高挥发分烟煤的热解、燃烧特性研究

采用固定床热解反应器、热解 红外联用仪 (Py FTIR)和热重分析仪 ,考察了高挥发分烟煤的热解、燃烧特性 ,实验结果表明 ,高挥发分烟煤在热解过程中放出大量烃类气体 ,从燃烧试验看 ,明显分为热解段和燃烧段 ,且热解段挥发分的释放非常迅速 ,从而揭示出高挥发分烟煤燃烧过程中产生大量黑烟的原因。     

Thermal analysis study of the effect of coal-burning additives on the combustion of coals

Thermal analysis is widely used in combustion research for both fundamental and practical investigations. Efficient combustion of coals in cement industry is very important and necessary. In this research, the effects of three coal-burning additives on burning behaviour of bituminous coal and anthracite were studied with the help of thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis. The kinetic study was carried out and the results were presented. The results showed that the coal-burning additives especially LSZ can reduce the ignition temperature, increase the ignition index D _i, combustion ending index D _f and affect the activation energy of the coal samples studied. The coal-burning additives especially LSZ can improve coal combustion effectiveness.     

Devolatilisation characteristics of coal and biomass blends

The characterisation of the initial devolatilisation products could provide important information for understanding synergistic effects and subsequently the formation routes leading to toxic organic compounds and soot during co-combustion. Initial devolatilisation characteristics of the fuels have been characterised following co-pyrolysis experiments. This paper investigates the devolatilisation behaviour during co-pyrolysis of pinewood together with one of three coals of different rank, lignite or high-volatile bituminous of different origin. A range of pyrolysis experiments has been performed over a temperature range from 400 to 900 °C using pyrolysis–GC–MS (py–GC–MS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Larger scale batch pyrolysis experiments of the hv bituminous coal–pine mixture have been performed enabling collection of the evolved tars. These tars have then been characterised by GC–MS and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). For these batch pyrolysis tests, synergy (non-additive behaviour) was observed and the blend pyrolysis oil contained a decrease in aromatics and an increase in phenols than would be expected for additive behaviour. The molecular weight distributions of the evolved tars also show non-additive behaviour. For the TGA experiments, additive behaviour was seen for all the coal–pine blends studied. Similarly, no obvious synergy was observed by py–GC–MS for the bituminous coal–pine blends, or for model compound–coal and coal–biomass component blends. Non-additive combustion behaviour is not easily explained by studying devolatilisation because of the difficulty in replicating the conditions of temperature profile and residence time experienced by the volatiles. Thus, conflicting behaviour is exhibited depending upon pyrolysis technique.     

Qualitative and quantitative ATR-FTIR analysis and its application to coal char of different ranks

This paper analyzes the coal to char stages of char formation of six coals of different ranks by using Fourier transform infrared coupled w ith attenuated total reflectance(ATR-FTIR).The chars w ere obtained by coal pyrolysis carried out at temperature range of 450~700℃.The data obtained show s the pragmatic disappearance of the aliphatic hydrogen content w ith increasing char formation temperature.Numerical evaluation of the spectra enabled the determination of aromaticity,fa.The aromaticity w as found to be betw een 0.66~0.79 for lignite,0.75~0.90 for sub-bituminous,0.84~1.00 for low volatile bituminous,0.83~1.00 for high volatile bituminous,0.94~1.00 for semi-anthracite,and 0.97~1.00 for anthracite respectively.With increasing rank of coal samples,spectra exhibit rising aromaticity and enhanced condensation of aromatic rings,w hereas the aliphatic chain lengths decrease.     

稻草与煤固定床共热解特性的研究

选取稻草为生物质原料,将其与两种不同煤阶的煤(内蒙褐煤和神府烟煤)分别以0∶100、20∶80、40∶60、60∶40、80∶20、100∶0的干基质量比均匀混合.借助固定床反应器,研究了稻草与两种煤的共热解特性,探讨了共热解过程中可能存在的协同作用.结果表明,稻草添加有利于共热解气体产物的生成,且对神府煤作用更明显;稻草含量越高,热解气体产量的实验值与加权平均计算值的偏差也越大,说明稻草与煤共热解过程发生了协同作用.而共热解所得焦产量的实验值与加权平均计算值基本一致.热解焦傅里叶红外光谱分析结果表明,稻草添加对热解焦的官能团未造成显著影响.     

Effect of pyrolysis characteristics on ignition mechanism and NO emission of pulverized coal during oxy-fuel combustion

The effect of pyrolysis behavior on the ignition mechanism was investigated by thermogravimetric technique. The pyrolysis tests show that Datong bituminous coal (DT) pyrolyzes earlier and releases volatiles faster than does Guohua bituminous coal (GH). During oxy-fuel combustion, more volatiles accumulated around DT particles can be ignited easily with increasing oxygen concentration which results in the heterogeneous ignition transforming to homogeneous ignition, while for GH, less volatile is released during devolatilization and the coal particles are more likely ignited heterogeneously. After the transformation of ignition mechanism, the ignition temperature of DT decreases significantly, but the combustibility index S is not appreciably affected. The effect of pyrolysis characteristics on NO emissions was studied by a fixed-bed reactor. It is found that compared to GH, DT released NO more quickly and intensively which leads to more fuel-N converting to NO. With the rise in oxygen concentration, the NO yields of both coals reach the peak values at 40 % oxygen concentration and then decline mainly due to the enhanced homogeneous NO reductions at higher oxygen concentration. With the rise in furnace temperature, the NO yields of coal samples increase first and then decrease with a maximum at 900 °C which is possibly a result of the competing reactions of volatile-N oxidation and reduction in the process of NO formation.     

新疆高钠煤中钠的赋存形态及其对燃烧过程的影响

采用不同萃取液对中国新疆高钠煤进行逐级萃取实验,利用离子色谱仪和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪对萃取制得的滤液和固体煤样进行相应的元素分析,并通过逐级萃取后煤样的着火温度、燃尽温度和综合燃烧特性指数来分析高钠煤中不同存在形式钠对其燃烧特性的影响.结果表明,中国新疆高钠煤中的钠主要以水溶钠为主,有机钠和不可溶钠含量较少.影响高钠煤中水溶钠含量的主要因素有煤颗粒内部孔隙结构和颗粒粒径,且高钠煤中有机钠在各个粒径范围都保持了相对稳定的含量.煤种不同会导致煤中水溶钠与水溶氯的存在形式不同.煤中水溶钠的存在不利于高钠煤的着火温度和燃尽温度的降低与燃烧特性的提高,相反煤中的有机钠却对其具有促进作用.     

电石渣催化煤燃烧特性的影响因素分析

用热重法研究了不同条件下电石渣的催化煤燃烧特性，发现电石渣对晋城煤的着火温度和固定碳燃尽率都具有一定的促进作用，而且随添加量的增加助燃作用增强。采用干法混合方式添加0.5%电石渣的助燃作用很小，而采用浆状混合方式则具有较为明显的助燃效果。添加0.5%电石渣能使晋城无烟煤的着火温度由582 ℃降低到576 ℃，使潞安贫煤的固定碳燃尽率由89.41%提高到94.84%，而对长广高灰烟煤的着火和燃尽特性都影响很小。     

Combustion behaviour of some biodesulphurized coals assessed by TGA/DTA

Thermal analysis, i.e. TGA/DTA is used to study the changes in the combustion behaviour of microbially treated coals. In view of their high sulphur content and industrial significance three samples are under consideration, i.e. one lignite and two subbituminous from different region in Bulgaria. The differences in burning profiles can be related to structural changes resulted from biological treatments. The overall biological treatment generates these changes probably due to the oxidation process. Concerning organic sulphur biodesulphurization there is no change in any drastic manner of the thermal characteristic parameters. In general, applied biotreatments provoke a complex influence on combustion coal behaviour. From one side a better ignition performance, a minor decrease in higher heating value and diminishing peak temperature of maximum weight loss rate for all biotreated samples are observed. From other side some decrease in the combustibility indicated by an increase in the combustion time and the end of combustion temperature are obvious. Also well determined decrease of self-heating temperature after biotreatments evolves high risk of spontaneous unmanageable coal combustion.     

增压O_2/CO_2气氛下煤燃烧特性实验研究

增压O2/CO2燃烧是一种可高效分离回收CO2的新兴燃烧技术,其燃烧机理与常压空气、常压O2/CO2燃烧存在较大差异。在加压热重分析仪上研究了增压条件下总压、氧浓度、气氛及粒径等反应参数对美国烟煤和淮北无烟煤燃烧特性的影响,确定了煤的着火温度,并对其进行燃烧动力学分析。结果表明,增压O2/CO2气氛下,随着压力或氧浓度的增加,DTG曲线向低温区移动,煤样整体燃烧速率加快。压力提升、氧浓度增加及煤粉细化均可改善O2/CO2气氛下煤样的着火特性。常压O2/CO2气氛下煤粉燃烧基本属于一级反应;增压O2/CO2气氛下,低温区属于0.5级反应,而高温区属于1.5级反应。     

石油焦与煤混合燃料热重分析研究

石油焦与煤混合燃烧是高效处理石油焦的有效方法，作者对选用的石油焦和煤不同配比的混合燃料进行了热重分析研究。使用常压高温热天平研究、分析了各配比混合燃料的热解特性和燃烧特性。并根据化学动力学方法计算了各过程的化学动力学参数，即活化能E和频率因子A0。结果表明，各混合燃料热解起始温度大致相同，随煤焦比减小，挥发分析出速率变缓，最大释放速度所对应的温度升高，最终失重率减小，挥发分释放特性指数减小；随煤焦比增大，混合燃料着火温度和燃尽温度逐渐降低，最大燃烧速率所对应的温度降低，燃烧特性指数增大；随煤焦比减小，活化能和频率因子增大。     

煤质对H2/Ar等离子体热解制乙炔的影响

选取12种不同变质程度的煤，通过等离子体热解实验考察了煤的挥发分产率、煤中氧质量分数、灰分产率对乙炔收率和结焦的影响。研究结果表明，挥发分产率为30%～40%的烟煤，热解时具有较高的乙炔收率；含氧量越高的煤，生成的碳氧化物越多，相应的乙炔收率较低；煤中的矿物质与乙炔收率之间并不存在相关性，但煤中的矿物质有利于CO的生成。影响结焦量的主要因素与煤的矿物质密切相关，煤中掺入二氧化硅和天然河沙能够明显增加结焦量，改变结焦形态。     

加压下煤的着火特性的研究 Ⅰ.着火特性的影响因素

采用带程序升温控制的、可在加压下测定煤着火特性的装置,在程序升温速度(7.5℃/min)和加压条件下,测定了影响煤和煤焦着火特性(着火温度与燃烧时间)的各种因素,这些因素包括煤的粒度、试样质量、空气流量、系统压力和氧分压等。试验表明,这些因素的影响与煤中挥发份有一定的关系,着火温度和燃烧时间随总压或氧分压增加而下降。     

Thermogravimetric analysis of the co-combustion of the blends with high ash coal and waste tyres

Incineration methods are becoming increasingly important from the view point of the need to minimize the environmental impact of waste tyre disposal. Combustion of waste tyre, one high ash coal and tyre-coal blends with 10, 30 and 50% waste tyre were investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) carried out at 20 K min⁻¹ in the temperature range from ambient temperature to 1273 K. And effects of the mixed proportion between coal and waste tyre on the combustion process, ignition and burnout characteristics were also studied. The results indicate that the combustion of waste tyre is controlled by the emission of volatile matter, the regions are more complex for waste tyre (three or more peaks) than for coal (one peak). Also as compared with the case of burning only high ash coal, the incorporation of waste tyre can improve the combustion characteristics of high ash coal, especially the ignition performance and the peak weight loss compared with the separate burning of waste tyre and coal. Moreover, comparisons of the TG-DTG profiles between experimental and calculational results, it is indicate that there is a comparatively important difference, the co-combustion characteristics is the coupling effect between waste tyre and coal. The data resulting also showed that the co-combustion of waste tyre and low quanlitied coal as fuel is feasible.     

岩相及煤阶对煤的燃烧特性的影响

为了确定手选富显微组分煤及焦的燃烧特性，从显微组分和煤阶的角度用热天平的燃烧曲线研究反应性，并给出焦的活化能。煤和焦的比表面积由液氮等温吸附求得，并用扫描电镜观察了焦的表面形态。用灰色关联法分析各显微组分和煤阶对反应性和表面形态的影响。结果表明，镜质组对煤和焦反应性和表面形态均有重大影响，煤的反应性受显微组分的影响比煤焦更显著，若不考虑矿物质的影响，则各因素对煤及焦反应性影响次序为Ｖ＞Ｒ＞Ｉ＞Ｅ。     

Experimental study on interaction and kinetic characteristics during combustion of blended coals

The combustion behaviors and kinetic parameters of three parent coals (A1, A2, and A3) and their blends (A1/A2 and A2/A3) have been evaluated under oxidizing atmosphere (O₂ and N₂ mixtures), using a non-isothermal thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The aim of this study is to investigate the interaction between the blended components during the process of co-combustion, and the effects of blending ratio and oxygen concentration (10, 15, and 21%) on combustion performance of blended coals. When high reactivity and low reactivity coals are co-combusted, double peaks are observed in the DTG curves, and significant interaction occurs in the temperature range between the two peaks (T _p1 and T _p2). The activation energies obtained by Coats–Redfern method indicate that the activation energies of blended coals are lower than that of parent coals. The combustibility index S is used to evaluate the combustion performance of blended coals, and the results show the non-additive effects of the combustion characteristics of blended coals. The increased oxygen concentration results in a significant improvement of combustion performance of blended coals. In addition, as the blending ratio of high reactivity coal is increased, the oxygen can greatly enhance the combustion stability of blended coals.     

Synergistic effects on co-pyrolysis of lignite and high-sulfur swelling coal

Co-pyrolysis of a lignite coal and a bituminous coal was carried out on a fixed-bed reactor. The lignite was enriched with calcium, and the bituminous coal featured in high sulfur and strong swelling. Experiments were also conducted for the blends using the acid-washed lignite and/or the acid washed bituminous coal to address the influences of calcium in the lignite on the synergistic behaviors. Calcium in the lignite exhibited some aspects of synergy including the catalytic cracking reactions of tar, the retention of sulfur in the char, and the catalyzed polyaromatization and gasification of char. These synergies impacted the differences in the product distribution and gas composition between the co-pyrolytic results and the additive ones. Moreover, there appeared to be a synergistic effect on the cross-linking reaction of volatile matter, resulting in an increase in the char yield irrespective of coal demineralization. The co-pyrolysis was also observed to destroy the swelling of coal. This synergistically increased the tar yield due to less resistant escaping of tar from the intra-particles of coal.     

用热重红外光谱联用技术研究混煤热解特性

用热重分析仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪，对混煤在惰性气氛中的慢速热解特性进行了动态分析，考察了煤种、掺混比例以及加热速率对热解的影响。结果表明，混煤的热解与单煤的热解有相似之处，热解组分的析出随温度的变化规律一致，但其组分析出量并不是单煤热解析出量的简单叠加。由于掺混煤种间的相互作用，混煤热解气体在析出时间和析出量上均发生了变化。通过对红外吸收光谱的分析，发现混煤热解气体析出规律受掺混煤种的影响很大，高活性煤种的存在会降低混煤热解的初析温度，增加热解气体的析出量，其掺混比例越高，影响也越明显。     

热重法研究K2CO3与Fe2O3对煤粉燃烧反应性的影响

利用综合热重分析仪分别研究了K₂CO₃、Fe₂O₃对褐煤、烟煤、无烟煤、石墨等不同燃料的催化燃烧反应性的影响。结果表明,催化剂种类、添加量、粒径和燃料的变质程度对催化燃烧具有一定的影响;向无烟煤中加入K₂CO₃、Fe₂O₃两种催化剂,无烟煤的燃点由458℃分别降为319℃、405℃,燃烧速率由11.94%/min分别提高到26.40%/min、17.66%/min。K₂CO₃、Fe₂O₃对褐煤和烟煤的燃点没有明显的降低作用,但是对无烟煤和石墨燃点有明显的降低作用,且随着煤变质程度的增加,燃点降低幅度增大。由于引起燃点和燃速变化的原因不同,所以加入催化剂后造成燃点和燃速的变化也不同。     

流化床气化炉半焦细粉的燃烧特性及其动力学研究

利用热天平研究了三种不同变质程度煤流化床气化半焦细粉的燃烧特性,考察了灰分对燃烧行为的影响,同时采用三种不同的动力学计算方法对其燃烧动力学进行了分析。研究结果表明,挥发分的存在能显著降低低阶褐煤半焦细粉的着火点;高温下半焦细粉中矿物质的分解导致其DTG曲线出现较为明显的二次峰。细粉中的灰分对其燃尽性能和综合燃烧反应性都具有一定的抑制作用。动力学分析结果表明,燃烧活化能随转化率的增加而增加;三种常用动力学分析方法中,Vyazovkin对半焦细粉的燃烧拟合效果最好。