若干因素进行研究,可以为改善水轮机的水力稳定性能提供依据。     

导叶调节对双级对转压气机性能影响的研究

本文以某双级对转压气机为研究对象,基于并行计算技术,用数值模拟的方法计算研究了进口导叶安装角对对转压气机性能影响规律,从机理上分析了设计流量下导叶调节对各叶排来流气流角影响,为对转压气机的进一步优化设计提供依据。计算结果表明:在现有计算机条件下,并行计算技术的采用大大提高了计算效率;进口导叶安装角对对转压气机性能有一定影响,当进口导叶向负方向调整时,转子1工作正攻角下,出口导叶工作于负攻角,压气机的增压比升高,效率基本不变,稳定工作范围略有增大。     

小功率高转速蒸汽透平试验研究和优化

小功率高转速蒸汽透平试验研究和优化邵振麒（同济大学汽车工程系上海２０００９２）关键词：小蒸汽透平，效率，优化１前言回收能量和工业装置的余热及利用太阳能等新能源是节能和环保的重要措施，由此产生的机械能可供发电，气体增压等多种用途。在一些废热量不大且不宜...