负极材料Li4Ti5O12的制备与性能研究

利用纳米二氧化钛(P25)粉为钛源,Li2CO3为锂源,采用固相法及高能球磨法制备亚微米级尖晶石Li4Ti5O12.将Li4Ti5O12与碳纳米管(CNTs)制备成复合电极作为工作电极与锂片组成电池进行电化学性能测试.通过SEM,XRD等表征材料形貌、结构及粒径分布,通过充放电测试表征其电化学性能.结果表明,在800℃合成温度及8h合成时间制备条件下可以得到小尺寸且颗粒均匀的亚微米晶体Li4Ti5O12,且合成的产物电化学性能最佳.在800℃及8h合成条件下,产物首次充放电容量分别为188.0 mAh/g和189.1 mAh/g,首次充放效率为99.4％,且具有良好的可逆性.     

采用溶液沉积及快速退火制备LiMn2O4薄膜的研究

采用溶液沉积及快速退火制备了不同厚度的LiMn2O4薄膜,用X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜检测分析薄膜的物相及形貌;采用恒电流充放电及交流阻抗技术研究了LiMn2O4薄膜的电化学性质.结果表明,制备的LiMn2O4薄膜均匀,晶粒大小相近,晶粒尺寸在20～50 nm之间.经热处理后LiMn2O4薄膜断面清晰,薄膜与基片之间扩散很轻微.随着薄膜厚度的增加,薄膜的粗糙度减小,平整度变好.不同厚度的LiMn2O4薄膜的比容量介于42～47 μAh/(cm2·μm)之间,经50次循环后,薄膜的容量损失率从0.18 μm的0.64;上升到1.04 μm的9.0;,循环性能随着薄膜厚度的增加而变差.电化学阻抗测试表明不同厚度的LiMn2O4薄膜锂离子扩散系数差别不大,数量级为10-11cm2/s.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4/C的制备及性能研究

采用液态混合、固相反应相结合制备了锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeSiO4/C,研究了合成温度对材料结构和电化学性能的影响.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和恒流充放电,电化学交流阻抗(EIS)等测试方法对材料的结构、表观形貌及电化学性能进行表征.考察焙烧温度对Li2FeSiO4/C材料合成及其性能的影响.结果表明:650℃的样品在25℃以0.1C进行恒流充放电,其首次放电容量为103.31 mAh/g,10次循环后的比容量为81.35mAh/g.     

焙烧温度对Li[Mn1/3Ni1/3CO1/3]O2结构及电化学性能影响

采用碳酸盐共沉淀法制备了Li[Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3]O2,研究了前驱体的焙烧温度对材料结构和电化学性能的影响.XRD测试结果表明,800℃下焙烧得到的样品具有较好的层状结构和较低的阳离子混排程度.SEM测试表明合成材料具有球状形貌,平均粒径可达5μm,组成它的一次颗粒粒径平均为200nm.在2.8～4.3V(vs.Li/Li+)0.2C条件下进行充放电测试,800℃下合成的样品的首次放电比容量最高(159.06mAh·g-1),容量损失最小,循环50次后能保持初始放电比容量的95.7;.EIS分析结果表明,800℃焙烧的样品的电化学活性最好.     

尖晶石LiMn2O4表面包覆TiO2与LiTi2(PO4)3及其性质研究

采用湿化学法对LiMn2O4进行TiO2及LiTi2 (PO4)3表面包覆.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、恒电流充放电等技术对合成产物进行物相、形貌和电化学分析.结果表明:TiO2及LiTi2(PO4)3包覆LiMn2O4与未包覆LiMn2O4具有相似的X射线衍射结果.室温和55℃以0.5C倍率充放电循环20次后,TiO2包覆LiMn2O4的容量保持率分别为98.2;和95.3;,LiTi2(PO4)3包覆LiMn2O4的容量保持率分别为99.1;和96.8;,高于未包覆LiMn2O4的94.6;和92.2;.表面包覆LiTi2(PO4)3后LiMn2O4的锂离子扩散系数变化不大,但包覆TiO2后的锂离子扩散系数略有下降.     

碳源对锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2（PO4）3性能的影响

分别以柠檬酸、葡萄糖和蔗糖为碳源,采用球磨与碳热还原结合法制备了锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C。采用TG-DTA分析确定了合成过程的反应机理。通过XRD、SEM及恒电流充放电等测试研究了碳源对产物物理及电化学特性的影响。结果表明,碳源的选择对产物形貌和电化学性能影响较大。不同碳源制备的材料都具有单一相的Li3V2(PO4)3晶体结构,以柠檬酸为碳源制备的磷酸钒锂综合电化学性能较好,0.1 C和1 C条件下,首次放电容量分别为151.0 mAh·g-1和131.6 mAh.g-1,50次循环后容量保持率为95.0%和96.6%。     

CaTi_2O_4(OH)_2片状结构向CaTiO_3片状结构转化及其性能研究

通过控制水含量,用水热法制备了CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构。通过对水含量为50 mol条件下所制备的CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构煅烧来制备CaTiO3片状结构。当热处理温度≤400℃,CaTi2O4(OH)2纳米片状结构稳定存在。当热处理温度为650℃和750℃,制备了CaTiO3片状结构。采用XRD、SEM和TEM等测试方法对片状结构进行表征,并对CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构向CaTiO3片状结构转化的反应过程和形成机理进行分析。在热处理温度400℃时,样品的首次放电比容量最大,可达到168.5 mAh/g。当热处理温度继续升高到650℃和750℃,样品的首次充放电容量分别为18.9 mAh/g和5 mAh/g。这说明发育完善的CaTi2O4(OH)2片状结构有利于电化学过程中离子的嵌入和脱出。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成3LiMnPO4·Li3V2(PO4)3及其电化学性能研究

以柠檬酸为络合剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂,偏钒酸铵、乙酸锰、磷酸二氢铵、氢氧化锂为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了xLiMnPO4·yLi3V2(PO4)3锂离子电池复合正极材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和微观形貌进行表征,结果表明在700℃下烧结15 h合成的3LiMnPO4·Li3V2(PO4)3为结晶良好的两相结构,颗粒粒径相对较小且分布均匀.电化学性能研究表明,3LiMnPO4·Li3V2(PO4)3在室温0.2C倍率下首次充放电容量分别为148.2 mAh/g和141.5 mAh/g,循环50次后放电容量为136.7 mAh/g.     

新型锂离子电池复合负极材料3Li4Ti5O12·NiO的制备及性能研究

采用喷雾干燥法合成了3Li4Ti5O12·NiO复合负极材料.XRD结果表明,复合NiO没有改变Li4Ti5On的晶体结构.SEM结果表明,样品为直径0.5～3 μm的球形颗粒.电化学测试结果表明,3Li4Ti5O12·NiO较Li4Ti5O12倍率性能和循环性能得到极大地提高.该复合材料在0.1C、1C和20 C倍率下的放电比容量分别为372.8 mAh·g-1、252.6 mAh·g-1和204.8 mAh·g-1,在20C倍率下循环300次后的容量保持率为98.7;.     

基于聚合反应制备的钛离子掺杂LiFePO4/C复合材料

首先基于聚合反应合成FePO4/PANI前驱体,再以为LiOH·H2O,FePO4/PANI 和 PVA原料制备了LiFePO4正极材料,此外再对其进行碳包覆以及Ti4+掺杂,三种试样分别标记为LiFePO4,LiFePO4/C及LiFe0.96Ti0.02PO4/C.通过XRD、EDS及充放电测试等手段表征了材料的微观结构与电化学性能.实验结果证明:试样的XRD图谱均与标准LiFePO4图谱一致,不存在无定形碳衍射峰.与未掺杂试样LiFePO4/C相比,LiFe0.96Ti0.02PO4/C的电子电导率与其相近,但离子扩散系数有所改善,Ti4+在晶格中均匀分布,因此与其他两试样相比,其电化学性能更好.试样在C/10、C/2、1C、3C及5C倍率下的放电比容量为158.7 mAh·g-1、153.3 mAh·g-1、147.6 mAh·g-1、136.4 mAh·g-1及123.5 mAh·g-1,具有良好的倍率性能与电位稳定性.     

Gd3Ga5O12:Nd3+ crystals for a continuous-wave diode-pumped laser operating in 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 and 4F3/2 → 4I13/2 channels

Garnet crystals of the composition Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂:Nd³⁺ (concentration series C_Nd = 1–10 at. %) were grown from flux. In terms of spectroscopy, these crystals, unlike those grown from melts, form medium with a single activator center. For the first time, continuous-wave lasing was excited by diode pumping with the use of Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂:Nd³⁺ crystals at the wavelengths λ₃ = 1.3315 and λ₄ = 1.3370 μm of the ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_13/2 channel and also the simultaneous generation at two wavelengths, λ₁ = 1.0621 and λ₂ = 1.0600 μm, of the ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_11/2 channel.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of the mixed anion glasses Li4SiO4---Li3BO3

The structure and the mixed anion effect in the conductivity have been examined for the mixed anion glasses Li₄SiO₄---Li₃BO₃ by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Structure factors derived from the MD simulation are in good agreement with those from derived from the XRD analysis of the actual glasses, showing that the MD simulation successfully reproduces the actual glass structure. Moreover, the enhancement of the diffusion coefficients of the Li⁺ ions in the middle of the composition range in the system Li₄SiO₄---Li₃BO₃ is simulated by the MD calculation. Structural analysis of the glasses derived from the MD simulation revealed that the increase in the halfwidth of the modified radial distribution function of the Li---O pairs due to the mixing of two ortho-oxoanions is one of the factors in the origin of the mixed anion effect in the conductivity.     

Bi4Si3O12-Bi4Ge3O12赝二元系统析晶行为及其晶体生长

本文采用固相合成方法制备了Bi4(GexSi1-x)3O12(BGSO)固溶体(x=0～0.4),研究了它的固溶特性和析晶行为。实验结果表明,不同组成混合料在900℃左右固相反应能生成BGSO纯相;XRD分析显示,在x=0～0.4区间内,Bi4Si3O12和Bi4Ge3O12可以完全互溶,其晶格常数随x的增加呈线性增长。采用坩埚下降法生长了x=0.15组成的BGSO混晶,获得了透明晶体,并测试了晶体的光学性能。     

CaCO3/g-C3N4复合材料的制备及吸附性能研究

利用三聚氰胺和碳酸钙成功合成了一种新型吸附剂CaCO3/g-C3 N4.通过XRD,FT-IR,SEM,TEM和BET对CaCO3/g-C3 N4的结构进行深入研究.实验结果表明:CaCO3/g-C3 N4对结晶紫(CV)具有快速、高效的吸附性能(89.34;)和出色的吸附容量(1209.75 mg/g).CaCO3/g-C3 N4对CV的吸附符合准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型.同时,基于吸附前后吸附剂的FT-IR和XPS分析,得出π-π堆积,n-π相互作用和氢键协同效应是CaCO3/g-C3 N4选择性吸附CV的重要因素.     

Enantiomorphism of the Ca3Ga2Ge4O14 compound and comparison of the Ca3Ga2Ge4O14 and Sr3Ga2Ge4O14 structures

The absolute crystal structures of two enantiomorphic forms of the Ca₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ crystals (a = 8.075(1) ?, c = 4.9723(6) ?, space group P321) with the positive and negative senses of the optical activity are determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. The final R factors are as follows: R = 1.75% and R _w = 2.57% for the crystal with the positive sense of the optical activity and R = 1.86% and R _w = 2.78% for the crystal with the negative sense of the optical activity. The replacement of the Ca²⁺ ions by larger Sr²⁺ ions (with the formation of the Sr₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ compound) leads to an anisotropic expansion of the crystal lattice (with a more considerable increase in the lattice parameter a as compared to the lattice parameter c), a change in the occupation of the 1a and 3f positions by the Ga³⁺ and Ge⁴⁺ ions, and symmetrization of the octahedra and tetrahedra forming the structural framework. The shape of the dodecahedron changes so that its size along the polar electric axis 2 increases significantly. This change is the main factor responsible for the increase in the piezoelectric activity of the Sr₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ compound as compared to the piezoelectric activity of the Ca₃Ga₂Ge₄O₁₄ compound. Original Russian Text ? B.V. Mill, A.A. Klimenkova, B.A. Maximov, V.N. Molchanov, D.Yu. Pushcharovsky, 2007, published in Kristallografiya, 2007, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 816–823.     

Crystal Structures of 6-methyl-3-phenylsulfonylchroman-4-one and trans -6-methyl-3-phenylsulfonylchroman-4-ol

The crystal structures of (i) CH₃(C₉H₆O₂)SO₂C₆H₅ and (ii) CH₃(C₈H₈O₂)SO₂−C₆H₅ have been determined by X-ray diffraction. (i) crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c with unit cell parametersa=8.814(1)?,b=10.310(1)?,c=15.841(4)?, β=98.17(1)^o, andZ=4, and (ii) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupP2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell parametersa=6.206(1)?,b=11.752(5)?,c=19.865(3)?, andZ=4. The pyran ring in both of them is in the distorted half-chair conformation with differeing degrees of distortion from the ideal.     

石墨烯/Fe3O4/ZnO磁性纳米催化材料的制备及其性能研究

以石墨烯为助催化剂,借助水热法合成石墨烯/Fe3O4/ZnO磁性纳米复合光催化材料对ZnO改性.光催化降解测试显示复合材料对对硝基苯酚和罗丹明B降解率可分别达到95.7;和94.2;,重复试验3次后,降解率仍超过90;.对复合材料在光催化体系中磁性回收利用进行了研究,其饱和磁化强度为23.05 emu·g-1,并讨论了其光催化反应机理.     

YAl3(BO3)4: Crystal growth and characterization

The growth and characterization of YAl₃(BO₃)₄ (YAB), a potential nonlinear optical crystal for the fourth harmonic generation of Nd:YAG laser, was reported. Using top-seeded solution growth method, a YAB crystal with the dimensions of 16×16×18 mm³ was obtained from B₂O₃–Li₂O flux system. The advantages of this flux system and the growth process were discussed in detail. The as-grown YAB crystal was verified by powder X-ray diffraction. The transparency spectra indicated that the cut-off edge of the as-grown YAB was 170 nm. The fourth harmonic generation of a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser, from 532 to 266 nm, was carried out with a YAB crystal doubler for the first time. Output pulse power obtained was 2.4 mW at 266 nm and the conversion efficiency from 532 to 266 nm was about 15.6%.     

Z机制光催化三元复合材料RGO/WO3/g-C3N4结构及光催化性能

以一步水热法合成了还原氧化石墨烯/三氧化钨/石墨相氮化碳(RGO/WO3/g-C3 N4)三元光催化复合材料,并对其结构、形貌及光电性能进行了表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)和盐酸四环素(TC-HCl)为降解目标物,评价了三元复合材料的光催化性能.基于自由基捕获实验和光催化反应结果分析了三元复合材料的光催化机制.结果表明:三元光催化复合材料中,三种物质紧密接触形成异质结构,与WO3和g-C3 N4单体及其二元复合材料相比,其可见吸收光谱有明显的红移,具有更低的光致发光光谱强度.复合材料有效的改善了电子-空穴对的复合,具有很好的光催化活性,最优配比组成的样品为0.2;RGO/WO3/g-C3 N4,光照240 min后,对RhB降解效果高达97.58;,其光催化效果优于WO3、g-C3 N4、RGO/g-C3 N4和WO3/g-C3 N4.催化降解过程中的主要活性物种是·O2-,其次是h+、·OH,反应过程中半导体的电子转移机制符合Z机制.