Imaging of cyclotron emission from edge channels in quantum Hall conductors

A local probing technique of cyclotron emission is applied to image nonequilibrium electrons generated along edge channels in quantum Hall conductors. In a lower-magnetic field region of a quantum Hall state plateau (filling factor 2相似文献   

Abnormal heating of low-energy electrons in low-pressure capacitively coupled discharges

In low-pressure capacitively coupled plasmas, high-energy electrons are collisionlessly heated by large rf fields in the sheaths while low-energy electrons are confined in the bulk plasma by the ambipolar potential. Low-energy electrons are typically inefficiently heated due to their low collisionality and the weak rf electric field present in the bulk. It is shown, however, that as a result of the nonlinear interaction between the electron motion and the weak rf field present in the bulk, low-energy electrons can be efficiently heated. Electrons in the bulk that bounce inside the electrostatic potential well with a frequency equal to the rf excitation frequency are efficiently heated by the coherent interaction with the rf field. This resonant collisionless heating can be very efficient and manifest itself as a plateau in the electron energy probability function.     

Model studies of the Tamm-like and field-sustained surface states of germanium

The effects of varying the intensity of an applied positive electric field on the Tamm-like and field-sustained surface states of a semi-infinite 6-well model of germanium are studied. The effects of a neon image gas atom on such states are also examined. It is found that there are ranges of the field intensity for which field-sustained surface states do not exist. The localization properties of electrons in the various surface states are discussed with the help of relative probability density functions. As is well-known, electrons in Tamm-like states in the first forbidden energy gap tend to be strongly localized near the surface and inside the crystal. However those in Tamm-like states in higher gaps do not exhibit any pronounced localization. Electrons in field-sustained surface states tend to be strongly localized outside the crystal.     

微波磁场和斜入射对介质表面次级电子倍增的影响

分别研究了微波磁场和斜入射微波电场对介质表面次级电子倍增的影响.利用particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo方法,获得了微波磁场和斜入射微波电场条件下电子数量、介质表面直流场、电子平均能量和介质表面吸收功率的时间变化图像.模拟结果表明,斜入射和微波磁场虽然会显著影响电子的平均能量,但对电子数量和介质表面吸收功率的影响并不大,因此不会对微波介质表面击穿产生太大作用.     

Single-stage depressed collectors for gyrotrons

Two 140 GHz gyrotrons with a single-step depressed collector have been operated. The different position of the isolating collector gap in the stray magnetic field causes the electron motion in the retarding region to be in one case adiabatic and in the other case nonadiabatic. The kind of motion within the retarding field influences strongly the behavior of the gyrotron with a depressed collector. In the case of nonadiabatic motion a significant amount of transverse momentum is given to the electrons reflected at the collector potential. This causes the reflected electrons to be trapped between the magnetic mirror and the collector. The electrons escape from the trap by diffusion across the magnetic field to the body of the tube thus contributing to the body current. Despite the high body current there is no observable influence of the collector voltage on the RF output power. In the case of adiabatic motion the reflected electrons do not gain a sufficient amount of transverse momentum to be trapped by the magnetic mirror. They pass the cavity toward the gun and they are trapped between the negative gun potential and the collector. The interaction with the RF field by electrons traveling through the cavity enhances the diffusion in the velocity space thus enabling the trapped electrons to overcome the potential barrier and escape toward the collector. Therefore the body current stays at low values since in this case the reflected electrons do not contribute to it. However, at higher collector voltages a reduction of RF power occurred and some noise in the electron beam was observed     

反向导引磁场自由电子激光中平衡态电子相轨道

考虑电子束自身场情况下，给出了反向导引磁场自由电子激光中平衡态电子运动的一种正则描述。证明了在可积极限下，不动点附近相轨道的稳定性；并采用美国麻省理工学院的反向导引场自由电子激光实验参数，计算了不同束流强度下的Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒé截面。结果表明，即使自身场相当强（束流强度达到６０００Ａ），平衡态电子的相轨道仍保持其规则性，相空间没有出现混沌，这说明在自由电子激光器中，利用反向导引磁场可以获得比传统的采用正向导引磁场更好的电子束质量，从而改善器件的输出性能。 关键词：     

Nonsequential double recombination in intense laser fields

A second plateau in the harmonic spectra of laser-driven two-electron atoms is observed both in the numerical solution of a low-dimensional model helium atom and using an extended strong field approximation. It is shown that the harmonics well beyond the usual cutoff are due to the simultaneous recombination of the two electrons, which were emitted during different, previous half-cycles. The new cutoff is explained in terms of classical trajectories. Classical predictions and the time-frequency analysis of the ab initio quantum results are in excellent agreement. The mechanism corresponds to the inverse single photon double ionization process in the presence of a (low frequency) laser field.     

Effect of nonpolar optical phonon scattering on free-carrier absorption in heavily doped n-type germanium

The effect of nonpolar optical phonon scattering on the free-carrier absorption in n-type semiconductors such as germanium has been investigated quantum mechanically in quantizing magnetic fields. It is assumed that the energy band of electrons in semiconductors is nonparabolic and the dominant scattering mechanism for electrons in solids is that of nonpolar optical phonon scattering. When the radiation field is polarized parallel to the magnetic field, the absorption coefficient will be of complex value due to the interaction of the radiation field and the optical phonon field with electrons in semiconductors. Results show that real and imaginary parts of the absorption coefficient oscillate quite considerably with the magnetic field in the high fields for the heavily doped n-type Ge. Both real and imaginary parts of the absorption coefficient appear as positive and negative values when changing the magnetic field. In low magnetic fields, the imaginary part of the absorption coefficient disappears. However, if the density of electrons increases, the imaginary part of the absorption coefficient will increase with the magnetic field in low fields. Moreover, it is also shown that the amplitudes of oscillations for the real and imaginary parts of the absorption coefficient do not vary in a regular trend with the density of electrons.     

Widths of the Hall Conductance Plateaus

We study the charge transport of the noninteracting electron gas in a two-dimensional quantum Hall system with Anderson-type impurities at zero temperature. We prove that there exist localized states of the bulk order in the disordered-broadened Landau bands whose energies are smaller than a certain value determined by the strength of the uniform magnetic field. We also prove that, when the Fermi level lies in the localization regime, the Hall conductance is quantized to the desired integer and shows the plateau of the bulk order for varying the filling factor of the electrons rather than the Fermi level.     

飞秒激光-等离子体相互作用中快电子能量分布

 采用不同量程的电子谱仪与LiF热释光探测器相配合，测量了飞秒激光 等离子体相互作用中产生的快电子能量分布。结果显示快电子能量分布的一致性和多个重要特征与国外同类实验和计算机模拟结果相似。快电子能谱在低能处产生凹陷是由于冷电子的回流产生的；几种加速机制共同作用是能谱在100~350 keV范围内出现平台的原因；快电子的有效温度较好地满足共振吸收的温度定标律是由于反射激光加速与共振吸收机制均是通过朗道阻尼或波破对电子进行加速的。     

Supercontinuous high harmonic generation from asymmetric molecules in the presence of a terahertz field

We have investigated high-order harmonic generation from asymmetric molecules. It is found that supercontinuous high harmonics,which are produced from asymmetric molecules by significantly steering the ionization,are broken down when the electric field of the 5-fs driving laser pulse is increased to 0.16 a.u. The high harmonic generation from asymmetric molecules with the presence of a terahertz field is also investigated. This reveals that the terahertz controlled laser pulse significantly increases the energy difference between photons,emitted from the ejected electrons,in the first and second halves of the optical cycle at the centre of the driving laser pulse. In this way,a 200-eV broadband supercontinuum can be produced in the plateau,from which a 60-as pulse with a bandwidth of 60 eV can be directly obtained with a minor post-pulse.     

Chirality-induced spin-selective properties of self-assembled monolayers of DNA on gold

Here we show that self-assembled monolayers on gold of double-stranded DNA oligomers interact with polarized electrons similarly to a strong and oriented magnetic field. The direction of the field for right-handed DNA is away from the substrate. Moreover, the layer shows very high paramagnetic susceptibility. Interestingly, thiolated single-stranded DNA oligomers on gold do not show this effect. The new findings are rationalized based on recent results in which high paramagnetism was measured for diamagnetic films adsorbed on diamagnetic substrates.     

不同温度下ZnS的高场输运特性

研究了ZnS中的电子声子相互作用.以此为基础,利用Monte Carlo方法研究了ZnS中电子在不同温度下的高场输运特性.电子加速的瞬态时间基本不随温度变化.电子的动能分布函数随温度升高向低能方向移动,即平均动能降低.电子在各能谷间的分布随温度升高而向低能谷移动.电子的漂移速度则随温度升高而降低.给出了这些物理量随温度变化的具体规律. 关键词：     

Inductance of rf-wave-heated plasmas

The inductance of rf-wave-heated plasmas is derived. This inductance represents the inductance of fast electrons located in a plateau during their acceleration due to electric field or deceleration due to collisions and electric field. This inductance has been calculated for small electric fields from the two-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation as the flux crossing the surface of critical energy mv(2)(ph)/2 in the velocity space. The new expression may be important for radio-frequency current drive ramp-up, current drive efficiency, current profile control, and so on in tokamaks. This inductance may be incorporated into transport codes that study plasma heating by rf waves.     

Effect of electron correlation on high-order harmonic generation in helium model atom

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) of a helium model atom in an intense laser field has been numerically investigated. The influence of electron correlation on HHG is analysed by changing the strength between the electrons. The numerical results show that as the electron interaction strength becomes small, the first ionization energy increases rapidly, which results in the decrease in ionization. So the conversion efficiency of the high harmonic lying in the plateau decreases greatly, while the cutoff harmonic order in the harmonic spectrum increases.     

介质部分填充平行平板传输线微放电过程分析

本文主要研究了介质填充微波部件微放电随时间演变的过程,重点分析了介质微波部件微放电自熄灭机理.以介质部分填充平行平板传输线为研究对象,忽略空间电荷效应,采用自主研发粒子模拟软件模拟微放电过程,并将模拟结果与金属微波部件结果进行对比.结果表明,在一定功率下,金属微放电过程中电子数目呈指数形式增长,而介质微放电过程经历初始电子倍增后发生自熄灭现象,同时发现在电子数目即将下降为0时,介质表面的平均二次电子发射系数大于1或约等于1.另外,在上述模拟结果的基础上对微放电过程中介质表面积累电荷问题进一步分析,模拟结果表明,如果持续向微波部件内注入电子,介质表面的平均二次电子发射系数最终都约等于1.所得结论对研究复杂介质填充微波部件微放电的机理具有一定的理论指导价值.     

Particle in cell simulation of relativistic Buneman instability in a current-carrying plasma

Abstract

Non-linear evolution of the relativistic Buneman instability in a current-carrying plasma is investigated by a particle in cell simulation. These simulations show that as the time progresses, some electrons are trapped in phase space holes and thus counter-streaming and plateau can be formed. Moreover, the electron and ion density profiles indicate a periodic pattern of the density steepening. This density distribution is similar to the generation of the grating-like patterns which strongly depends on the initial electron velocity and saturation time. It is also shown that the electric field profile has the sawtooth form; charged particles can be accelerated by this field. Finally, it is found that increasing the electron velocity increases the saturation time and consequently the growth rate decreases which is in good agreement with the result obtained by the fluid model.     

普朗克谱分布的辐射场对束缚电子布居的影响

研究了外加普朗克辐射场对不同温度和密度下的等离子体的主量子壳层束缚电子的布居数的分布以及随时间的演化规律的调制作用.结果表明：当具有普朗克谱分布的辐射场的辐射温度接近于等离子体的电子温度,且辐射场的强度等于等效温度下的黑体谱辐射强度时,随着等离子体的时间演化,等离子体中主壳层束缚电子布居数分布由non-LTE分布过渡到LTE分布. 关键词： 流体动力学 激光等离子体 布居数 普朗克辐射场     

Dynamical Processes on Complex Networks,by A. Barrat,M. Barthélemy and A. Vespignani

The present state of theory and experiment on the gravity-induced electric field in metallic conductors and the electric field in accelerated metal conductors is reviewed. The relevant equations are derived in very simple approximations. The results depend on whether the deformation of the lattice of positive ions is neglected or is taken into account. Experimental results obtained with freely falling electrons in a cavity in the metal do not agree with the measurements of potentials on rapidly spinning metal rotors. Older direct measurements of the specific charge of carriers in metallic conductors are also mentioned.     

Ring currents effect on the dielectric function of cylindrical nano‐organic materials

We review recent results on the behaviour of the dielectric function of cylindrical nano‐organic materials at very low frequencies in a magnetic field. For cylindrical structures — such as carbon nanotubes — the polarisability is shown to be a discontinuous function of a longitudinal magnetic field where plateau‐like regions are separated by sudden jumps or peaks. A relation is pointed out between each discontinuity in the polarisability and the cross‐over between ground and first excited states induced by the magnetic field. This one to one correspondence suggests to use measurements of the dielectric function in an applied magnetic field in order to obtain informations about the electronic structures of cylindrical nanostructures. In addition, it is shown, by studying finite graphene layers, that the measurement of the polarisability in a magnetic field could be a powerful way for detecting possible edge‐states in amorphous carbon materials such as activated carbon fibres. Finally, the importance of the electron‐electron interaction is emphasised by discussing examples of strongly interacting electrons on rings or cylinders, in the limit of infinite interaction.