具有动应力、位移和稳定性约束的离散变量桁架结构布局优化设计算法

给出了在动应力、动位移和动稳定约束下离散变量结构布局优化设计问题的数学模型,用“拟静力”算法,将具有动应力约束、动位移约束和动稳定约束的离散变量结构布局优化设计问题化为静应力、静位移和静稳定约束的优化问题,然后利用两级优化算法求解该模型．优化过程由两级组成,拓扑级优化和形状级优化．在每一级,都使用了综合算法,并且在搜索过程中都根据两类设计变量的相对差商值进行搜索．对包含稳定约束和不包含稳定约束的优化结果做了比较,结果显示稳定性约束对优化结果产生较大的影响．     

约束尺度和算子自适应变化的差分进化算法

由于可行域不连续和函数形式复杂使得许多算法难以有效求解约束优化问题,提出了一种约束尺度和算子自适应变化的差分进化算法.通过统计新个体中可行解和不可行解的数量以自适应调整惩罚系数,使个体能够分布在多个不连续的可行域中,从而找到最优解所在区域.同时,算法还采用了两种不同的差分算子,分别用于局部区域的快速寻优和整个可行域的全局探索.在两种算子的选择上,则根据新个体的存活情况和约束违反情况来自适应调整其选择的概率.最后通过3组标准约束优化问题在10维和30维变量下的测试结果显示:所提算法的性能整体优于对比算法,其平均最优解在10维时至少提升了4.75%.     

具有动应力和动位移约束的离散变量结构拓扑优化设计方法

讨论了动应力、动位移约束下离散变量结构拓扑优化设计问题.首先给出问题的数学模型,然后用拟静力算法,将结构惯性力极值作为静载荷施加到结构上,求得结构的动位移和动内力,将考虑动应力约束和动位移约束的离散变量结构拓扑设计问题化为静应力和静位移约束的优化问题,然后利用两类变量统一考虑的离散变量结构拓扑优化设计的综合算法进行求解.     

基于可靠性的工程结构动力响应优化设计

在考虑结构物理参数和作用荷栽同时具有随机性的情况下,建立了具有动应力、动位移可靠性约束和设计变量上下限约束的工程结构优化设计数学模型;分别对结构动力响应的数字特征和基于可靠性的结构动力响应的灵敏度进行了推导.利用内罚函数法求解.算例表明文中构建的优化模型和提出的求解方法是合理与可行的.     

解约束优化问题的相容SQP滤子方法

提出了解约束优化问题的一类相容SQP滤子算法.利用序列二次规划方法结合信赖域技术计算试探步,而用滤子接受准则选择接受试探步.对二次规划子问题的不相容问题,应用Powell1978年于文[9]提出的方法对其约束引进参数进行了可行化处理.在一般条件下,算法具有全局收敛性.最后,数值试验显示了较好的结果.     

正交约束优化问题的一阶算法

带有正交约束的矩阵优化问题在材料计算、统计及数据分析等领域中有着广泛的应用.由于正交约束的可行域是Stiefel流形,一直以来流形上的优化方法是求解这一问题的主要方法.近年来,随着实际应用问题所要求的变量规模的扩大,传统的流形优化方法在计算上的劣势显现出来,而一些迭代简单、收敛快的新算法逐渐被提出.通过收缩方法、非收缩可行方法、不可行方法三个类别分别来介绍求解带有正交约束的矩阵优化问题的最新算法.通过分析这些方法的主要特性,以及应用问题的要求,对这类问题算法设计的研究进行了展望.     

Lamination Design Optimization for Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites of Variable Thicknesses北大核心CSCD

由于具备高的比强度、比刚度,利用连续纤维增强复合材料代替传统金属材料以实现结构轻量化正受到设计者们的广泛关注。然而,结构的复杂性给复合材料的铺层设计与优化带来了很大的挑战。针对航空用复合材料铺层设计约束多的问题,通过逐步构建设计变量准确表达结构的铺层信息。基于经典遗传算法框架,结合各设计变量特点,定义了铺层优化算法中的遗传算子,通过引入“修复”策略保证了每一代解都能满足设计约束,分布在可行域区间内。最后利用精英保留策略提高了算法的局部寻优能力,可以降低复杂复合材料结构铺层设计的计算成本。通过解决经典benchmark问题并与已有优化结果的比较,验证了前述铺层优化算法的全局、局部寻优能力,为工程实际中的复合材料铺层设计优化提供了理论支撑。     

一类可行的两阶段SQP方法

提出了解约束优化问题的一类可行的两阶段SQP滤子算法.利用一类两阶段序列二次规划方法计算试探步,而用滤子接受准则选择接受试探步.针对二次规划子问题的不可行问题,对其约束引进参数进行了可行化处理,可以省略可行恢复项,节省了计算时间.在一般条件下,算法具有全局收敛性.最后,数值试验显示了较好的结果.     

平衡约束优化问题可行的充分条件

提出了平衡约束优化问题可行的一个充分性条件,该类优化问题中除平衡约束以外的关联约束中允许同时出现状态变量和设计变量.     

基于变量选择事件的新弹性网方法

从弹性网(Elastic net)方法所选择的模型出发,构造基于模型选择条件下的系数的精确分布,并通过分布进行推断从而得到检验系数显著性的p值及模型系数的置信区间等.通过方法可对传统弹性网方法所选模型做进一步调整,模拟研究说明了本文所提方法在变量选择中的适用性。如对噪声变量有较强的识别能力等.在实证分析中,使用基于变量选择事件的弹性网方法对我国劳动者工资收入的影响原因进行了筛选,分析表明在传统弹性网方法选取的解释变量中,宗教活动频率、工龄、身体健康程度以及个体身高不是影响劳动收入的最主要原因,可依据实际情况剔除这些变量,减少研究成本且提高分析效率,在实际应用中有一定的参考价值.     

A General Hybrid Optimization Strategy for Curve Fitting in the Non-uniform Rational Basis Spline Framework

In this paper, a general methodology to approximate sets of data points through Non-uniform Rational Basis Spline (NURBS) curves is provided. The proposed approach aims at integrating and optimizing the full set of design variables (both integer and continuous) defining the shape of the NURBS curve. To this purpose, a new formulation of the curve fitting problem is required: it is stated in the form of a constrained nonlinear programming problem by introducing a suitable constraint on the curvature of the curve. In addition, the resulting optimization problem is defined over a domain having variable dimension, wherein both the number and the value of the design variables are optimized. To deal with this class of constrained nonlinear programming problems, a global optimization hybrid tool has been employed. The optimization procedure is split in two steps: firstly, an improved genetic algorithm optimizes both the value and the number of design variables by means of a two-level Darwinian strategy allowing the simultaneous evolution of individuals and species; secondly, the optimum solution provided by the genetic algorithm constitutes the initial guess for the subsequent gradient-based optimization, which aims at improving the accuracy of the fitting curve. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is proven through some mathematical benchmarks as well as a real-world engineering problem.     

Optimization of cylindrical composite shells with regard to their critical mode of imperfections

This study deals with the optimum design of composite shells under external pressure with material strength and loss of stability according to the critical mode of imperfections taken as the failure criterion. The problem of optimum design is solved and the critical mode is obtained by nonlinear optimum programming for which the geometric and initial imperfection parameters are treated as variables. Numerical results are obtained for a cylindrical composite shell supported freely at its ends. The effect of shear forces between layers on the load-carrying capacity of the shell is also investigated.Presented at the 10th International Conference on the Mechanics of Composite Materials (Riga, April 20–23, 1998).Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 613–620, September–October, 1998.     

Nonlinear Analysis and Optimum Design of Guyed Masts

In this paper the nonlinear analysis and design optimization of guyed masts is addressed. The mast is modeled as a 3D truss and is supported by catenary cable elements that have nonlinear elastic behavior. For nonlinear static analysis, an innovative procedure is proposed that divides the structure into linear and nonlinear parts and analyzes them separately. The proposed method satisfies the equilibrium and compatibility by establishing and solution of a set of nonlinear equations. The optimization problem employs the sizes of members, initial cable tensions and the positions of anchor on the ground and tie level of cables on the mast as design variables. To facilitate the optimization solution, a compatible sensitivity analysis procedure is proposed. Sensitivities of objective function, displacement and strength constraints in the mast and cables, subjected to a variety of load combinations including dead, wind and ice loads are calculated. Numerical examples are provided to show the nonlinear analysis procedure and the applicability of the algorithm to optimum design of practical guyed masts.     

应力和位移约束下连续体结构拓扑优化

同时考滤应力和位移约束的连续体结构拓扑优化问题,很难用现有的均匀方法或变密度方法等求解。主要困难在于难以建立应力和位移约束与拓扑设计变量间显式关系式;即使建立了这种关系,也由于优化问题规模过大,利用常规的数学规划方法难以求解。隋允康、杨德庆曾提出了基于独立连续拓扑变量及映射变换（ＩＣＭ）的桁架结构拓扑优化模型。本文在此基础上,建立了以重量为目标,考虑应力和位移约束的连续体结构拓扑优化模型,并推导出     

离散变量的分级优化方法及其应用

在工程优化设计中,绝大多数实际问题的设计变量往往限定取离散值,为了求得问题的真正最优解,就必须采用离散变量的优化方法进行求解.本文根据离散变量数学规划的特性,提出了一种分级优化搜索算法.这种方法的基本思想是在约束集合内,寻求一可行的离散初始点,然后在该点的邻域内,进行分级寻优搜索,以求得一个改进的新离散点,随之,以该点作为初始点,重复执行分级寻优搜索过程,直至求得问题的最优解.通过对工程实例的计算,证明本文所提出的新方法具有快速、简便的特点,能有效地应用各种工程优化设计问题.     

Optimization of the contact pressure in the problem of the interaction of a punch and an elastic medium

The problem of optimizing the pressure distribution under a rigid punch, which interacts without friction with an elastic medium filling a half-space, is investigated. The shape of the punch is taken as the initial variable of the design, while the root mean square deviation of the pressure distribution, which occurs under the punch, from a certain specified distribution, plays the role of the minimized functional. The values of the total forces and moments, applied to the punch, are assumed to be given, which leads to limitations imposed on the pressure distribution by the equilibrium conditions. It is shown that the optimization problem allows of decomposition into two successively solvable problems. The first problem consists of finding the pressure distribution which makes the optimized quality functional a minimum. The second problem is reduced to the problem of obtaining directly the optimum shape of the punch that yields the pressure distribution found. The optimization problem is investigated analytically for punches of different shape in plan. The optimum shapes are given in explicit form for punches with rectangular bases.     

一个关于高柔结构顺风向抗风设计中考虑地震作用组合的概率模型及求解

基于概率方法建立了高柔结构顺风向抗风设计中,考虑地震作用组合的总水平荷载的计算模型并进行了求解．在基于Turkstra准则的具体组合分析中,考虑了风和地震作用作为离散随机过程的发生概率以及风速和地面加速度的概率分布特征,并按照随机变量及相应函数的概率密度关系,得到了风和地震作用的概率密度分布．后利用卷积方法,分析探讨了结构抗风设计中地震作用的组合,并给出了实际的高柔结构算例．该研究反映对于水平荷载由风荷载起控制作用的高柔结构,最大水平荷载验算中,考虑风和地震作用后组合的总荷载可能较抗震设计中考虑了风荷载组合的结果更为不利．     

Crashworthiness optimization of VRB thin-walled structures under manufacturing constraints by the eHCA-VRB algorithm

Variable-thickness rolled blanks (VRBs) represent an important approach for constructing lightweight structures. However, the optimization of the crashworthiness and thickness distribution of VRB thin-walled structures under manufacturing constraints is a nonlinear dynamic-response structural-optimization problem that has a large number of design variables. To tackle this problem, this paper has extended and improved the hybrid cellular automaton for thin-walled structures (HCATWS) algorithm, and has proposed an extended hybrid cellular automaton for VRB thin-walled structures (eHCA-VRB) algorithm. This algorithm consists of an outer loop and an inner loop. The outer loop performs crash simulation analysis to define an appropriate target mass for the inner loop, whereas the inner loop adjusts cell thicknesses according to the internal energy density (IED) of the current cell and its neighboring cells so that the IED in the design domain becomes evenly distributed. A one-dimensional CA model is defined along with the rolling direction based on the thickness distribution of VRB thin-walled structures. Furthermore, the eHCA-VRB algorithm also generates a mapping relationship between the one-dimensional CA model and the FE model. To optimize the thickness distribution of VRB thin-walled structures under manufacturing constraints, our method uses cell thickness as a design variable and incorporates the constraints of the VRB rolling process in the cell thickness update rules. To verify the convergence and efficiency of the eHCA-VRB algorithm, VRB top-hat thin-walled structures are optimized for crashworthiness with/or without manufacturing constraints (M.C.), respectively. The results show that the eHCA-VRB algorithm can be used to efficiently solve the optimization problems of crashworthiness and the thickness distribution of VRB thin-walled structures under manufacturing constraints.     

Interconnections and Initial Conditions of Linear Systems With First-Order Representations

This paper considers the initial value problem of an interconnection composed of linear systems described by the first-order differential/algebraic equations (DAEs). An initial condition of the system variable for which the DAE has a solution is called admissible. For the interconnected system, we formulate the invariance of the admissible initial condition sets (AICSs) of the sub-systems under interconnection. Namely, the AICSs are said to be invariant if they remain unchanged even when additional constraints due to interconnection are imposed on the system variables. It is shown that the feedback and regular feedback structures of the interconnection guarantee the invariance of the AICSs in the senses of impulsive-smooth distributions and smooth distributions, respectively. The results in this paper justify the use of a feedback controller in the control system design.