Simple UV/UV-visible method for nitrogen and phosphorus measurement in wastewater

A simple UV/UV-visible method is described for the determination of global nitrogen and total phosphorus in wastewater. This method includes two steps: first, the photo-oxidation of nitrogen and phosphorus forms into nitrate and orthophosphate ions, and their quantification by UV-visible spectrophotometry. Potassium peroxodisulfate is used as oxidant. The developed system consists of on-line association of UV photo-oxidation reactor with UV-visible detector. The conversion yields vary between 80 and 100% for both nitrogen compounds (ammonium, urea, amino acids, and other N-containing compounds), and phosphorus compounds (ADP, ATP, and other P-containing compounds). The time requires for nitrogen and phosphorus forms determination is no longer than 20 min.     

Kinetics of Oxidation of Phosphinic, Phenylphosphinic and Phosphorous Acid by Benzyltrimethylammonium Chlorobromate

The oxidation of lower phosphorus oxyacids by benzyltrimethylammonium chlorobromate (BTMACB) proceeds by a mechanism involving a hydride-ion transfer from oxyacids to the oxidant in the rate-determining step.     

Fluorescent signaling of oxone by desulfurization of thioamide

The chemosignaling of the oxidant Oxone by selective desulfurization of a thioamide was investigated. Pyrene-thioamide was efficiently converted to its amide analogue by reaction with Oxone, resulting in a pronounced fluorescent turn-on type signaling. Selective signaling of Oxone in aqueous solution was possible in the presence of representative alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, as well as common anions.     

工业、生活污泥与煤混合燃烧的灰熔特性研究

针对煤粉锅炉掺烧污泥后污泥对混合燃料灰熔特性的影响行为,利用矿物三元相图、XRD等分析手段,研究了不同特性污泥(生活污泥、工业污泥)与煤掺混燃烧过程中不同矿物组分的相互作用机制及灰渣的灰熔融特性变化特征。结果表明,三元相图能够有效预测煤和污泥掺混后灰熔融温度的变化趋势;低含量的氧化铁形成低温共熔体以及透辉石、钙长石会降低煤和污泥混合后的灰熔融温度;而钙镁橄榄石、莫来石和单体形式存在的氧化铁能提高煤和污泥混合后的灰熔融温度。工业污泥中的高硫组分在混烧过程中易形成硫酸盐的低温共融体。生活污泥中磷对灰熔点的影响与氧化铝及碱金属的比例有关,当氧化铝的含量占主要成分时,磷的存在趋向于降低灰熔点,而当碱金属占主要成分时,磷的存在趋向于提高灰熔点。     

Oxydation von elementarem Phosphor mit polysulfidischem Schwefel

Oxidation of Elemental Phosphorus by Polysulfidic Sulfur Red and white phosphorus are oxidized by aqueous solutions of alkali polysulfides. The reaction products are mixtures of thiophosphates, which contain compounds with phosphorus in different oxidation states. Some novel thiopolyphosphates have been isolated from these mixtures, their anions having chains or rings of directly connected phosphorus atoms. Reactions of tetraphosphorus trisulfide under the same conditions also lead to thiopolyphosphates with P? P bonds.     

Coordination Compounds of Alkali Metal Ions with Ligands Containing Phosphoryl Groups

Abstract

Ligands containing phosphoryl groups form coordination compounds with different metals. The coordination compounds of such ligands with alkali metal ions are considered. The effective charge of phosphorus atom in phosphoryl group is approximately + 1, and oxygen atom effective charge is approximately -1. Phosphorus and oxygen atoms effective charges depend on the nature of the substituents at phosphorus.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of phosphinic,phenylphosphinic, and phosphorous acids by N-bromoacetamide

The oxidation of phosphinic, phenylphosphinic, and phosphorous acids by N-bromoacetamide (NBA) in acid solution, results in the formation of corresponding higher oxyacids of phosphorus. The reaction is first order with respect to NBA, second order in the oxyacid and inverse first in hydrogen ions. The oxidation of deuteriated phosphorus oxyacids showed the presence of a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect. The reaction failed to induce polymerization of acrylonitrile. Added acetamide has no effect on the reaction rate. It has been shown that the ‘inactive’ tautomer of the phosphorus oxyacids, RHP(O)OH, participates in the oxidation process. A rate-determining step involving transfer of a hydride ion from the P? H bond to the oxidant has been proposed.     

以一氧化二氮或氧气为氧化剂的丙烯环氧化催化反应

丙烯环氧化制环氧丙烷是催化领域的最关键的挑战之一. 本文对作者等近年来开展的以一氧化二氮为氧化剂的铁催化体系和以氧气为氧化剂的铜催化体系的研究进展进行了综述. 在这两类催化体系中,碱金属离子(特别是K )的修饰作用均是获得较高环氧丙烷选择性的关键. 碱金属离子通过调变催化剂中铁或铜物种的分散度、配位环境和酸碱性等,实现了对反应途径的调控,使反应朝着有利于环氧丙烷生成的方向进行. 活性金属组分(铁或铜)与氧化剂(一氧化二氮或氧气)间的特定的组合对丙烯环氧化反应的发生也起着重要作用. 推测在两类催化体系中,氧化剂均在具有特定结构和价态的铁或铜活性位上活化,产生导致丙烯环氧化反应发生的亲电性活性氧物种.     

金属卟啉催化氧化萘酚 Ⅰ.2-羟基-1,4-萘醌的制备

羟基萘醌;金属卟啉催化氧化萘酚 Ⅰ.2-羟基-1;4-萘醌的制备     

微波消解测定水样中总磷

研究了以H2O2-HNO3为氧化剂，用微波消解测定水样中总磷的分析方法。通过正交试验选择合适的消解条件与氧化剂投入量，选择合适的显色酸度及测定波长，方法对自然水样测定平均相对标准偏差为3．3％，平均回收率为100．3%。     

Kinetics of oxidative coupling of phenols: Oxidation of naphthols by alkaline hexacyanoferrate (III)

The oxidation of naphthols by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III), at constant ionic strength, gave coupled products. The rate of the reaction was dependent on the first powers of the concentrations of substrate, oxidant, and alkali. The activation energies were 31.8 and 34.5 kJ/mol for α naphthol and β naphthol, respectively. The reaction pathway was via the formation of a radical intermediate, which was detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.     

Proton-Ionizable crown compounds. 7. Synthesis of new crown compounds containing the dialkylhydrogenphosphate moiety

A new series of macrocyclic ligands containing the dialkylhydrogenphosphate moiety is reported. These compounds were prepared by reacting phosphorus oxychloride with the appropriate oligoethylene glycol followed by a hydrolysis step. One of these new macrocyclic compounds transported the alkali metal cations as well as lead, zinc and silver ions.     

Sulfoxide-mediated Umpolung of alkali halide salts

A new protocol for the direct two-electron oxidative Umpolung of alkali halide salts is reported. This procedure, relying on the use of a commercially available sulfoxide as the oxidant, allows the electrophilic halogenation of carbonyl compounds as well as halolactonisation reactions to proceed from the corresponding sodium salts, at room temperature and under mild conditions.     

Oxidation of phosphorus centers by ferrate(VI): spectral observation of an intermediate

The kinetics and mechanism for the oxidation of phosphite, hypophosphite, phenylphosphite, and trimethylphosphite by ferrate(VI) are reported. Hypophosphite is rapidly oxidized to phosphite which is slowly oxidized to phosphate, trimethylphosphite is oxidized to trimethylphosphate, and phenylphosphite is oxidized phenylphosphate. (18)O induced shifts of the (31)P NMR signals support oxygen transfer from ferrate(VI) to the phosphorus center during the oxidation process. Deuteration of the hydridic hydrogens in hypophosphite and phosphite resulted in significant kinetic isotope effects on the reaction rates. It is proposed that ferrate(VI) acts as a two-electron oxidant in conjunction with oxide transfer coupled with phosphorus hydrogen bond breaking for phosphite and hypophosphite and simple oxygen transfer for trimethylphosphite and phenylphosphite.     

PCBs的超（亚）临界水催化氧化及还原裂解*

简要分析了多氯联苯(PCBs)的来源及其对环境构成的危害,介绍了PCBs在超（亚）临界水中的反应及其处理效果。分别从超临界水氧化、超临界水裂解及亚临界水还原三个方面阐明了超临界反应过程中PCBs降解的反应路径和降解效率,解释了共溶剂（甲醇、苯）、碱催化剂（Na₂CO₃、NaOH）、氧化剂（NaNO₃、NaNO₂）等对PCBs脱氯和分解的增效作用机理。发现在超临界水氧化与超临界水裂解条件下CH3OH对PCBs降解反应的促进机制有所不同,碱催化剂通过中和反应过程中产生的HCl生成NaCl沉淀导致体系中Cl的含量降低,从而促进脱氯反应的进行。对反应器防腐、处理的经济性方面略作讨论,在总结上述研究工作的基础上提出了PCBs的超临界反应处理技术未来发展的若干研究方向。     

Studies on the oxidation of red phosphorus by potassium permanganate in an acid medium

Summary Oxidation of red phosphorus by an acid solution of potassium permanganate has been studied and applied in the volumetric determination of red phosphorus. The kinetics of the oxidation-reduction process show that the reaction is of the bimolecular order. Influence of temperature on the velocity coefficient (K) as also the variation of (K) for different concentrations of the oxidant, observed, have been made use of in evaluating the activation energy of the reaction. Further the utilisability of this simple procedure for the volumetric determination of red phosphorus is emphasized.The nature of the above oxidation reaction in an alkaline medium is being investigated.Sincere thanks of the authors are due to Prof. S S. Joshi, for facilities and kind interest in the work.     

Signaling of hypochlorous acid by selective deprotection of dithiane. [corrected

The selective signaling of hypochlorous acid by dithiane-protected [corrected] pyrene-aldehyde was investigated. Dithiolane derivative of pyrene-aldehyde was efficiently deprotected by hypochlorous acid to its corresponding aldehyde, which resulted in a prominent UV-vis and turn-on type fluorescence signaling. The signaling was not affected by the presence of other common alkali, alkaline earth metal ions, and anions. Interference from Hg(2+) ions could be successfully circumvented by using Chelex-100 resin. Dithiane [corrected] also provided selectivity toward hypochlorous acid over other commonly used oxidant of hydrogen peroxide.     

Kinetics and mechanism of ruthenium(III)-catalysed oxidation of tellurium(IV) by alkaline diperiodatonickelate(IV)

The kinetics of Ru^III-catalysed oxidation of tellurium(IV) by alkaline diperiodatonickelate(IV) were studied spectrophotometrically using a rapid kinetic accessory. The reaction is a two stage process. In both the stages, the reaction is first-order with respect to [oxidant] and to [catalyst] with an apparent less than unit order, each in [substrate] and [alkali]. Periodate has a retarding effect on the reaction rate. A mechanism involving monoperiodatonickelate(IV) (MPN) as the reactive oxidant species is proposed. The data suggest that oxidation proceeds via formation of a complex between the active species of Ru^III and Te^IV, which then reacts with 1 mol of MPN in a slow step to yield the products. The reaction constants involved in the mechanism were evaluated. There is good agreement between the observed and calculated rate constants under varying experimental conditions for both the stages of reaction. The activation parameters for the slow step were calculated and discussed.     

Synthesis of 8-hydroxymethyl derivatives of guanine and thioguanine

The reaction of 2, 4, 5-triamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine with phosphorus pentasulfide in quinoline has yielded 2, 4, 5-triamino-6-mercaptopyrimidine. 8-Hydroxymethyl derivatives of guanine and thioguanine have been synthesized by the acylation of 2, 4, 5-triamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine and the corresponding 6-mercapto compound with glycolic acid or ethyl glycolate, with subsequent treatment of the resulting 5-hydroxyacetylamino derivatives with aqueous alkali.     

Ylide Chemistry: An Account of Structural,Conformational and Redox Investigations

Abstract

Structural data of phosphorus ylides are summarized and discussed. Conformational preferences in solution and in the solid state, as followed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, indicate a strong gauche effect for the lone pairs of electrons at the ylidic carbon atom. One- and two-electron oxydation of ylide carbanions is accomplished with copper(II) as the oxidant, leading to oxidative coupling or to halogenation, respectively.