碾压混凝土坝渗流场与应力场耦合模型研究

针对碾压混凝土坝存在众多施工层面问题,提出了确定影响层厚度以及相应物理力学参数的方法;在此基础上,探讨并建立了碾压混凝土坝渗流场与应力场两场耦合模型,研制了相应的三维有限元程序．研究表明,结合试验和理论分析确定的碾压混凝土坝层面影响层的厚度、弹性模量和泊松比等参数更切合实际;提出的碾压混凝土坝渗流场与应力场两场耦合模型,能较好地体现两场耦合作用,开发的三维有限元模型能较充分反映碾压混凝土坝施工层面的特性．通过研究,为分析施工层面对碾压混凝土坝变化性态影响,以及了解大坝的应力和渗流的相互作用提供了科学依据．     

洼38块特稠油油藏流-固-热三场耦合规律研究

近年来,随着石油的不断开发开采,在研究高压注水,稠油热采等涉及到温度剧烈变化的研究领域中,油藏工作者难以通过经典的渗流力学理论和传统的油藏数值模拟方法得到有效、合理的解释,必须考虑到温度场、渗流场、应力场三场相互影响、相互作用、相互变化等相关变化因素.基于考虑热弹性的岩石应力一应变关系、地下流体运动定律、能量守恒定律,建立包括油水两相渗流控制方程、岩石变形体控制方程、温度场控制方程的稠油油藏三场耦合数学模型,运用全耦合算法实现同时求解所有耦合方程组,研究了应用有限元分析软件ADINA进行三场耦合规律的建模过程与方法.以小洼油田洼38块为例研究三场耦合规律.结果表明:距离井筒越近,其总位移、温度场、应力场、渗流场及岩石物性参数越会产生明显的变化;距离井筒越远,其变化越不明显.距离井筒越近的储层温度变化越剧烈,而距离井筒越远的储层温度变化越缓;井筒周围的温度变化呈现倒置漏斗形状,随着注水的不断进行,漏斗会逐渐平缓;最后储层各点的温度会平衡在同一温度水平线上,达到平衡状态.模型较为真实的模拟油藏实际开采情况.     

基于数据驱动与遗传计算的海域组合单元水质模型多参数分步耦合优化反演方法研究

考虑水质模型参数时域和地域差异性,建立了模型参数在各单元与时段内独立赋值的海域组合单元水质模型.结合多种反演方式的效率问题,通过数据驱动模型、遗传算法和海域组合单元水质模型的分步耦合,提出了水质模型多参数优化反演的新方法:将数据驱动模型同海域组合单元水质模型有机结合进行初步反演,获得多参数匹配关系;以误差函数为适应度,将海域组合单元水质模型嵌入遗传算法模型中,以多参数匹配关系初值为约束条件,进行多参数精确反演.最后以渤海湾海域组合单元水质模型多参数反演的"孪生"试验验证方法的有效性,数值结果表明分步耦合反演新方法具有较高的精度和效率;组合单元式的参数赋值与反演方式有利于提高模型验证精度.     

冰水界面海洋热通量的参数辨识系统

利用参数辨识和冰厚观测研究了固定冰冰底海洋热通量,建立了冰底薄层能量平衡系统,证明了系统解的存在与唯一性.以海洋热通量为辨识参数,观测和计算冰厚差值为目标函数,建立最优辨识模型.利用有界变差函数理论分析最优辨识模型最优解的存在性,通过改进遗传算法求得最优解.根据现场观测的2006-2007年冬季中山站附近固定冰冰厚数据进行了数值模拟,通过2005-2006年数值结果检验表明所建立的冰底薄层能量平衡系统及参数辨识模型是正确有效的.     

一类海冰-海水耦合热力学系统参数辨识问题的最优性

针对一维的海冰-海水耦合热力学系统,以该系统中的物理参数为辨识量,以温度偏差为目标函数,建立了一个参数辨识模型,并证明了该问题最优解的存在性,从而为这类海冰-海水耦合热力学系统参数辨识问题的数值计算提供数学理论依据.     

双重孔隙渗流作用井眼围岩损伤力学模型研究

考虑双重介质建立了井眼围岩力学模型,考虑井眼围岩岩体为孔隙、裂缝双重介质,将围岩区域分为破坏区、损伤区和弹性区,建立双重介质渗流作用下的井壁围岩不同区域的损伤力学计算模型和井眼损伤区域的计算方法,计算结果表明理论计算模型与有限元模拟结果吻合较好.     

页岩裂缝系统产量预测的敏感性研究

考虑气体渗流、解吸附效应、储层压缩性和滑脱效应,建立了页岩裂缝系统产能的全耦合数学模型.采用有限元方法求解基质和裂缝流场,计算结果与已有的研究结果吻合,验证了模型的正确性.在此基础上,分析了裂缝半长、条数、间距等参数对产能的影响以及解吸附效应对产能的作用.结果表明:裂缝参数之间存在相互作用.裂缝半长对产能的影响最大,裂缝条数的优化与裂缝半长有关;在生产中后期,解吸附效应可以提供相当可观的气体产量,对稳定产能有重要意义.该模型可以为页岩压裂设计提供理论指导.     

一类传染性疾病动力学数学模型的参数反演

针对一类传染性疾病动力学数学模型的参数反演问题,提出了最佳摄动量算法.此算法是利用算子识别摄动法和线性化技术,建立的数值迭代方法.在MATLAB平台下对具体算例进行了程序实现和数值计算,验证了最佳摄动量法解决此类问题的可行性和有效性,反演得到的参数结果有助于我们分析和研究传染性疾病动力学模型,从而进一步预测和评估疫情.     

页岩压裂水平井增产改造体积的动态演化模型

页岩气藏开发实践表明,水平井分段压裂是实现页岩气藏经济有效开发的关键技术,其中增产改造体积(SRV)是控制页岩压后效果的核心参数,对SRV的准确计算和表征已成为页岩压裂研究领域的重点难点问题.基于目前SRV评价方法的局限性,考虑动态扩展裂缝与储层应力场和压力场的耦合作用,以及它们实时变化触发储层天然裂缝的破裂机制,建立了一种SRV动态演化计算模型,采用该模型可以计算和表征裂缝动态扩展形态、储层渗透率演化分布以及SRV的空间展布.由于模型与页岩压裂过程中储层SRV实际动态扩展物理机制较一致,采用该模型对SRV的评价计算更符合矿场实际.基于文中提出的计算方法,以威远页岩气开发示范区某压裂井段为例,验证了模型的可靠性,并计算分析了SRV随时间的动态演化过程及变化规律.该文研究对于提升页岩水平井分段分簇压裂SRV计算准确性,提高压裂优化设计以及压后效果评估具有重要的理论指导意义和矿场应用价值.     

页岩中页岩气渗流系数计算模型

依据页岩气在页岩孔隙中的渗流行为,建立了页岩气释放、扩散耦合模型,利用Laplace变换方法,将耦合模型转化为Laplace空间上常微分方程初边值问题,并找到了压力解析解,求得了渗透系数.实例计算验证了渗流模型及解的可靠性,丰富了页岩气不定常渗流理论.     

An explicit form of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the Barenblatt–Zheltov–Kochina equation

A solution of the Cauchy problem in an isotropic medium and in an anisotropic medium with clearly expressed vertical or horizontal permeability is constructed for the Barenblatt–Zheltov–Kochina model representation of the seepage of a fluid in fissured porous rock by reducing the seepage problems under consideration to solving an abstract Cauchy problem in a Banach space.     

The effect of seepage on the stress–strain state of rock near a borehole

The effect of the strain-strength and seepage properties of rock and the compressibility of the percolating fluid on the dimensions of the rock fracture zones, which occur in oil and gas boreholes when the bottom hole pressure is reduced, is investigated. The seepage is considered basing on the stationary formulation of the problem, which enables the general case to be investigated. It is shown that in the case of unsteady flow, the stresses on the boundary of the rock fracture zone and, as a consequence, on its dimensions, are independent of the nature of the pressure distribution in the stratum, and are determined solely by the pressure of the percolating fluid on the boundary of this zone. It is established that an increase in the compressibility of the percolating fluid leads to an increase in the dimensions of the rock fracture zone.     

Investigation of the effect of seepage or evaporation from a free surface by the method of circular polygons

It is proposed to use a technique developed for polygons in polar nets to integrate equations of the Fuchs class that arise when solving a wide range of problems of plane steady seepage flow using the Polubarinova-Kochina method, based on the use of the analytical theory of linear differential equations. It is shown that, for a large class of pentagons in domains where the flows,which are very characteristic of seepage problems when there is infiltration or evaporation from the free surface, have a complex velocity, the solution of the problem of determining the unknown parameters which appear in the conformal mapping can be completed. In this case, the mapping is carried out in closed form in terms of elementary functions and it is simple and convenient for subsequent application. The results obtained are used to solve the problem of seepage from a channel, taking account of the capillarity of the ground when there is evaporation from the free surface. The results of numerical calculations are presented and a hydrodynamic analysis of the effect of the basic physical parameters of the model on the dimensions of the saturation zone is given.     

Optimization of the piston geometry to generate a desired stress wave shape

Impacting rods are used in various devices in practical life but also for scientific experiments. The challenge in modeling is the collision between the impacting rods which leads to a sudden velocity jump at the contact zone. Thus, the non-smooth problem is difficult to calculate with commercial FE programs. In this contribution, an approach to calculate 1D impact problems is presented. The geometries of the impacting rods are approximated with piecewise constant cross sections. On a constant segment, the solution of the wave problem is known by the D'Alembert solution and at each change of cross section the incoming wave is partly reflected and partly transmitted which is considered by transition conditions. This results in a multitude of transmissions and reflections that are all contributing to the final shape of the stress in the rods. Finally, the approach is applied in the field of rock drilling and the stress shape of the impacting rods is presented. (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于Schwarz-Christoffel变换的圆形隧道围岩应力分布特征研究

隧道围岩应力还原到实际区域的变换方法被越来越多地应用到工程实践中,对复杂形状围岩体内的隧道围岩应力计算方法和隧道围岩稳定性的研究具有重要的实践指导意义.该文建立了不规则岩体中开挖圆形隧道的力学模型,运用复变函数理论,通过映射函数Schwarz-Christoffel变换,得到复平面单位圆到隧道所处多边形岩体的映射函数,在复变函数数域内分析了多边形岩体应力的求解步骤,运用弹性力学理论等推导了不规则岩体中圆形隧道的复变应力函数Φ(ξ)和φ(ξ)的表达式,并得出围岩体任一点应力分量σρ和σθ的解析通式.通过具体算例分析可知,岩体形状对圆形隧道的稳定性有较大的影响,隧道所处4种形状下的围岩体最大应力值分布规律为:顶底板的最大应力值从六边形、五边形、四边形、圆形围岩体依次减小,帮部的最大应力值从圆形、四边形、五边形、六边形围岩体依次减小.     

Strain of an anisotropic monolith during the excavation of minerals

We solve the problem of the normal and transverse shear in an anisotropic monolith during the excavation of a stratum of solid mineral. It is shown that the stress perturbation field in the rock is due to the whole extent of the excavated portion of the stratum. We study way in which the friction that arises between the interacting rock of the roof and the floor influences the strain and stress fields as the front of the excavation evolves, and also the influence of the extent of the excavated portion of the rock stratum on the magnitude of the accumulated tangential displacements. Three figures. Translated fromTeoreticheskaya i Prikladnaya Mekhanika, No. 25, 1995, pp. 62–69.     

凝析油-气在存在裂缝的双渗介质中渗流的变产量数学模型及其应用

当凝析气藏压力低于露点压力时,有凝析油析出,致使井底附近阻力变大,影响凝析气的采出量,反凝析现象带来了一些特殊的经济问题.选择合理的开发方式,提高凝析气的采收率,成为了当前工作中迫切需要解决的难题.为了控制合理的井底流压常会引起产量的改变.主要针对凝析气在存在裂缝的双渗气藏中的渗流问题,建立气井变产量生产新模型并进行求解,同时选择相关合理参数绘制了试井理论图版,根据试井理论图版利用试井测试数据进行解释,可以得到相应动态参数为气田开发预案提供相应的理论依据.     

锚固岩体参数的等效方法研究

利用岩体中结构体与结构面的刚度系数比较严密地推导了裂隙岩体的等效法向及切向刚度系数;基于岩体小变形、变形可叠加性及强度参数C、φ不相关性假定,利用Coulomb强度理论推导了裂隙岩体等效连续体的等效强度参数C、φ值的表达式.其成果在岩体边坡的整体稳定分析方面具有重要的应用价值,对于推动岩体本构关系的研究具有重要意义.