Electronic structure of strontium titanate

The spectra of three sets of optical functions for SrTiO₃ crystals are determined in a broad energy range of fundamental absorption. The calculations are carried out using the experimental reflectivity spectrum in the range 1–35 eV and two theoretical permittivity spectra in the ranges 0–30 eV and 0–14 eV. The special features of these spectra have been determined. The theoretical spectra of the optical functions are compared with the spectra determined using the experimental reflectivity spectrum.     

Defects forming the optical absorption edge in TlGaSe2 layered crystal

In this work, we present the results of optical experiments designed to investigate the changes in optical absorption spectra of TlGaSe₂ ferroelectric-semiconductor with incommensurate (INC) phase in experimental conditions where crystal is kept several hours within the INC-phase (the regime of so called “memory” effect). The fundamental absorption of TlGaSe₂, experimentally investigated by optical transmission measurements performed in the temperature range 15–300 K. An extraordinary modification of the optical absorption edge in the range of Urbach's tail is discovered as a result of the annealing within the INC-phase. The role of native defects forming the band edge in the observed phenomena in TlGaSe₂ is discussed.     

The spectrum of the photoinduced change in the absorption coefficient of doped Y3Fe5O12 single crystals

For yttrium iron garnet single crystals with different types of majority impurities, the spectra of the photoinduced change in the absorption coefficient α are studied experimentally in the spectral range 0.7–1.9 μm. It is shown that the features of these spectra depend on both the impurity type in the crystal and the spectrum of the illuminating radiation. The experimental results can be explained in terms of the change in the Fe²⁺(Fe⁴⁺) absorption and the changed intensity of optical transitions in the Fe³⁺ ions in the vicinity of charged defects.     

纳米硅薄膜光吸收谱的研究

用恒定光电导法测量了纳米硅(其晶粒尺寸为3-5nm,晶态成分比X_c为45％—50％)薄膜在0.9—2.5eV范围的光吸收谱。分析了在不同光子能量范围可能存在的对光电导作主要贡献的几种光跃迁过程,以及随着X_c的增加,材料由非晶、微晶转变为纳米硅薄膜时光吸收谱的变化。发现纳米硅晶粒之间的界面区(平均厚度约为1nm)中载流子的跃迁及传输过程对整个范围的光吸收谱起主导作用。联系纳米硅的这种特殊结构解释了有关实验结果。 关键词：     

The optical properties and energy transition process in nanocomposite of polyvinyl-pyrrolidone polymer and Mn-doped ZnS

This study has been carried out on the optical properties of polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), the energy transition process in nanocomposite of PVP capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystalline and the influence of the PVP concentration on the optical properties of the PVP capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystalline thin films synthesized by the wet chemical method. The microstructures of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, the atomic absorption spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the prepared samples belonged to the sphalerite structure with the average particle size of about 2–3 nm. The optical properties of samples are studied by measuring absorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and time-resolved PL spectra in the wavelength range from 200 to 700 nm at 300 K. From data of the absorption spectra, the absorption edge of PVP polymer was found about of 230 nm. The absorption edge of PVP capped ZnS:Mn nanoparticles shifted from 322 to 305 nm when the PVP concentration increases. The luminescence spectra of PVP showed a blue emission with peak maximum at 394 nm. The luminescence spectra of ZnS:Mn–PVP exhibits a blue emission with peak maximum at 437 nm and an orange–yellow emission of ion Mn²⁺ with peak maximum at 600 nm. While the PVP coating did not affect the microstructure of ZnS:Mn nanomaterial, the PL spectra of the PVP capped ZnS:Mn samples were found to be affected strongly by the PVP concentration.     

Optical clearing of human dura mater

The changes in the optical parameters of the human dura mater in the spectral range 400–700 nm caused by the action of an aqueous solution of mannitol with a concentration of 0.16 g/ml are studied in vitro. The diffusion of mannitol into the tissue leads to a partial matching between the refractive indices of the structure-forming elements (the collagen fibrils) and the base substance of the dura mater (the interstitial fluid). As a result, the light scattering by the biological tissue in the entire spectral range under study is decreased, on the average, by a factor of 1.5–2. The immersion of the biological tissue is shown to cause a decrease in the absorption of the dura mater in the range of the blood absorption bands by a factor of 1.2–1.6. The results presented may prove to be useful in the laser therapy and optical diagnostics of brain diseases.     

Magnetic circular dichroism and the nature of ferromagnetism in colloidal gold nanoparticles

The spectra of optical absorption and of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) have been measured in the 350–1150 nm wavelength range for a set of colloidal solutions containing Au nanoparticles with the average size of 6 nm having thiolate coatings with different degrees of chirality. The form of absorption and MCD spectra suggests the dipole character of interband transitions involving the 5d-6(sp) orbitals. The absence (within the experimental error) of the dependence of the MCD spectra on the coating type rules out the hypothesis on the orbital nature of the observed magnetism. We argue that the spin polarization plays the dominant role in the magnetism of gold nanoparticles with a thiolate coating.     

双光子吸收光谱

本文报道以皮秒脉冲激光抽运的光参量放大器为宽带可调谐激发光源，直接测量非线性光学材料的双光子吸收谱的方法。光参量放大器不但可调谐谱带很宽，而且可用一对尼科尔棱镜很容易地实现全波段功率足够强和相等，使此方法的测量结果准确可靠。用此方法研究了一个新有机化合物的双光子吸收谱。实验结果表明所测的新有机化合物在很宽的波长范围内呈现出很大的双光子吸收截面。     

溶剂对光致变色材料-乙基红的光学特性影响

研究了溶剂性质对光致变色材料乙基红光学性质的影响.用吸收谱测定了乙基红染料在不同溶剂中的溶剂化位移.对相同浓度多种乙基红溶液进行了Z-scan测量,测量了不同乙基红溶液的光限幅效应,并讨论了其与溶剂之间的关系.随极性增加,吸收谱蓝移,可以通过选择不同溶剂,改变非线性材料的应用窗口.实验结果表明,在连续光照射下,乙基红溶液的非线性折射主要由热效应引起,非线性折射系数n2受溶剂的热学性质影响较大.此外,Z-scan结果中的非线性吸收为饱和吸收.至于光限幅效应,主要受热效应影响,但亦可由吸收谱预测出在某波长处的动态范围.得出的结论有助于偶氮染料作为非线性材料的应用.     

Experimental and theoretical studies on the one‐photon and two‐photon properties of a series of carbazole derivatives containing styrene

Symmetric‐type carbazole derivatives show great potential for application in two‐photon absorption (TPA) materials and organic light‐emitting diodes. The absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra of three different N‐alkyl symmetric‐type carbazole derivatives were investigated. The density functional theory (DFT) time‐dependent‐DFT//Becke, three‐parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr/6‐31 G* method has been used to theoretically study one‐photon absorption properties. The computational results are in good agreement with the available experimental values. The two‐photon excited fluorescence of the compounds was surveyed by 120 fs pulse at 790 nm Ti: sapphire laser operating at 1 kHz repetition rate. Two‐photon excited fluorescence was obtained in the range of 380–600 nm, and TPA cross‐sections were calculated. The TPA properties of the series of compounds were investigated by the ZINDO/single and double electronic excitation configuration interaction method. The influence of the chemical structure of the compounds on two‐photon optical properties was discussed. The results show how the different changes in one‐photon absorption and TPA properties on the basis of lengthening the conjugated bridge and the different carbazole N‐alkyl substituents are attributed to the transition dipole moment in the excited process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Transmission and absorption based photoacoustic methods of determination of the optical absorption spectra of Si samples — Comparison

This paper is a comparison of two photoacoustic methods of determination of the optical absorption coefficient spectra of semiconductors illustrated with results obtained from Si samples. It presents experimental transmission and absorption photoacoustic spectra of Si samples as also the appropriate models leading to the determination of optical absorption coefficient spectra. The idea and the experimental set-up of the analyzed methods are presented in the paper too. From the fitting procedure of theoretical characteristics to experimental transmission and absorption photoacoustic spectra and after computations of the optical absorption coefficient spectra three components of the optical absorption coefficient spectra of Si samples were identified i.e. band to band transitions, Urbach tail and free carrier absorption. Their parameters are given and discussed in the paper. At the end the advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, no such proof of the correctness of the PA method of determination of optical absorption spectra has been done.     

电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS的光谱研究

实验研究了电压敏感染料di-4-ANEPPS在家兔心肌组织中的吸收光谱和荧光光谱特性。结果表明,含染料组织的光吸收普遍大于对照组,在450～550 nm波段吸收谱差异更明显;染料在心室组织中的最大吸收峰为(479.75±0.44) nm。通过测量含染料心脏不同部位的荧光光谱,首次发现心室组织、心房组织和主动脉的最大荧光峰位有一定差异,其相对荧光强度则与染料的分布浓度有关。根据三维和二维荧光光谱分别确定了含染料心房和心室组织的最佳荧光激发波长和荧光测定波长。利用心房和心室组织的静息电位差,在不同波长激发光下测量了染料的荧光光谱移动,确定了光标测量实验的最佳激发光和相应荧光检测波长范围。这些研究结果为心脏光学标测系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

Photoacoustic operation modes for determination of absorption spectra of SiGe mixed crystals

This paper presents comparison of two photoacoustic modes of determination of optical absorption spectra of semiconductors illustrated with the results obtained for SiGe crystals. Experimental transmission and absorption photoacoustic spectra of SiGe crystals as well as appropriate models for determination of optical absorption coefficient spectra are given. The idea and experimental set-up of the analyzed methods are presented too. From the fitting procedure of theoretical characteristics to experimental transmission and absorption photoacoustic spectra and after computations of the optical absorption coefficient spectra, three components of the optical absorption coefficient spectra of SiGe crystals were identified, i.e., band to band transitions, Urbach tail and free carriers absorption. Their parameters are given and discussed in the paper. At the end, the advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, such a comparison of the two PA methods of determination of the optical absorption spectra has not been done before.     

Optical absorption spectrum of gold atoms deposited on SiO(2) from cavity ringdown spectroscopy

The optical properties of gold atoms supported on amorphous silica (alpha-SiO2) were studied experimentally and theoretically in the visible range. Samples were prepared in situ by depositing Au atoms at low coverages (5 x 10(12) cm(-2)) in UHV, and the optical absorption spectra were recorded by cavity ringdown spectroscopy. The atomic absorption bands can be attributed to gold atoms trapped at [triple bond] Si-O(.-) and [triple bond]Si-O(-) defect sites. The absence of optical transitions typical for Au(2) shows that the atoms are efficiently anchored at these defect sites, preventing diffusion and aggregation. Furthermore, these experimental results reveal that it is now possible to study optical properties of well-defined nanostructures at surface coverages as low as 5 x 10(11) cm(-2).     

Optical absorption and electronic structure of intermetallic compound RuIn3

The optical properties of intermetallide RuIn₃ are investigated by ellipsometry in the spectral range of 0.22–10 μm. The experimental data point to the existence of an energy gap of about 0.5 eV in the electronic spectrum of the compound. The density of the electron states and interband optical conductivity are calculated in terms of the density functional theory. The experimental and theoretical spectra of the optical conductivity are compared. It is found that the formation of basic absorption bands is caused by interband transitions of electrons of the d-band of Ru and p-band of In.     

Dependence of Optical Absorption in Silicon Nanostructures on Size of Silicon Nanoparticles

The amorphous silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) embedded in silicon nitride (SiN_x) films prepared by helicon wave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HWP-CVD) technique are studied. From Raman scattering investigation, we determine that the deposited film has the structure of silicon nanocrystals embedded in silicon nitride (nc-Si/SiNx) thin film at a certain hydrogen dilution amount. The analysis of optical absorption spectra implies that the Si NPs is affected by quantum size effects and has the nature of an indirect-band-gap semiconductor. Further, considering the effects of the mean Si NP size and their dispersion on oscillator strength, and quantum-confinement, we obtain an analytical expression for the spectral absorbance of ensemble samples. Gaussian as well as lognormal size-distributions of the Si NPs are considered for optical absorption coefficient calculations. The influence of the particlesize-distribution on the optical absorption spectra was systematically studied. We present the fitting of the optical absorption experimental data with our model and discuss the results.     

Optical Constants of an Apatite Single Crystal in the IR Range of 6–28 μm

On the basis of polarized IR-reflection spectra in the range of 5000–350 cm^–1 measured from the natural face of an optically transparent fluorapatite single crystal, components of a complex refractive index (optical constants) for radiation-vector orientations E ‖ c and E ⊥ c have been calculated by the Kramers–Kronig method. The fluorapatite single crystal has been chosen from several samples: it contains a minimum amount of impurities and has a high degree of crystallinity in accordance with the criteria of IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Tabular data on optical constants for ordinary and extraordinary rays are given for the IR range of 6–28 μm. The obtained absorption spectra are compared with the results of quantum-chemical ab initio calculations within the B3LYP simulation.     

Optical diagnostics of physicochemical properties of NiO/Al2O3 nanocomposites upon exposure to different gases and heat

We have studied nanostructural and optical properties of composites of nanostructured nickel oxide films on a substrate from porous aluminum oxide NiO/Al₂O₃ in the UV, visible, and IR spectral ranges on exposure of composites to different gases, vacuum, and heat. We have found that, upon irradiation of NiO/Al₂O₃ composites by laser radiation at a wavelength of 633 nm, they demonstrate a high sensitivity to carbon monoxide CO in the range of the excitonic absorption of nickel oxide. We assume that an increase in the transmission coefficient of the composite in the excitonic absorption band is determined by luminescence that is caused by the oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide. The sensitivity of composites to CO is enhanced with decreasing the size of NiO nanoparticles and after evacuation. The values of the diffuse reflection coefficient at the laser radiation wavelength of 633 nm correlate with the size of nickel oxide nanoparticles. Spectral changes in the range of the fundamental absorption band of NiO that occur in the IR range and in diffuse reflection spectra are related to the appearance of carbon-containing compounds in the composite exposed to CO.     

晶体Zn(antipyrine)2(NO3)2:VO2+的EPR谱及光吸收谱的理论研究

由于硝酸钒锌二安替比林晶体[Zn(antipyrine)2(NO3)2:VO2 ]中配体O2-的自旋-轨道耦合参量ζ0p≈150 cm-1与中心过渡族3d1离子V4 的ζ0d≈248 cm-1相差不太大,故配体的自旋-轨道耦合参量ζ0p对电子顺磁共振(EPR)谱和光吸收谱的贡献必须考虑.采用双自旋-轨道耦合参量模型和相关的晶体场能级公式,计算了Zn(antipyrine)2(NO3)2:VO2 晶体的EPR谱和光吸收谱,所得理论结果与实验发现很好符合;确定了该晶体的局域对称结构沿C4轴的四角畸变约为0.45 nm;计算发现,较大的κ值说明VO2 中未配对的s电子对超精细结构常数有较大的贡献.并对上述这些结果的合理性进行了讨论.     

γ-AlON晶体电子结构和光学性质研究

本研究在基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)框架下, 采用局域密度近似(LDA)和赝势平面波方法, 计算了平衡结构尖晶石型γ -AlON的态密度和光学性质参数．结合表征电子结构的态密度, 分析了γ -AlON在0—30 eV范围内的复介电函数以及由其导出的折射率、反射谱、 吸收谱等．理论计算得出: γ -AlON零频介电常数ε₁(0)=2.60, 折射率n₀=1.61, 在红外到近紫外以及20.23 eV以上的紫外波段,其光吸收趋近于零, 表现为光学透明. 理论计算结果与相关实验数据相一致, 为γ -AlON在光学窗口及头罩材料等方面的应用提供了理论依据和参考.