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基于高次余弦散射分布的空间卫星可见光特性 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
基于几何光学和辐射理论,研究了空间卫星的可见光散射特性.空间卫星的背景辐射主要包括太阳的直接辐射和地球及大气的散射辐射,根据目标的结构特性与背景特性建立了空间卫星的几何模型和光照模型.分析目标表面状况,入射到目标表面的光线近似服从高次余弦散射分布,根据能量守恒定理及表面材料的高次余弦散射分布特性建立了目标散射特性的数学模型.通过矢量坐标变换确定太阳、地球、观测卫星在目标本体坐标系下的相对位置关系.根据给定的几何尺寸和表面物性参量仿真获得了目标在探测器入瞳处的能量分布及星等特征,目标本体与太阳帆板在探测器入瞳处的辐照度最大量级均为10-12 W/m2.仿真结果表明太阳帆板在目标特性分析时不可忽略,为空间目标的可见光探测提供参考数据. 相似文献
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双向反射分布函数在空间目标可见光反射特性建模中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对空间目标可见光反射特性提出了一种建模方法.双向反射分布函数(BRDF)可以有效地 描述目标表面材料的空间反射特性和光谱特性.根据目标表面状况及背景辐射环境,选取合 适的双向反射分布函数模型,利用辐射理论在可见光波段建立了空间目标反射特性的数学模 型.基于轨道参数进行了仿真计算.计算结果表明太阳帆板与卫星主体相比,其在探测器入 瞳处的辐照度只小一个数量级,在目标光学特性分析时不可忽略.而且,空间目标反射特性 不仅与太阳、地球和目标三者之间的实时位置有关,还与其几何形状、表面材料等有关.仿真分析结果验证了建模的正确性. 相似文献
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紫外探测具有灵敏度高、虚警率低等特点,空间目标紫外特性分析对空间目标探测具有重要意义.针对空间目标紫外特性提出了一种精确建模方法.根据空间目标的背景辐射环境及表面材料属性,引入区域分解与网格划分的思想,利用双向反射分布函数建立了空间目标紫外特性的数学模型.通过矢量坐标变换,确定了背景辐射源、探测器与目标的相对位置关系.以资源一号卫星和风云三号卫星为例,进行了目标紫外特性的仿真分析,计算获得了目标在探测器入瞳处的紫外辐照度随时间的变化关系.仿真结果验证了建模方法的正确性.
关键词:
空间目标
紫外特性
双向反射分布函数
建模与仿真 相似文献
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空间目标可见光散射特性建模方法研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
针对空间目标的可见光散射特性提出一种建模方法.在分析空间目标所处的背景辐射环境基础上建立了空间目标背景辐射物理模型.对目标表面进行面元划分后,基于辐射理论引入双向反射分布函数模型来描述目标表面面元的光散射特性,将目标各个表面所有面元散射分量叠加建立了目标可见光散射特性的数学模型.建立目标本体坐标系,通过坐标变换确定目标、背景辐射源与探测器的相对位置关系,利用矢量坐标法确定目标对观测系统的“可视表面”.根据给定的目标几何结构尺寸和物性参量仿真获得了目标在轨光学特性.计算结果验证了建模的有效性. 相似文献
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天基空间目标观测时, 在对空间目标的可见光特性提取的过程中, 随着其姿态的不断变化, 存在太阳光照射不到目标表面、或是在某一特定位置由于目标的强烈反射导致太阳光照度不均匀的情况. 针对这些问题, 分析了在可见光和近红外波段空间目标表面的光照特性, 提出了利用地表反照光作为天基空间目标成像辅助照明光源的思想, 给出了一种精确的建模方法. 基于漫反射模型建立了地表反照光在空间目标表面的照度计算方法, 借助satellite tool kit卫星工具软件获取太阳、目标的坐标, 省去了以往方法中烦琐的矩阵相乘和坐标转换过程; 对任意时刻的地表有效反照区域给出了判断, 引入对地球表面进行网格划分的方法, 对划分后的每一个面元均匀采样, 通过数值积分可计算出整个有效地表反照区域的地表反照辐射. 以某天基成像任务中的太阳同步轨道卫星为例, 就地表反照光对目标的光照情况进行仿真, 计算得出卫星在经过北极上空时可以利用地表反照光作为辅助光源这一重要结论. 仿真结果验证了建模方法的正确性. 相似文献
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中段目标的可见光辐射特性对目标的探测、跟踪与打击具有重要的指导意义。提出计算中段目标可见光辐射特性的方法,计算了目标表面的二向性反射,并考虑太阳的可见光辐射和云层背景反射太阳的可见光辐射情况下,计算了白天从同步卫星、低轨卫星和中轨卫星观测中段目标在可见光波段的辐射特性。研究结果表明:在可见光波段,目标对同步卫星辐射的光谱变化规律与太阳直射辐射的光谱变化一致,低轨卫星上观测目标的光谱辐射热流比同步卫星上观测的结果大3个数量级,中轨卫星上观测目标的光谱辐射热流比同步卫星上观测的结果大1个数量级。 相似文献
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为研究卫星目标姿态变化对星载光电成像系统探测能力的影响,对0.38~0.78μm谱段内的可见光辐射目标进行了数值模拟研究。以基本辐射理论为基础,建立了卫星目标光学观测的可见光反射特性模型。根据目标的几何结构和材料特性,分析了姿态变化与目标有效入射截面积的关系,推导了探测能力与信噪比(SNR)的计算公式,数值模拟研究了姿态变化对探测能力的影响。研究结果表明,信噪比与探测距离均表现出很强的方向性,呈周期性变化,2.2m×2.7m的太阳帆板的信噪比与探测距离最大差值达到101及105 km量级,高12m、直径4m的卫星本体的最大差值达到102及106 km量级,目标姿态变化对探测能力具有显著影响。 相似文献
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为给空间目标光学探测与识别提供数据支持,建立了基于TracePro的空间目标光学散射特性计算模型.以空间目标天基红外系统为例,综合考虑目标的结构特性、材料特性、背景特性及轨道特性,通过TracePro中建立几何模型、设定材质、设定光源、计算光线路径等环节,对目标光学散射特性进行仿真分析.结果表明,目标的光谱辐照度曲线与太阳一致.镜反射时,目标的等效光谱反射率曲线与砷化镓电池片一致,随着目标旋转,目标的等效光谱反射率曲线趋向于与包覆材料一致,而后保持不变.为空间目标光学散射特性研究思路提供了借鉴. 相似文献
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Light scattering property of environment is very important in theoretical study and application of the remote sensing. What's more, it is valuable for infrared radiation, imaging, and the detection of target and tracking. In this paper, solar and atmospheric background radiation, and their scattering property from target are discussed. BRDF (Biodirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) is a very important quantity that shows the radiation and reflection feature of target. According to electromagnetic radiant and scattering theories, the relationship between laser radar scattering cross section (LRCS) and BRDF is introduced. LOWTRAN model is an effective method of calculating the spectral distribution of solar and atmospheric radiation. Here it is applied to compute solar and atmospheric background radiation scattered from a target. The relative equations are deduced. Thus, the spatial and spectral distribution of scattering light is given. As a special example, for the Lambert's surface, the equations are simplified. As a result, the spatial and spectral distributions scattering radiation of solar and atmospheric background from a rough painted surface are present. The scattering of solar radiation plays a primary role in MIR region, but scattering of atmospheric background radiation is higher in LIR region. At the same time, there is obviously specular reflectance for solar radiation due to coherent scattering from rough surface. 相似文献
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A modeling method of infrared imaging characteristics of a space-based target was presented. Background radiation environment of a space-based target was analyzed and the background radiation mainly consists of direct radiation of the sun, thermal radiation and reflected radiation of the earth. The target surface was divided into regions based on geometrical shape and surface material characteristics and a surface equation of each region was built based on its body coordinate system. Each region was divided into meshes supposing that each mesh is a micro-plane. A bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRDF) model considering the characteristics of surface Gauss statistics and self-shadow was introduced to describe reflected infrared of each mesh of the target surface. The emitted infrared radiation of each mesh of the target surface was described according to its thermal equilibrium temperature. Then a mathematical model on infrared radiation imaging characteristics of the space-based target was built in terms of the given infrared detector. The relative positions of the space-based target, the background radiation sources and the detector are determined by orbital parameters based on coordinate conversion. Visual surfaces of the target to observation system were determined by vector coordinate method. Simulation of optical imaging characteristics of the target in orbit was achieved according to its given geometrical dimensions and physical parameters. The results show the method is feasible and robust for infrared characteristics of the space-based target when single reflection is considered and its surface is regular and can be described in a surface equation. It can provide a facility to real-time analysis of infrared imaging characteristics of the space-based targets. 相似文献
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Wu Zhensen Zhou Caixia Chen Hui Zhang Yandong 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2003,24(11):1989-1998
The background radiation contribution is an important component of target scattering characteristics. A study is made on target scattering characteristics from complex background radiation, with contributions of the sun and the sea and sky background and that among each components of target. In this paper, the shadowing function of sea surface is numerically calculated by using the Z-BUFFER shadowing elimination algorithm, and the scattering of each facet of sea surface and target from the sun and the sky background infrared radiation is computed based on the rough surface scattering model as well as the infrared self-radiation of the sea surface. Finally, a numerical calculation of the forward and backward radiance of a near-sea circular cylinder scattering from the sun, the sea and sky background infrared radiation of near sea target and the infrared self-radiation of the target skin have been made. The results show the important influences of each contribution on target scattering from the sea and sky background radiation in 3-5 m and 8-12 m bands. 相似文献
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研究月尘颗粒在电子束环境下以及紫外源辐照下的带电机理,利用数值方法模拟月尘颗粒在不同背景环境下的充电过程,以探索月表尘埃颗粒的带电机理,进而便于地面月尘环境模拟装置选择合适的月尘带电方式进行空间模拟实验.给出了尘埃在电子束环境下的充电方程,并将紫外辐射带电与具体应用相结合.通过模拟结果可知,在电子束环境下,月尘表面的电荷数随粒径尺寸增大,随电子枪辐照束斑半径减少,随电子枪流强的增加而增多;在紫外源的辐照下,月尘表面电荷数随颗粒尺寸的增大以及紫外线辐照度的增加而增多.由月尘颗粒受太阳紫外辐照带电的数值模拟结果可知,月尘需要在太阳长时间的辐照下才可以带上可观的电荷数,地面模拟该过程需增加辐照源来加速实验.通过模拟结果的分析比较并结合"空间环境模拟装置"中对月尘舱的设计要求,最终优选紫外源辐照带电方式作为月尘颗粒的带电方案. 相似文献