不同结构TiO2-ZnO异质复合膜光催化活性的研究

采用多靶磁控溅射离子镀技术制备TiO2-ZnO和(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2两种不同结构的复合薄膜.研究薄膜在pH值分别为5、7和9时对甲基橙的降解,并结合薄膜光催化实验后的透光率、表面形貌和电化学腐蚀性能,探讨TiO2顶层对TiO2-ZnO异质复合薄膜光催化活性的影响.结果表明:两种薄膜的光催化活性均在酸性中最好,依次为碱性和中性,但(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2薄膜的降解率和降解速率始终高于TiO2-ZnO薄膜,且酸、碱性环境下更明显.光催化实验后,(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2薄膜表面无变化,TiO2-ZnO薄膜出现明显的腐蚀、溶解形貌,且薄膜透光率在不同环境中的变化相差4～5倍.在不同pH值的3.5wt; NaCl溶液中,(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2复合薄膜的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流均优于TiO2-ZnO薄膜.由于TiO2顶层良好的耐酸碱腐蚀性能,(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2薄膜在pH值较大范围的溶液中表现出更好的光催化活性.     

磁控溅射（TiO2-ZnO）/TiO2梯度复合薄膜的制备及光致亲水性研究

采用磁控溅射离子镀设备制备了(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2梯度复合薄膜,通过TEM、AFM、Raman、XPS分析了复合薄膜的结构、形貌和表面羟基含量,以甲基橙作为有机降解物,研究了(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2梯度复合薄膜与普通TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜和TiO2薄膜在光催化性能和光致亲水性能上的差异。结果表明:(TiO2-ZnO)/TiO2梯度复合薄膜具有以主体为TiO2-ZnO层、顶层为TiO2的梯度结构,且薄膜表面致密、粒径均匀(10～14 nm),光催化性和亲水性均优于普通TiO2-ZnO复合薄膜和TiO2薄膜,且其光波响应范围红移至450 nm、表面羟基含量高达12.53%,同时梯度复合薄膜的抗光腐蚀性能良好,4 h以后其润湿角仍保持不变。     

胶溶法制备具有自清洁与抗菌性能的TiO2薄膜

采用胶溶法合成了纳米晶锐钛矿溶胶,在玻璃基底上用提拉法制备出TiO2纳米薄膜。使用XRD、TEM、SEM和AFM和接触角等方法对TiO2溶胶和薄膜的结构进行了表征。结果表明,胶溶法合成的TiO2溶胶为锐钛矿型且结晶度较高,TiO2晶粒为针状,平均粒径约为8 nm;TiO2薄膜表面光滑,颗粒平均粒径约为86 nm。3层薄膜的厚度约为150 nm,涂膜层数对膜表面结构形貌影响有限。常温制备出的薄膜经紫外光照80 min,对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到93.6%,其活性随着热处理温度升高而提高。薄膜具备超亲水性,自清洁和抗菌性能。     

乙酰丙酮对PMMA负载锐钛矿型TiO2薄膜及其光催化性能影响

以钛酸丁酯作为钛源,水为溶剂,乙酰丙酮(AcAcH)为表面修饰剂,采用微波水热辅助溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米晶二氧化钛水溶液,利用提拉镀膜法在聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基板上沉积得到了透明TiO2纳米晶薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等对TiO2纳米颗粒和薄膜的晶相组成、表面形貌及光学性能进行表征.同时通过紫外光光催化降解罗丹明B研究了TiO2薄膜的光催化性能.结果表明:通过引入乙酰丙酮,可以得到高度分散、晶相为锐钛矿型的TiO2水溶胶,在PMMA基板上沉积得到的薄膜表面平整、致密,具有良好的透光率,经过180 min紫外光照射,对罗丹明B的降解率达到90;以上.     

TiO2-CeO2对电极材料的制备及其应用

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2-CeO2复合薄膜以期用于电致变色器件作对电极.通过调节Ti与Ce的原子摩尔配比对成膜的质量进行了研究.运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV)、循环伏安法对制得的复合薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌及循环特性进行了表征.结果表明,当Ti与Ce的原子摩尔比为1:1时,制得的复合薄膜表面平整、致密,呈非晶态结构;在离子注入-抽出过程中,薄膜具有较快的电化学响应和较高的电荷容量.将该复合薄膜用于全固态电致变色器件中作对电极,当负载电压为3.4 V时,器件在632.8 nm波长处的色调范围达到56.8;,获得了良好的变色性能.     

磷钨酸/碳纳米管/TiO2复合纳米材料制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了磷钨酸(HPW)/碳纳米管(CNTs)/TiO2复合纳米颗粒,利用X-射线衍射、BET低温氮吸附、红外光谱、透射电子显微镜及紫外-可见漫反射光谱等对其进行了性能表征.实验结果表明,在HPW与CNTs的共同作用下,使CNTs在前驱体溶剂体系中的分散性得到有效改善,更利于TiO2在其表面的均匀分布,提高了TiO2的光利用率,从而使TiO2复合纳米材料的光催化性能得到明显改善.     

TiO2/SiO2纤维的表征及其光催化活性

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法及离心甩丝,以TiCl4为钛源、乙酰丙酮为螯合剂成功制备了TiO2/SiO2纤维,并采用XRD 、FE-SEM、FT-IR和DSC -TG等手段对样品结构和性能进行表征.结果表明掺入SiO2可以抑制TiO2晶粒长大和晶型转变,700℃热处理后,未掺SiO2和掺15wt; SiO2的样品晶粒大小分别为32.4 nm和7.6 nm.TiO2/SiO2纤维直径为10～20μm,且表面含有大量纳米气孔.以活性艳红X-3B溶液为降解对象,研究了掺杂量、热处理温度对纤维光催化活性的影响,表明最优的方案为掺15wt; SiO2、热处理制度为700℃/2 h.     

TiO2-ZnTiO3纳米复合薄膜的制备及光催化性能

将ZnO粉末加入TiO2溶胶中制备出TiO2/ZnTiO3复合薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱对其形貌、晶体结构、化学组成和光谱响应特征进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,考察了不同ZnO掺入比例对复合薄膜光催化性能的影响.结果表明,所得材料的光催化性能与复合结构中TiO2的结晶结构有关.Ti/Zn=6∶1时,所得复合薄膜由锐钛矿相TiO2与钙钛矿相ZnTiO3构成,薄膜中晶粒尺寸较小(约为30 nm)、结晶度较高、催化性能最好.在紫外光下5h可使亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液脱色降解率达到94;,明显高于纯TiO2薄膜(87;).     

纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜的制备及应用进展

WO3/TiO2复合薄膜具有许多特性,是一种优良的光电功能薄膜材料.利用先进的制膜技术获得性能优异的纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜,对提高光电器件的性能及应用具有重要意义.本文着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、电沉积法和磁控溅射法制备纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜.总结了纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜在电致变色智能窗、光催化技术、湿度传感器上的应用.最后,针对纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜现状提出了未来发展趋势.     

纳米CNTs/SiO2/TiO2复合颗粒的制备及表征

以碳纳米管为核心,采用溶胶-回流法制备了纳米CNTs/SiO2/TiO2复合颗粒.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和BET法对其表面形貌、结构和比表面积进行表征.结果表明,所制纳米CNTs/SiO2/TiO2复合颗粒为双层包覆型结构,SiO2为中间层,最外层是锐钛矿型的TiO2;红外光谱分析显示SiO2和TiO2之间形成了Ti-O-Si键;复合颗粒的比表面积是纯碳纳米管的2倍多.     

(C2N2H10)2Mg(HP2O7)2·2H2O synthesis and crystal structure

(C₂N₂H₁₀)₂Mg(HP₂O₇)₂·2H₂O, is a new inorganic organic hybrid structure. It has been synthetized using wet chemistry. Its crystal structure consists of cis- and trans-edge sharing [MgO₄(H₂O)₂] octahedra resulting in chains, which are linked via [HP₂O₇] units to form [Mg(HP₂O₇)₂(H₂O)₂]⁴⁻ layers. The Mg²⁺ cations and the ethylendiammonium cations are located on centers of inversion. The ethylendiammonium cations are alternately located in the interlayer space. The cohesion of the crystal is well ensured by coulombic interactions between anions and cations and by several hydrogen bonds. The diphosphate anion shows an eclipsed conformation.     

Crystal structure of Rb2[GeO2(OH)2]·2H2O

Single crystals of Rb₂[GeO₂(OH)₂] · 2H₂O are studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic system, sp. gr. Pna2₁, a = 13.523(6) Å, b = 8.143(4) Å, c = 13.407(6) Å, Z = 8, R ₁ = 0.0506. In [GeO₂(OH)₂]^2? anions, the Ge-O distances (1.71–1.73(1) Å) are shorter than the Ge-OH distances (1.76–1.80(1) Å). Anions are linked to each other by pairs of hydrogen bonds to form infinite chains. The chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving water molecules to form a 3D structure. The assignment of the bands in the IR spectrum of the compound under study is performed.     

Elastic properties of the dithionates Na2S2O6 · 2 H2O,K2S2O6, Rb2S2O6, CaS2O6 · 4H2O and SrS2O6 · 4 H2O

Single crystals of the title compounds having optical quality and dimensions of several cm were grown from aqueous solutions. The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates. The true point symmetry of K₂S₂O₆ and Rb₂S₂O₆, which is screened by a hexagonal hypermorphy, could be clearly revealed to be trigonal (32) by the existence of the elastic constant c₁₄. In the case of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O the constant c₁₄ of the specimens appeared too small to confirm the trigonal symmetry group required from electrooptic and non-linear optic effects unambiguously. The isotypy of K₂S₂O₂ and Rb₂S₂O₆ as well as that of CaS₂O₆ · 4H₂O and SrS₂O₆ · 4H₂O is confirmed by their elastic behaviour. The mean elastic stiffness of dithionates is closely related to that of the corresponding sulphates. In the vicinity of the second-order phase transition of K₂S₂O₆ near 235 K weak anomalies of the temperature derivatives of the longitudinal elastic stiffnesses are observed.     

Optical properties of the germanate melilites Sr2MgGe2O7, Sr2ZnGe2O7 and Ba2ZnGe2O7

Refractive indices and their dispersion in the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2325 nm and transmission ranges of the tetragonal melilite‐type germanates Sr₂MgGe₂O₇, Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ were determined. The uniaxial positive crystals Sr₂MgGe₂O₇ and Ba₂ZnGe₂O₇ both offer the possibility for phase matched second harmonic generation, a detailed analysis of phase matching conditions is given. The refractive indices of Sr₂ZnGe₂O₇ show an isoindex (isotropic) point at 467 nm. The investigation was performed on Czochralski grown large single crystals. The crystal structure of all three germanates were determined by means of X ‐ray diffraction. The results corroborate unmodulated melilite‐type structures at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Crystal structure of bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate, [C6H5CH2CHCH2CH2NH2CH2CH2]2HPO4·5H2O

The salt bis 4-benzyl piperidinium monohydrogenmonophosphate pentahydrate is orthorhombic with the following unit cell dimensions: a = 11.235(2) Å, b = 27.924(6) Å, c = 9.321(4) Å space group Pca2₁ with Z = 4. The structure was solved by the Patterson method and refined to final R value of 0.049 for 1802 independent reflections. The flack parameter is 0.14 with an e.s.d. of 0.23. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional [110] planes built of mutually connected ions and water molecules by strong O—H,...,O and N—H,...,O hydrogen bonding. There are no contacts other than normal van der Waals interactions between the layers.     

Optical Properties of MnIn2S2Se2 Single Crystals

Optical transmittance and reflectance spectra of MnIn₂S₂Se₂ single crystals are measured in the wavelength range from 0.5 to 30 μm. The interference method is used to determine the refractive index of the compound for wavelengths between 0.8 and 12 μm. From an analysis of the absorption spectrum it follows that the fundamental edge is due to forbidden indirect transitions between parabolic bands for the polarization E ⊥ c with a gap energy of 1.50 eV at room temperature.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Oxygen-conducting compounds with La2Mo2O9 structure in the ternary system La2Mo2O9-Sm2W2O9-Sm2Mo2O 9 + : Synthesis and properties

Polycrystalline samples in the ternary system La₂Mo₂O₉-Sm₂W₂O₉-Sm₂Mo₂O ₉ ⁺ were synthesized in air. The region of the existence of compounds with the lanthanum molybdate (La₂Mo₂O₉) structure in this system was determined. The polymorphism of the synthesized compounds was studied. Doping with samarium or with samarium and tungsten was shown to lead to the suppression of the transition between the monoclinic and cubic phases α → β and the appearance of the transition β _ms → β between two cubic phases. In samples with a high samarium content, the phase transition β _ms → β manifests itself as significant anomalies in the temperature dependences of the dielectric permeability and electric conductivity. An increase in the concentration of samarium in the samples leads to a substantial decrease in the conductivity compared with the nondoped compound La₂Mo₂O₉.     

Synthesis and characterization of (NH4)2CuBr2Cl2·2H2O crystals

Single crystals of a new compound, (NH₄)₂CuBr₂Cl₂.2H₂O, were grown from saturated aqueous solution at room temperature by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized through elemental, powder XRD, thermal and DSC analyses and FTIR and far IR spectra. The elemental analysis and the decomposition pattern formulated using the TG‐DTG studies confirm the stoichiometry of the compound. The crystallinity of the compound is confirmed from the powder XRD pattern. A preliminary single crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the orthorhombic system with a = 7.7466 Å, b = 7.783 Å and c = 8.1211 Å. The low temperature DSC shows thermal anomalies at –161.1, –156.5, –152.4, –145.2, –134, –18.5, and 1.4°C during the heating run and at –4.3, –54.8, –66.1, –90.6, –109.7 and –147.2 °C during the cooling run. The thermal hysterses indicate first order phase transitions in the title compound at these temperatures. The FTIR spectra were used to assign the characteristic vibrational frequencies due to NH₄⁺, CuX₄^2– ions and other chemical bonds. The effect of substitution of two bromine atoms on the phase transitions of a closely related crystal, diammonium tetrachloro cuprate dihydrate is also discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)