泰安市城区土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

为了解泰安市城区土壤重金属污染特征,对采集的30件土壤样品中6种重金属含量进行测定,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法开展污染状况评价。结果表明：土壤中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ni的平均含量分别为6.72、0.066、20.33、18.19、0.031和19.92 mg.kg^-1,其中As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni的平均含量均低于泰安市和山东省土壤背景值,Hg的平均含量略高于泰安市土壤背景值,变异系数大于0.6,其含量受人类活动影响较大,空间分布差异性较大;除Hg的单因子污染指数为1.03,严重污染、中度污染、轻微污染和无污染采样点数量占比分别为3%、7%、23%和67%,其他重金属单因子污染指数平均值小于1,为无污染状态;重金属内梅罗综合污染指数平均为1.58～1.64,整体属于轻污染水平;土壤重金属累积较轻,多数为无污染状态,Hg的最大地累积指数为1.29,达中等-强污染(3级);综合生态风险指数RI的范围为39.96～191.81,平均值为77.60,综合生态风险等级为轻微,为低生态风险区,Hg为引起风险的主要因子;Cu、Ni含量较低,富集主要受土壤母质和自然过程的控制;Pb、Cd、As主要来源于自然背景因素,部分受人类活动影响;Hg的污染来源于化肥、塑料地膜和含重金属的无机农药使用,受农业活动和居民生活影响较大。     

Research on Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil within the Upper Reaches of Lancang River

为了解澜沧江中上游流域矿区的开采和利用对周围生态环境的影响因素,通过选择对该矿区中3种重金属污染物Pb、Cd、Mn进行了调查和实验.确定澜沧江中上游流域的相应采样面,通过湿消化法处理样品,原子吸收光谱法测定了重金属的含量,并作了重金属污染评价.结果表明,澜沧江中上游流域矿区土壤Cd平均值为21.89 mg/kg,超标率为100％,土壤中重金属含量由高到低为Cd,Mn,Pb,重金属之间相关性不显著(P＞0.05).研究区土壤已经被严重污染,单项污染指数由高到低为Cd(21),Pb(0.87),Mn(0.81).可见澜沧江中上游流域矿区土壤中Pb、Cd、Mn的污染已经呈现出了危害人群健康的趋势,其中Pb、Cd污染最严重,对于重金属污染应采取综合治理措施.     

应用地质累积指数评价南昌市城市污泥重金属污染

应用地质累积指数对南昌市城市污泥(包括污水处理厂污泥和纸厂废水处理污泥)的重金属污染进行了分析评价。结果表明,城市污泥重金属中Pb、Cr按地质累积指数分级均为0,属无污染;As地质累积指数为0～1之间,表现为无污染～中度污染;青山湖污水处理厂污泥主要的重金属污染元素为Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn,其平均的地质累积指数为2～4,表现为中度污染～强污染。     

西南山地煤矿区耕地土壤-农作物重金属富集及健康风险评价

为了解西南某典型山地煤矿区周边农田土壤、农作物重金属的富集情况及对当地人群健康的影响程度,采集矿区周边农田土壤样品和对应的农作物样品,测定重金属Cr、Mn、Zn、As、Pb的含量。运用Nemero指数法、潜在风险指数法对土壤重金属的污染程度进行评价;采用靶标危害系数法(THQ)评价农作物重金属对人体的健康风险。结果显示,Cr、Mn、Zn、As、Pb分别是背景值的1.81、1.90、2.89、1.30、0.86倍,处于轻度污染级别,轻微危害程度。农作物重金属Cr、Pb和As含量的超标情况较严重,Zn的含量超标相对较小。各农作物富集的重金属对人体的健康风险大小为：高粱>玉米>白菜>葱>辣椒。农作物重金属对儿童健康的危害均达到了慢性中毒;对成人健康的影响,高粱处于慢性中毒,其它农作物重金属处于产生较大影响的危害程度。农作物重金属与土壤重金属的相关性分析表明,农作物重金属的含量与土壤重金属全量并无线性关系;各重金属在农作物中的转移能力不同;Pb,As在农作物中的转移能力较大,而Cr相对较小。鉴于矿区重金属的富集情况,应尽快采取修复治理措施,为保证当地人群健康,建议当地居民不再食用和种植富集重金属严重的高粱、玉米农作物。     

长沙市公园土壤重金属调查与评价

根据对长沙市公园土壤的重金属含量测定结果,采用内梅罗综合污染指数对其进行了评价,并运用相关分析、聚类分析进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,岳麓山公园、烈士公园土壤重金属含量较低,月亮岛土壤重金属含量较高。通过内梅罗综合污染指数评价,认为岳麓山公园土壤属于安全级别,未发生重金属污染;烈士公园土壤中Cr、Hg、Cd属轻污染,其余重金属无污染;月亮岛中土壤重金属污染相对严重,其中Zn、Cd属重污染。通过相关分析表明,与pH值呈正相关的为Cr、Zn、Pb、As;聚类分析研究表明,在距离为20分为两大类Cr、Zn;Hg、Cd、Cu、As、Pb、pH。     

万宁小海表层沉积物中重金属物质的空间分布特征及生态风险分析

为了解万宁小海海域表层沉积物重金属污染状况,2020年5月在小海潟湖采集18个沉积物样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定5种重金属含量,采用原子荧光光度计测定总汞和砷,并分析归纳出重金属分布特征。采用Hakanson的潜在生态风险指数法识别小海表层沉积物潜在生态风险程度,以及运用富集系数和地累积法进一步评价小海表层沉积物重金属的污染程度。结果表明：Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As含量平均值分别为7.26 mg/kg、27.08 mg/kg、75.06 mg/kg、0.16 mg/kg、38.43 mg/kg、0.054 mg/kg、4.66 mg/kg,均符合第一类海洋沉积物质量标准。7种元素的潜在生态风险程度依序为Hg＞Cd＞Pb＞As＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn,其中Hg和Cd为主要潜在生态危害因子,其综合潜在生态风险等级已达到中等级风险;富集系数评价和地质累积系数评价污染程度依次为：Cd＞Hg＞Pb＞Zn＞Cr＞As＞Cu;表层沉积物中TOC 含量与 Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd 和 Cr 含量具存在显著正相关,与粒度呈一定的负相关。     

开封县污水处理厂污泥资源化利用的潜在生态风险分析

以开封县污水处理厂污泥为实验材料,分析了污泥基本理化性质和Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Ni、Zn、Mn等元素的含量,利用BCR提取法研究其存在形态特征,并利用潜在生态危害指数法(RI),对污泥中重金属农用可能带来的潜在风险进行了综合性评价.结果表明,污泥的基本理化性质满足CJ/T309-2009农用泥质标准,污泥中所测元素含量均符合国家农用控制标准(GB 18918-2002),但Zn、Cu、Cr、As、Mn含量高于开封市潮土背景值.污泥中Mn主要以酸溶态和可还原态形式存在,Zn主要以可还原态形式存在,Ni在5种形态的分布差异不大,Cu、Pb主要以有机物结合态形式存在.单因子指数、内梅罗综合污染指数、地累积指数法对供试污泥样品的评价结果均为重污染水平,潜在生态危害指数48.92,属低风险水平.     

湛江湾红树林湿地土壤重金属含量分析及污染评价

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对湛江湾红树林湿地土壤中8种重金属(As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)含量进行测定,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和地累积指数法进行污染评价,并结合相关性分析和因子分析方法探讨重金属来源。结果表明:除Ni外,其余7种重金属元素含量平均值均未超过国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-2018);但Ni、Zn、Cu、Hg、As和Cd元素均超过广东砖红壤环境背景值,其中As、Ni、Hg和Zn元素超标情况严重。8种重金属元素内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果为0.373～22.576,平均值为3.378,整体处于重度污染;单因子污染指数依次为NiHgZnCdAsCuPbCr。单个重金属元素地累积指数评价结果与内梅罗综合污染评价相一致,均显示红树林土壤中Hg、Zn和Ni元素污染严重,是影响研究区土壤环境质量的重要因素。从站位看,位于湾内北部的北涯村、观海长廊以及西部的世乔村站位污染较严重,高污染站位约占总站位数的33%,主要为Cd、Hg和Zn。统计分析结果显示,除Ni外,湛江湾红树林土壤中7种重金属元素之间显著相关;结合实地调查结果推测重金属污染主要来自工业污染、船舶排污、养殖排污、生活排污及农业面源污染等人为活动的输入,其次为自然因子的输入。     

湛江湾红树林湿地土壤重金属含量分析及污染评价

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对湛江湾红树林湿地土壤中8种重金属(As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)含量进行测定,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和地累积指数法进行污染评价,并结合相关性分析和因子分析方法探讨重金属来源。结果表明:除Ni外,其余7种重金属元素含量平均值均未超过国家土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-2018);但Ni、Zn、Cu、Hg、As和Cd元素均超过广东砖红壤环境背景值,其中As、Ni、Hg和Zn元素超标情况严重。8种重金属元素内梅罗综合污染指数评价结果为0.373~22.576,平均值为3.378,整体处于重度污染;单因子污染指数依次为Ni>Hg>Zn>Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Cr。单个重金属元素地累积指数评价结果与内梅罗综合污染评价相一致,均显示红树林土壤中Hg、Zn和Ni元素污染严重,是影响研究区土壤环境质量的重要因素。从站位看,位于湾内北部的北涯村、观海长廊以及西部的世乔村站位污染较严重,高污染站位约占总站位数的33%,主要为Cd、Hg和Zn。统计分析结果显示,除Ni外,湛江湾红树林土壤中7种重金属元素之间显著相关;结合实地调查结果推测重金属污染主要来自工业污染、船舶排污、养殖排污、生活排污及农业面源污染等人为活动的输入,其次为自然因子的输入。     

缅甸进口姜黄无机元素分析研究

目的：通过测定缅甸进口姜黄中26种无机元素,并对进口姜黄中重金属含量进行风险评价,为缅甸进口姜黄的质量控制奠定基础。方法：采用微波消解ICP-MS法对24批来自缅甸地区的姜黄进行26种无机元素的测定,通过靶标危害系数（THQ）和总危害指数（HI）对Pb、Cd、Cu 3种元素进行非致癌风险评价,用终生致癌风险（R）对As进行致癌风险评价。结果：结果表明,缅甸进口姜黄中含有24种无机元素,其中K、Na、Mg、Ca 4种营养元素含量占比24种无机元素的92.39%。缅甸姜黄中均未检出Sn、Hg 2种金属元素,Pb、Cd、As、Cu 、Hg5种重金属元素含量均符合2020版中国药典限定值。经过缅甸姜黄中Cu、Pb、Cd 3种重金属元素健康风险评价,THQ和HI均小于1,表明人体通过缅甸姜黄摄入的Cu、Pb、Cd不会对人体造成非致癌伤害。经过对姜黄中As的致癌健康风险评价,致癌风险R为7.72 x10-6,低于世界卫生组织建议的致癌风险值（1.00 x 10-5）,通过缅甸姜黄摄入的总As不存在致癌风险。结论：总体而言,缅甸进口姜黄重金属元素保持在较好水平。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.