海面中波红外反射率特性研究

基于Cox-Munk海面模型,计算了海面对中波红外(3～5 μm)的反射率.利用双站散射遮蔽函数对Cox-Munk海面反射率模型进行了修正,数值模拟了反射率随入射角、反射角和风速的变化关系.结果表明,考虑遮蔽效应后,反射率较未考虑遮蔽时的变化更为平缓,且峰值的位置发生变化,峰值明显减小.     

海面中波红外反射率特性研究

基于Cox Munk海面模型,计算了海面对中波红外（3~5 μm）的反射率.利用双站散射遮蔽函数对Cox Munk海面反射率模型进行了修正,数值模拟了反射率随入射角、反射角和风速的变化关系.结果表明,考虑遮蔽效应后,反射率较未考虑遮蔽时的变化更为平缓,且峰值的位置发生变化,峰值明显减小.     

基于粗糙样片光谱BRDF的空间目标可见光散射研究

实验测量了某种卫星包覆材料和太阳能电池板样片在可见光波段(400~780 nm)的光谱双向反射分布函数.将样片的光谱双向反射分布函数对可见光波段内的太阳谱辐射照度加权平均,获得了可见光入射时目标样片表面的平均双向反射分布函数,并利用遗传算法建立了其参量化统计模型.应用此模型,结合目标的几何建模、消隐,计算了可见光入射时某卫星散射光强度的空间分布,并分析了其与卫星的几何形状、表面材料等的关系.     

一种实用型粗糙面六参数双向反射分布函数模型

通过对五参数半经验双向反射分布函数(BRDF)模型进行修改,并吸收其它模型的优点,提出了一个六参数BRDF模型,该模型形式更简单,拟合效果更好,并且模型满足了能量守恒和互易性,使该模型更趋于实用化。利用模拟退火算法对多种不同样片的BRDF进行了拟合建模,获得了相应模型的参数值和偏差,结果证明了该模型的正确性,尤其适合对散射特性较弱样片BRDF的拟合建模。对于散射特性较弱的样片,与常用的五参数模型进行了比较,该模型的漫反射部分拟合效果更好,总体精度还略有提高。最后,为了更直观地表示目标样片的BRDF,分别给出了各个角度BRDF的三维拟合图。     

基于三维重建理论的目标光谱散射特性研究

根据三维重建理论,基于目标的多角度视图,重建了目标表面的三维点云。利用德洛奈三角剖分法结合可见性原理,得到了目标的曲面和曲面面元的法线方向。根据粗糙面散射理论和目标表面的双向反射分布函数(BRDF),结合大气传输软件Modtran计算的某时间、地点的背景光谱辐射亮度,数值分析了目标光谱散射亮度分布特性。以覆盖车衣的汽车为例,重建的三维几何模型误差为4.11%,数值计算了目标在三个波段的光谱散射亮度分布。上述方法可以进一步用于卫星和其他空间目标的光谱辐射、散射特性研究。     

粗糙目标样片光谱双向反射分布函数的实验测量及其建模

实验测量了紫红色和白色涂漆板在400～780 nm内的光谱双向反射分布函数(光谱BRDF),分析了光谱双向反射分布函数随波长及散射角的变化趋势与目标样片光学特性的关系.应用改进的粒子群算法,结合双向反射分布函数五参量模型,获得了测量光谱范围内各波长(间隔1 nm)对应的共381组五参量值.利用五参量模型计算了目标样片的光谱双向反射分布函数及其方向半球反射率(DHR),并与实验测量数据相比较,两者吻合良好,表明目标光谱双向反射分布函数建模方法与结果的可行性和可靠性.目标样片的光谱双向反射分布函数可以用来研究目标的光谱散射特性,对目标的探测、跟踪、识别和特征提取等具有重要的应用价值.     

Estimation of co-channel interference between cities caused by ducting and turbulence

With the rapid development of the fifth-generation(5 G)mobile communication technology,the application of each frequency band has reached the extreme,causing mutual interference between different modules.Hence,there is a requirement for detecting filtering and preventing interference.In the troposphere,over-the-horizon propagation occurs in atmospheric ducts and turbulent media.The effects of both ducting and turbulence can increase the probability of occurrence of long-distance co-channel interference(CCI),in turn,severely affecting the key performance indicators such as system access,handover and drop.In the 5 G era,to ensure communication channels and information security,CCI must be reduced.This paper introduces a scattering parabolic equation algorithm for calculating signal propagation in atmospheric ducts on irregular terrain boundaries.It combines Hitney’s radio physical optical model and Wagner’s nonuniform turbulent scattering model for calculating the tropospheric scattering in an evaporation duct or a surface-based duct.The new model proposes a tropospheric scattering parabolic equation algorithm for various tropospheric duct environments.Finally,as a specific case,the topographical boundaries between several cities in the East China Plain were considered,and the over-the-horizon propagation loss was simulated for various ducting and turbulent environments.The simulation results were used to evaluate whether CCI would occur between cities in a specific environment.     

Scattering of a general partially coherent beam from a diffuse target in atmospheric turbulence

The second-order and fourth-order statistical moments of the speckle field from a diffuse target in atmospheric turbulence are studied which have great influence on the performance of lidar systems. By expanding a general rotationally symmetric beam as a sum of Gaussian–Schell model(GSM) beams, the mean intensity of the general beam propagating over a distance in an atmospheric turbulence is formulated. Expressions for the degree of coherence(DOC) and the normalized intensity variance of the scattered field of a general beam from a rough surface in turbulence are derived based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. The general expressions reduce to the well-known forms for a GSM beam. Another example for the general beam used in this paper is the collimated flat-topped beam. The results of both kinds of beams show that the intensity profile on the target plane is a key factor affecting the statistical characteristics of the speckle field.A larger beam spot on the target plane induces a smaller coherence length and a smaller normalized intensity variance of the received field. As turbulence gets stronger, the coherence length becomes smaller, and the normalized intensity variance firstly increases and declines to unity finally.