再生丝素固定乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感器

再生丝素固定乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感器;生物传感器;乙酰胆碱酯酶;再生丝素     

再生丝素固定葡萄糖氧化酶及其传感器应用

再生丝素固定葡萄糖氧化酶及其传感器应用钱江红，刘永成，刘海鹰，于同隐，邓家祺（复旦大学化学系高分子科学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词再生丝素，葡萄糖氧化酶，传感器，酶电极酶电报的各项性能在很大程度上取决于酶的固定比方法，葡萄糖氧化酶的固定化方法很多１...     

以N—甲基吩嗪硫酸盐为电子传递体的过氧化氢传感器

用再生丝素把过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）固定在玻碳电极表面，以Ｎ－甲基吩嗪硫酸盐（ＰＭＳ）为电子传递体，制成过氧化氢传感器，因该酸电极对过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）有良好的催化响应，ＰＭＳ还原电流的增值与过氧化氢的浓度在１０＾－６－１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内有良好的线性关系，酶电极稳定性好，灵敏度高，对过氧化氢的响应时间小于１０ｓ，其有效寿命可达二个月以上。用扫描电镜和红外光谱观察和分析了ＰＯＤ和再生丝素共混膜的     

二茂镍修饰过氧化氢传感器的研究

用再生丝素把过氧化物酶固定在二茂镍修饰电极上，制成过氧华氢传感器．该酶电极对过氧化氢有良好的响应，二茂镍还原电流的增值与过氧化氢浓度在１．０×１０－５～１．７×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内有良好的线性关系．该传感器灵敏度高，检出限为１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，对过氧化氢的响应时间小于２０ｓ．     

再生丝素/NMMO·H2O溶液的流变性能

使用N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物的水合物(NMMO·H2O)作为再生丝素的溶剂.可以得到w=0.10～0.25的再生丝素/NMMO·H2O溶液.研究了再生丝素/NMMO·H2O溶液流变性能,讨论了剪切速率、温度和溶液中的再生丝素的含量对再生丝素/NMMO·H2O溶液流变性能的影响.     

再生丝素和聚乙烯醇混合膜的结构,性能及其葡萄糖传感器…

用扫描电镜分析了再生丝素（ＲＳＦ）和聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＡ）混合膜的形貌结构，并测定了其吸水性和机械强度，用ＲＳＦ和ＰＶＡ的混合材料把葡萄糖氧化酶固定在玻碳电极表面，制成电流型葡萄糖传感器。以１，４－苯醌为电子传递体，酶电极对葡萄糖有灵敏的响应，峰电流的增加与葡萄糖的浓度在１０＾－５－１０＾－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内良好的线性关系。用此方法制成的葡萄糖传感器物理性能好，其有效寿命长达２个月以上，该酶电极对葡萄     

酶生物传感器中酶的固定化技术

综述了近年来国内外酶生物传感器的进展,介绍了制作酶生物传感器的关键技术——酶的固定化。固定化方法主要有吸附法、包埋法、共价键合法和交联法。固定化材料分为无机材料、有机聚合物材料、凝胶以及生物材料等。探讨了固定化方法和固定化材料对酶的固定化及酶生物传感器性能的影响,并结合自己的工作展望了酶生物传感器的发展方向和趋势。     

胶束微多相中生物催化反应的研究及其分析应用

本文对研究胶束微多相中的生物催化反应进行了讨论,并对过氧化物酶及其模拟酶在微多相中的分析应用作了评述。     

再生丝素和聚乙烯醇混合膜的结构、性能及其葡萄糖传感器的应用

用扫描电镜分析了再生丝素(RSF)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)混合膜的形貌结构,并测定了其吸水性和机械强度,用RSF和PVA的混合材料把葡萄糖氧化酶固定在玻碳电极表面,制成电流型葡萄糖传感器,以1,4-苯醌为电子传递体,酶电极对葡萄糖有灵敏的响应,峰电流的增加与葡萄糖的浓度在10^-5～10^-2mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系。用此方法制成的葡萄糖传感器物理性能好,其有效寿命长达2个月以上。该酶电极对葡萄糖的响应时间小于20s.     

促进非水相酶反应的研究进展

198 6年 klibanov[1] 发现 ,许多酶可以在有机相中进行有效的催化 ,而且有些酶在有机相中的活性和稳定性比在水相中还高 .随后十几年 ,对非水相酶反应的研究取得了突破性的进展 ,而且还实现了一些非水相酶反应在工业生产方面的应用 (如油脂改良等 ) .与水相中的酶反应相比 ,非水相中的酶反应有它独特的优越性 ,尤其是在有机合成方面 .主要表现在 :有利于疏水性物质的反应 ;可改变反应的平衡方向 ;可催化水相中不能进行的反应 ;可以控制底物专一性 ;可提高酶的稳定性 ;便于消除底物和产物的抑制作用 ;酶和产物易于回收 ;可减少微生物的污染 .…     

超声波电氧化合成纳米MnO_2及其在制备甘油醛中的应用

于阳离子隔膜的电解槽中,以MnO2/Mn2+电对作催化氧化的媒介,在超声波高频振荡下,电生成的MnO2颗粒以几十nm至几μm尺寸分散在溶液中.随后将甘油电化学氧化为甘油醛,该MnO2/Mn2+电对催化活性的选择性高,电流效率可达97.4%.     

提高Nb2O5中Ta2O5光谱分析的灵敏度

由于Ｎｂ２Ｏ５与Ｔａ２Ｏ５物理、化学性质相似，主体Ｎｂ２Ｏ５对Ｔａ分析线强度干扰很大。因此，Ｎｂ２Ｏ５中光谱测定Ｔａ２Ｏ５的灵敏度很差，为了提高Ｔａ分析线强度，通常的光谱条件选择是无效的。实验表明在旋流气室中，采用高含量Ａｒ的（Ａｒ、Ｏ２）控制气氛电弧激发，提高了Ｎｂ２Ｏ５中Ｔａ２Ｏ５的光谱分析灵敏度。然而，由于Ｎｂ２Ｏ５在高温下易于被碳还原，虽然用Ｓｔａｌｌｗｏｏｄ喷咀可以改善蒸发，减慢样品还原     

富氧条件下氢气选择催化还原氮氧化物研究的进展

 富氧条件下, 氢气选择催化还原 (H2-SCR) 是消除氮氧化物的有效方法. 本文介绍了 H2-SCR 反应特点及其研究现状, 重点总结和评述了应用于 H2-SCR 反应的氧化物和分子筛负载的 Pt 或 Pd 催化剂, 以及 H2-SCR 反应机理, 并展望了今后 H2-SCR 研究的方向.     

Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries

In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.     

Caveolin-1 is involved in reactive oxygen species-induced SHP-2 activation in astrocytes

Recent evidence supports a neuroprotective role of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) against ischemic brain injury. However, the molecular mechanisms of SHP-2 activation and those governing how SHP-2 exerts its function under oxidative stress conditions are not well understood. Recently we have reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress promotes the phosphorylation of endogenous SHP-2 through lipid rafts, and that this phosphorylation strongly occurs in astrocytes, but not in microglia. To investigate the molecules involved in events leading to phosphorylation of SHP-2, raft proteins were analyzed using astrocytes and microglia. Interestingly, caveolin-1 and -2 were detected only in astrocytes but not in microglia, whereas flotillin-1 was expressed in both cell types. To examine whether the H2O2-dependent phosphorylation of SHP-2 is mediated by caveolin-1, we used specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to downregulate caveolin- 1 expression. In the presence of caveolin-1 siRNA, the level of SHP-2 phosphorylation induced by H2O2 was significantly decreased, compared with in the presence of control siRNA. Overexpression of caveolin- 1 effectively increased H2O2-induced SHP-2 phosphorylation in microglia. Lastly, H2O2 induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in astrocytes through caveolin-1. Our results suggest that caveolin-1 is involved in astrocyte-specific intracellular responses linked to the SHP-2-mediated signaling cascade following ROS-induced oxidative stress.     

Context-dependent photodimerization in isolated thymine-thymine steps in DNA

The effect of 280 nm irradiation on a family of synthetic DNA hairpins possessing an alkane linker connecting a six-base pair stem having a single T-T step located at different positions within the hairpin has been investigated. A single adduct assigned to the product of 2+2 dimerization is obtained except in the case of a T-T step located adjacent to the linker, in which case both 2+2 and 6-4 adducts are obtained. The efficiency of dimerization is similar for three hairpins having a T-T step located within the duplex interior. Lower efficiency is observed for a T-T step located at the open end of the hairpin and in T overhangs, whereas higher efficiency is observed for the T-T step adjacent to the linker and in a single T bulge. The context-dependence of dimerization efficiency is discussed.     

Capturing transient structures in the elimination reaction of haloalkane in solution by transient X-ray diffraction

This Communication reports simultaneous tracking of structural and kinetic information for the photoinduced elimination reaction of 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane in solution by transient X-ray diffraction. The transient structure of .CF2CF2I is determined to be a classical mixture whereas .CH2CH2I is bridged. Compared with the gas phase reaction, the secondary dissociation of .CF2CF2I into C2F4 and I is slowed down by a factor of 6 in solution. Transient X-ray diffraction offers a complementary method for capturing transient structures in solution which might be invisible or "optically silent" in time-resolved optical spectroscopy.     

The nature of the AgI...AgI interaction in different Ag(NH3)2 dimers embedded in supramolecular solids

An isolated silver(I) ammonia monomer, a dimer, and a novel dimer containing an intercalated water molecule have been embedded as guests in supramolecular frameworks, [Ag(NH3)2][(H2thpe)(H3thpe)].MeCN (1), [{Ag(NH3)2}2][(H2thpe)2]4.25 H2O (2), and [{Ag(NH3)2}-H2O-{Ag(NH3)2}][(H2thpe)(2)]benzene (3) (H3THPE=tris(hydroxyphenyl)ethane). The [{Ag(NH3)2}2]2+ dimer is not stable as an isolated entity, but is stabilized by hydrogen bonding in the supramolecular framework. The water-intercalated silver(I) ammonia dimer, which constitutes a novel species, is also subject by hydrogen bonding in concentrated solutions. The destabilization energy of the dimer relative to isolated monomers is calculated to be approximately 300 kJ mol(-1) by both perturbation methods and DFT theory. For the water-intercalated dimer it is calculated to be approximately 200 kJ mol(-1) according to the BSSE-corrected MP2 calculation. The different aggregate states show a dramatic variation of absorption and emission properties, in accordance with the concentration dependent red-shift observed in solutions. Natural-bond-orbital analysis shows that the disilver-ammonium-aquo "sandwich" cation in 3 is stabilized by interaction between the pi lone pair orbital on the oxygen atom of the water molecule and Ag(I)--N sigma antibonding molecular orbital.     

介质阻挡放电引发氮氧化物等离子体化学反应

在523 K介质阻挡放电条件下,研究了不同气体组分体系中NO的转化.实验表明,在无氧体系(NO/N2)中,转化的NO主要分解为N2和O2.在富氧(NO/O2/N2)条件下,由于NO和NO2的生成, NO的转化率最低.体系中加入C2H4(NO/C2H4/N2)时, NO转化率与NO/N2体系几乎一样,与NO相比,生成的O更易与C2H4作用,几乎没有NO2的生成.当C2H4和O2共存时(NO/O2/C2H4/N2),NO主要被氧化为NO2.当能量密度为125 J•L－1时, 与其它体系相比,NO/O2/C2H4/N2体系中NO转化率和NO2生成量最大,转化每个 NO分子能耗最小(61 eV).体系中C2H4主要被氧化为CO.四个体系中N2O的生成量都较少.讨论了介质阻挡放电条件下上述四个体系可能的反应机制.