整个应力场对纹对裂纹失稳扩展轨迹的影响

本文通过对凸形板试件对称边裂纹失稳扩展轨迹的实验研究和有限元计算，证实了裂纹失稳扩展轨迹是由失稳扩展前一瞬间的整个应力场决定的。研究表明：周向主应力判据此最大周向拉应力判据能更高精度地预测失稳裂的扩展轨迹。以上结论与薛昌明等人的相吻合。     

裂纹失稳扩展轨迹焦散线和伪焦散线实验研究

本文给出了复合型裂开裂角和称稳扩展和轨迹的焦散线参数方程，并采用Ｃ型试样，对裂纹扩展轨迹进行实验研究和数值分析，所得结果对裂纹控制和止裂设计具有实用价值。     

三维斜置半圆形表面裂纹扩展数值模拟

以裂纹前沿局部坐标中主法平面内的最大周向拉应力作为控制参数,对第一主应力拉应力裂纹扩展准则进行了补充和修正.修正后的拉应力裂纹扩展准则称为最大周向拉应力裂纹扩展准则.它不仅可以有效地确定裂纹扩展方位、扩展方向和扩展条件,而且可以有效地确定裂纹扩展步长.根据修正的裂纹扩展准则,给出了三维裂纹曲面的数学描述方式,可以有效地模拟扩展曲面的弯折和扭曲.     

复合型裂纹的裂纹面扭转角

针对含有Ⅲ型裂纹的复合型裂纹扩展后,裂纹面发生扭转,提出垂直于裂纹扩展方向平面上的最大周向应变控制裂纹面的扭转。并推导了各种复合型裂纹面扭转角公式,Ⅰ－Ⅲ复合型裂纹扩展速率试验表明：裂纹面扭转角的试验值与静载失稳条件下的理论值符合得较好。     

整体加筋壁板裂纹扩展轨迹模拟及控制分析

应用有限元方法并结合裂纹扩展方向判据分析模拟了飞机整体加筋壁板裂纹的扩展轨迹,与实验结果对比证明此方法的有效性;并通过壳单元模型和粘聚区渐进损伤模型详细讨论了影响整体加筋壁板裂纹扩展的筋条参数,研究了壁板筋条对裂纹止裂的控制,并对不同参数下裂纹的应力强度因子和扩展情况作对比分析.文章所述方法和结论对于飞机整体加筋壁板的损伤容限设计具有指导意义.     

三维裂纹扩展轨迹的边界元数值模拟

提出了一种对三维裂纹扩展轨迹进行数值模拟的新方法。采用一种新的具有C^1连续性、高精度的单节点二次边界单元，使边界元(BEM)的分析效率和裂纹张开位移(COD)、应力强度因子(SIF)的精度大大提高。采用裂纹张开位移全场拟合法(GCDFP)求出裂纹面前缘的SIF，所得到的SIF达到与所用的COD资料同样的精度。使用Paris公式求出裂纹前缘各点的裂纹扩展增量，并用三次B样条函数对这些增量进行拟合，得到新的光滑裂纹前缘。根据以上思想方法，开发了具有较高的计算效率和精度的数值模拟软件。此软件可以自动跟踪裂纹扩展，得到裂纹扩展的轨迹。运用该软件对椭圆和矩形裂纹的扩展轨迹进行了数值模拟。其结果与理论上的预言完全一致，裂纹最后都趋于一个圆裂纹，具有实际指导意义。     

表面裂纹准静态扩展的有限元模拟计算

由于现有断裂准则未能考虑表面裂纹前沿各点实际断裂阻力的变化，所作的表面裂纹准静态扩展模拟计算不能很好地预测几何形貌的真实变化规律。本文提出了一个考虑应力状态不同对实际断裂阻力影响的变阻力断裂准则；并以该准则作为表面裂纹前沿局部断裂扩展的判据，通过三维有限元法进行了表面裂纹准静态扩展的模拟计算；还将模拟预测值与用多试件法测得的实验值进行比较，验证了变阻力断裂准则作为裂纹稳态扩展判据的有效性     

描述复合型疲劳裂纹扩展路径的等效模型

复合型裂纹的扩展路径不同于Ⅰ型裂纹,会沿着与初始裂纹面不同的方向扩展,扩展路径的准确预测对扩展速率的评估具有重要的作用。采用最大周向应力准则和最小应变能密度准则进行扩展路径的预测时,开裂角的误差会使裂纹不断偏离实际路径,造成最终结果的较大偏差。本文将复合裂纹在扩展过程中的弯折裂纹简化为直线裂纹,对简化过程中所产生的误差进行定量分析,并在此基础上提出了一种描述复合型裂纹扩展路径的等效修正模型。将此模型写入ABAQUS扩展有限元模块,实现了基于等效修正模型的疲劳裂纹扩展程序。通过对含中心斜裂纹板的疲劳裂纹扩展试验,验证了本模型的有效性,预测的开裂角与试验结果基本一致,所得到的载荷循环次数低于试验值,对含裂纹结构的寿命评估偏于保守。     

表面裂纹准静态扩展的有限元模拟计算

由于现有断裂准则未能考虑表面裂纹前沿各点实际断裂阻力的变化，所作的表面裂纹准静态扩展模拟计算不能委好地预测几何形貌的真实变化规律。本文提出了一个考虑应力状态不同对实际断裂阻力影响的变阻力断裂准则；并以该准则作为表面裂纹前沿局部断裂扩展的判据，通过三维有限元法进行表面裂纹准静态扩展的模拟计算。     

三维疲劳多裂纹扩展数值模拟的计算方法及程序设计

研究了含多条初始裂纹的紧固孔件的裂纹扩展模拟及裂纹扩展寿命。紧固孔形式为直通孔和沉头(有锪窝)孔,裂纹形式为孔边角裂纹,将裂纹前缘形状简化为二次曲线形式。采用更新网格法追踪裂纹扩展,并人为干预裂纹前缘形状,解决了裂纹前缘端点跨越模型角点时的网格畸变问题;在裂纹扩展法则中使用了AFGROW裂纹闭合模型,并引入多裂纹协调扩展算法,避免了逐一应力循环计算,缩短了计算时间;试件失效判据使用净截面屈服和裂纹前缘塑性区连通准则,试件满足任一判据即判定为失效;最后在ANSYS软件的基础上进行二次开发,设计了适应多种模型的全寿命自动分析程序,并使用VB语言编写了用户界面,分别对单孔和一排五孔两种平板试件从锪窝孔边起裂的角裂纹扩展进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:使用AFGROW裂纹闭合模型对寿命的预测精度明显高于Paris模型,其寿命预测误差在5%以内;对位于模型表面的裂纹尺寸的模拟与试验结果吻合较好,并很好地模拟了五孔模型在发生裂纹连通之后加速扩展的情况。     

关于非均质焊接接头中的J积分断裂判据

采用平面应力弹塑性大变形有限元方法、云纹干涉法以及云纹干涉－有限元混合法,从Ｊ积分守恒性下Ｊ主导有效性两方面仔细考试了非均质焊接头中的Ｊ积分断裂判据。结果表明,至少对于该文所研究的情形而言,Ｊ积分守恒性及Ｊ主导有效性均是有条件存在的。因此,在非均质焊接接头中直接应用Ｊ积分作为断裂判据是不合适的。     

涡识别技术及其在船用螺旋桨伴流场中的应用

涡识别是很重要的流体问题, 为了在船用螺旋桨伴流场中寻找一种合理的涡识别方法, 本文结合实践, 研究了六种涡识别技术理论, 其中使用Burgers涡流和Lamb-Oseen涡流作了必要的解释, 讨论了各种识别方法的优缺点. 局部低压标准比较直观, 但深究其黏性和非定常影响后, 明显不足; 迹线或流线显然不能满足伽利略不变性, 会使辨别变得混乱; 涡度大小需要规定其阈值, 具有一定不确定性, 且也会识别不是涡的涡片; 速度梯度张量的复特征值也会有识别不出的区域; 速度梯度张量的第二不变量标准和对称张量的第二特征值标准能更好地识别涡核, 这两种标准有时等效. 螺旋桨伴流场的数值模拟是在开源软件OpenFOAM平台上实现的, 湍流大涡模型由一种局部动态方程建模, 此模型优于动态Smagorinsky模型. 最终的结果显示: 对于船用螺旋桨伴流场中的涡, 采用速度梯度张量的第二不变量和对称张量的第二特征值的结果基本一致, 而最小压力标准、流线或迹线标准、涡度值标准和速度张量的复特征值标准都存在一定的缺陷, 不适用于船用螺旋桨伴流场中的涡识别.      

Analytical and numerical analysis of sheet metal instability using a stress based criterion

Strain based Keeler–Goodwin diagrams are widely used in forming processes to predict onset of local necking. Plastic instability is determined once the forming limit strain is exceeded. Use of these diagrams requires proportional strain paths, which is not necessarily the case in sheet metal forming operations. In many forming processes, the strain path changes during deformation. This may change the forming limit curve significantly. In the paper, a stress based forming limit criterion is adopted to deal with strain path non-linearities. Comparisons with earlier published work on forming limits are made through analytical considerations. Furthermore, the criterion is implemented into the finite element code LS-DYNA and verified numerically against results from large scale bulge tests.     

A damage accumulation model for complex strain paths: Prediction of ductile failure in metals

The characterisation of strain path with respect to the directionality of defect formation is discussed. The criterion of non-monotonic strain path is used in the scalar and tensor models for damage accumulation and recovery. Comparable analysis of models and their verification has been obtained by simulation of crack initiation in a two-stage metal forming operation consisting of wire drawing followed by constrained upsetting.     

基于分子平均自由程的热流计算壁面网格准则

面向壁面热流Navier-Stokes方程数值计算的应用, 研究了壁面法向网格尺度问题.从气体分子物理学角度, 对壁面热流进行了微观统计分析,指出壁面热流与气体分子平均自由程之间的内在联系是壁面法向网格尺度存在最优下限的原因. 据此建立了一个新的壁面法向网格尺度准则, 即MFP准则.该准则简单、实用, 具有清晰的热力学物理意义, 且只依赖于壁面局部参数. 并以多种对比算例验证了MFP准则的准确性和适用性.      

静动组合载荷下混凝土率效应机理及强度准则

混凝土结构在受到动载荷作用之前,通常已承受着初始静载荷的作用.大量关于混凝土应变率效应的研究均没有考虑初始静载荷对动强度的影响,会导致过高地估计混凝土的动强度,使混凝土结构设计偏于危险.本文通过分析混凝土材料在静动组合载荷下的率效应机理,给出了初始静载荷的定义.在此基础上,推导了混凝土材料参数与初始静载荷和应变率的表达式,提出了建立静动组合强度准则的一般方法.通过材料参数反映初始静载荷与应变率的联合影响,给出了由初始有效静载荷、动态黏聚强度和摩擦强度共同组成的混凝土动态强度,将广义非线性强度准则发展为静动组合多轴强度准则.建立的强度面在相同初始静载荷下随应变率的增大向外扩张,在相同应变率下随初始静载荷的增大向里收缩,即混凝土的强度在相同初始静载荷下随应变率的增大而增大,在相同应变率下随初始静载荷的增大而减小.此外,当初始静载荷和应变率不变时,加载路径对混凝土材料的应变率效应无影响,但会影响混凝土材料的静水压力效应,即当初始静载荷和应变率固定不变时,静动组合强度面的位置和大小即可确定,不同加载路径下强度的不同是由于静水压力效应导致的.最后利用多组混凝土材料静动组合强度试验对建立的静动组合强度准则进行了验证.     

Atomistic potentials based energy flux integral criterion for dynamic adiabatic shear banding

The energy flux integral criterion based on atomistic potentials within the framework of hyperelasticity–plasticity is proposed for dynamic adiabatic shear banding (ASB). System Helmholtz energy decomposition reveals that the dynamic influence on the integral path dependence is originated from the volumetric strain energy and partial deviatoric strain energy, and the plastic influence only from the rest part of deviatoric strain energy. The concept of critical shear banding energy is suggested for describing the initiation of ASB, which consists of the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) threshold energy and the thermal softening energy. The criterion directly relates energy flux to the basic physical processes that induce shear instability such as dislocation nucleations and multiplications, without introducing ad-hoc parameters in empirical constitutive models. It reduces to the classical path independent J-integral for quasi-static loading and elastic solids. The atomistic-to-continuum multiscale coupling method is used to simulate the initiation of ASB. Atomic configurations indicate that DRX induced microstructural softening may be essential to the dynamic shear localization and hence the initiation of ASB.     

Forming limit stresses predicted by phenomenological plasticity theories with anisotropic work-hardening behavior

Forming limit stresses of sheet metals subjected to linear and combined stress paths are analyzed using the M-K model in conjunction with two anisotropic work-hardening models: a work-hardening model which is capable of describing Bauschinger and cross-hardening effects, and a work-hardening model which cannot predict the cross-hardening effect. It is found that the forming limit stress is path-independent when the stress–strain curves for the linear and combined stress paths agree well with each other. On the other hand, the forming limit stress for the combined stress path depends on the strain path when the prestrain changes the subsequent stress–strain relation. We conclude that the stress-based forming limit criterion is efficient only for a material with a work-hardening behavior that is not affected by strain path change. The influence of the work-hardening behavior on the forming limit stress is discussed in detail.     

局部失效缺陷下的二级层级褶皱结构失效机理研究

基于弹性梁理论,对局部失效缺陷下的二级层级褶皱结构失效机理进行了分析。通过对原结构体系和局部失效后新结构体系的受力分析,归纳总结了结构的六种失效模式。根据各失效模式之间的占优关系绘制了失效机理图,讨论了参数l1/l、θ和α对失效机理图的影响,并基于特定失效序列优化约束,给出了结构轻量化优化列式。通过数值仿真,验证了局部失效后二级层级褶皱结构失效预测的正确性和层级失效序列设计思路的可行性。最后采用3D打印模型进行了验证实验,实验结果与理论解吻合较好。     

A new three-dimensional Hoek-Brown strength criterion

The Hoek-Brown(HB) strength criterion has been widely applied to the estimation of strength of intact rock and rock mass,while evolving ever since.However,negligence of the effect of the intermediate principal stress still remains in the criterion’s latest version.At the same time,several three-dimensional(3D) HB strength,which can takes into account the influence of the intermediate principal stress,have already been proposed,among which the 3D HB criterion proposed by Zhang and Zhu seems to be the most reasonable one.However,the Zhang 3D HB criterion may have problems with some stress path close to triaxial extension state because of the non-convexity characteristic of its failure surface.In this paper,a new 3D HB strength criterion is presented based on a generalized form of the HB criterion,which also considers the effect of the intermediate principal stress and inherits all the merits of the original version of the HB criterion.In addition,this new criterion can remedy to some extent the shortcomings observed in the Zhang 3D HB criterion.Polyaxial tests for five different rocks from published literatures are used for evaluating this new criterion and comparing it with the Zhang 3D HB criterion.The results show that this new criterion may over-predict or underpredict the polyaxial strength of rocks but the errors are relatively small,and similar results are also found for the Zhang 3D HB criterion,which one is better depends on the type of the rock under estimation.