刚体一般运动的描述

刚体的一般运动是刚体运动学中最复杂的一类运动,其求解通常需要借助欧拉定理或沙勒定理.通过这两个定理,我们可以把刚体的一般运动分解成较简单的定轴转动和平动.本文主要应用代数理论中的正交矩阵描述刚体的运动,并用代数语言分析了定点转动的本征问题,证明了欧拉定理.随后,将刚体的定点转动进行分解,并给出了物理图像和推导结论,完成了对刚体复杂的一般运动的简单描述.     

一般运动刚体的瞬时螺旋轴

本文导出了一般运动刚体的速度最小值、速度量小值点的位矢、速度最小值点加速度的数学表达式．通过这些公式的讨论验证了一般运动刚体瞬时螺旋轴的存在，给出了清晰的物理图象和几何图象；把潘索定理推广到刚体的一般运动情形，给出了一般运动刚体上任一点速度的又一求法．作为其特例讨论了刚体的定点转动和平面平行运动．     

用广义正交轴定理和一般平行轴定理计算刚体对轴的转动惯量和惯量积

本文用广义正交轴定理和一般平行轴定理计算刚体作定点运动时的惯量张量各元素．     

刚体力学(续)

二、刚体动力学 1.概述 解决刚体动力学问题的依据是质点组动力学的几个普遍定理.在刚体运动学中已证明,虽然刚体可看作由无穷多质点组成,但描述其最复杂的运动──自由运动只需六个独立变量,因此解决刚体自由运动的动力学问题也只需六个独立的方程.质心运动定理(即质点组动量定理)可确定刚体质心的运动(即平动的规律);动量矩定理(相对固定点的、或相对质心的)可确定刚体转动的规律,这两个定理正好提供六个独立的方程,足以解决刚体动力学的全部问题.因此,对刚体来说,质点组动能定理虽然仍然适用,但它必然是上述两个定理联合的结果,不会给出…     

质心运动定理演示实验

引言 质心运动定理∑F=ma。是刚体力学中的一个基本规律,是这个部份的教学重点之一。为使学生理解质心运动定理及由此导出的结论,我们设计了下面两个演示实验。 实验一 验证静止刚体仅受力偶的作用时,刚体绕质心转动,而不是绕力偶中心转动。 1.原理和设计思想静止刚体在一力偶的作用下,所受的合外力为零,根据质心运动定理,质心的加速度为零。如刚体原来静止,则在力偶作用下,质心不动,刚体绕共质心转动。应该注意,质心运动定理与外力的作用点无关,即无论力偶作用在刚体的什么地方,刚体总是绕其质心转动。例如图1所示为浮在水面上的木棒,当力…     

柯尼希定理的实验研究

介绍了刚体平面平行运动中的柯尼希定理的验证实验,并用三种不同形状的刚体验证了柯尼希定理。     

质心运动定理演示实验

质心运动定理∑F=ma是刚体力学中的一个基本规律,是教学重点之一.为使学生理解质心运动定理及由此导出的结论,我们设计了下面的演示实验,验证静止刚体受力偶的作用时,刚体绕质心转动,而不是绕力偶中心转动.     

刚体转动惯量垂直轴定理的推广

我们通常理解的刚体转动惯量垂直轴定理，只适用于薄层状物体．本文把垂直轴定理推广到任意刚体，给出计算公式，并用示例说明其应用．推广了的垂直轴定理，为计算刚体（特别是旋转体）的转动惯量提供了一种既简单又实用的方法．     

特定条件下相对动点的动量矩定理的简洁形式及其应用

理论力学教材中,刚体平面运动微分方程是利用质心运动定理结合相对质心的动量矩定理导出的,其对于解决刚体平面运动动力学问题提供了普遍的方法,但在有些情况下,采用其他形式的平面运动方程可以更为简洁.为提高特定条件下应用平面运动微分方程解题的效率,给出了质点系相对动点的动量矩定理的一般形式,结合质心运动定理,得到平面运动微分方程的其他形式.讨论了特殊情况下定理的简化条件及简化形式,举例说明了简化形式的动量矩定理结合质心运动定理在解题中的应用,与一般形式的平面运动微分方程相比,可以使解题过程大为简化.     

对称陀螺运动的简明分析方法

本文就对称则体的情况提出一种求解刚体定点运动（即对称陀螺运动）的新方法．即，用节线坐标系代替固定在刚体上的主轴坐标系作为角动量定理的投影坐标系；在重力陀螺运动的分析中，用等效势分析代替解三次方程．此法较之通行的解欧勒动力学方程的方法，在计算方面明显简化，且更具直观性．     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.