低轨空间目标地基偏振成像系统偏振定标方法

针对地基大口径望远镜的机上自适应光学系统构建的低轨空间目标偏振成像系统,提出一种基于非偏振标准星和机上起偏装置的宽带偏振定标方法。该方法以非偏振标准星作为光源,并在望远镜系统的一次像面处加入起偏装置对入射光的偏振态进行调制,再结合基于非线性最小二乘拟合的偏振定标方法分两步对整个偏振成像系统进行宽带偏振定标。为验证该偏振定标方法的效果,利用Matlab软件基于相干矩阵和偏振追迹构建了相应的模型进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明该偏振定标方法可以有效减小望远镜系统偏振效应对偏振探测准确性的影响,并且偏振定标元件的初始角度误差在±5°范围内时对偏振定标准确性的影响极小。     

阻抗劈绕射对破碎波后向散射特性的影响

海浪的破碎区会导致海面电磁散射特性发生很大改变,导致海尖峰现象的产生.本文结合阻抗劈结构模型分析了劈绕射对破碎波后向散射特性的影响.首先利用基尔霍夫近似求解破碎波的物理光学场;基于Maliuzhinets方法,从波动方程及精确阻抗边界条件出发,由谱函数的积分形式得到阻抗劈的一致性绕射系数,结合物理光学绕射系数导出阻抗劈等效边缘电磁流;利用边缘绕射场修正物理光学场,得到考虑劈绕射效应的破碎波散射总场.数值结果表明,阻抗劈的绕射场在Keller锥内出现HH极化大于VV极化的现象,因此计入绕射场的影响会使得破碎波生长到临近坍塌阶段时,小擦地角逆风观测出现总场的后向散射截面HH极化大于VV极化的现象,说明劈绕射是造成海尖峰现象产生的原因之一.     

Removal of surface plasmon polariton eigenmodes degeneracy

The effect of the tilt angle of a metal film on the transmissivity of subwavelength holes in optically thick metal film is investigated. We found that the transmission efficiency can be highly dependent on the tilt angle. It is also found that when the input photons are not polarized along the eigenmode directions of surface plasmon polariton, a birefringent phenomenon is observed when a periodic array of subwavelength holes is tilted. Linear polarization states can be changed to elliptical polarization states, and a phase can be added between two eigenmodes. The phase is changed with the tilt angle. A model based on surface plasmon polariton eigenmodes degeneracy is presented to explain these experimental results. PACS 81.07.-b; 71.36.+c; 78.66.Bz     

激光遥感偏振成像系统光学元件调整及误差分析

改进了利用双旋转波片方法进行偏振成像的实验装置,提出了通过一次测量获得目标偏振度和强度编码图像的方法.运用光强法对激光遥感偏振成像装置的光学元件进行调整,通过斯托克斯和穆勒矩阵在偏振光学元件中的应用,给出了相应光学元件的调整原理、方法及过程.分析了激光器中心波长变动、偏振片的角度误差和波片的相位延迟及角度误差对整个系统的影响.结果表明,由偏振片角度和波片角度误差造成的出射光斯托克斯误差较小,不超过0.001,可以忽略;由波片相位延迟不精确造成的误差在0.02左右,所以应采用延迟精度较高的波片;激光器中心波长变化的影响最大,不能忽略,必须加滤光片使接收光的中心波长控制在808nm;镀有铝膜望远镜对接收到的散射光偏振度影响较小,适于激光遥感偏振成像系统的应用.     

Optical magnus effect as a consequence of Berry phase anisotropy

Presented in this work is a modified geometric optics of smoothly inhomogeneous isotropic medium, which takes into account weak anisotropy introduced by inhomogeneity. Pointed out is the common nature of two fundamental phenomena: Berry’s geometrical phase and the optical Magnus effect, that is, propagation of rays of right and left circular polarization along different trajectories. Shown is that the former phenomenon can be explained by the difference in phase velocity of waves of right-hand and left-hand polarizations, while the latter one is the result of the difference in their group velocity. This work demonstrates that the optical Magnus effect is quite a topological effect that exclusively depends on the geometry of the system’s contour in the momentum space. We predict the effect of the splitting of a ray of mixed polarization into two circularly polarized rays and propose a scheme for the experimental observation of this phenomenon.     

基于谐振环的太赫兹宽带偏振转换器件研究

提出了一个基于谐振环结构的宽带且高效的太赫兹线偏振转换器.该结构由金属-电介质-金属三层构成,位于顶层的是基于开口谐振环的超表面,中间为介质层,底部为金属板.实验结果表明,该结构可以在0.59-1.24 THz频率范围内将线偏振的太赫兹波偏振方向旋转90°,转换率超过80%.通过计算该结构在所研究的频率范围内反射光的偏振角和椭圆角,证实了该结构可以在较宽的频率范围内实现高效的线偏振转换.对该结构在偏振转换率高的频率下表面电流和电场进行仿真,分析了高偏振转换率和宽带的机理.同时,研究了该结构的偏振转换率对入射角以及偏振角的依赖性,结果表明该结构在0°-30°入射角范围内、-10°-10°偏振角范围内均有很好的偏振转换性能.     

Structuring of photosensitive material below diffraction limit using far field irradiation

In this paper, we report on in-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of topographical changes in azobenzene-containing photosensitive polymer films that are irradiated with light interference patterns. We have developed an experimental setup consisting of an AFM combined with two-beam interferometry that permits us to switch between different polarization states of the two interfering beams while scanning the illuminated area of the polymer film, acquiring corresponding changes in topography in-situ. This way, we are able to analyze how the change in topography is related to the variation of the electrical field vector within the interference pattern. It is for the first time that with a rather simple experimental approach a rigorous assignment can be achieved. By performing in-situ measurements we found that for a certain polarization combination of two interfering beams [namely for the SP (?, ?) polarization pattern] the topography forms surface relief grating with only half the period of the interference patterns. Exploiting this phenomenon we are able to fabricate surface relief structures with characteristic features measuring only 140 nm, by using far field optics with a wavelength of 491 nm. We believe that this relatively simple method could be extremely valuable to, for instance, produce structural features below the diffraction limit at high-throughput, and this could significantly contribute to the search of new fabrication strategies in electronics and photonics industry.     

Polarization-dependent two-color dispersion wave generation and evolution in polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber

We investigate the effect of the polarization state of the input pulses on the visible emissions in the anomalous dispersion region of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF), by using ～100 fs pump pulses whose central wavelength (1064 nm) is close to the second zero dispersion wavelength (1100 nm) of the fiber, where the soliton fission mechanisms play an important role. The experimental results show that the phase-matching two-color dispersive wave emission, one at 582 nm and the other at 600 nm, is polarization-dependent and frequency shift results from the different dispersion characteristics along the two orthogonal principal axes of PM-PCF. Furthermore, it is observed for the first time that the variation of the linear input polarization angles in 45° region almost has no influence on the output spectral profiles, and the break variation of the output spectrum exists when the angle between the polarization of the linear incident pulse and the fast-axis or the slow-axis of PM-PCF is 45°, which are attributed to the coupling between the two polarization modes in high birefringent PM-PCF.     

Computer-generated space-variant polarization elements with subwavelength metal stripes

A novel method of performing two-dimensional space-variant polarization operations is presented. The method is based on determining the local direction and period of subwavelength metal-stripe gratings by use of vectorial optics to obtain any desired continuous polarization change. We demonstrate our approach with specific computer-generated space-variant polarization elements for laser radiation at 10.6mum. The polarization properties are verified with complete space-variant polarization analysis and measurement.     

基于亚波长偏振光栅的偏振光分束器设计

利用琼斯矩阵和矢量傅里叶系数方法分析了二元亚波长偏振光栅的偏振特性和衍射效率,并给出了相应的数学解析式.研究发现,通过入射光的偏振可以控制不同衍射输出级的偏振态,且0级输入偏振态与输出偏振态始终相同,而其它级次除线偏光外都与入射偏振态相反.当二元亚波长偏振光栅的位相延迟分别设置为0.62π和π时,可以将二元亚波长偏振光栅设计为1→3或1→2的偏振光分束器,且分束器具有衍射效率高、宽带宽、对入射角的变化不甚敏感的特点.     

用偏光干涉法动态测量扭曲向列型液晶指向矢

提出一种基于双折射晶体劈的偏振态实时测量方法,并将该方法用于扭曲向列型液晶透射光的偏振态分析,实现了液晶分子平均指向矢的动态测量.利用基于晶体劈的偏光干涉法将待测光的偏振参量编码为两组干涉条纹,通过对干涉条纹定位实现偏振态的实时测量;再根据液晶指向矢的倾角、扭转角与透射光偏振态之间的关系,推算出液晶分子平均指向矢的动态信息.本实验测量液晶指向矢的速度为每秒5次,液晶平均指向矢的倾角、扭转角的测量准确度达到0.2°.本文研究为液晶分子平均指向矢的动态测量提供了一种有效途径.     

The effect of the optical anisotropy of scattering media on the polarization state of scattered light

The effect of the optical anisotropy of scattering media on the polarization state of scattered light is studied. The study is performed using a simple polarization method based on the comparison of the spectral composition of the co-and cross-polarized components of transmitted light measured for samples differently oriented with respect to the plane of polarization of probe linearly polarized light. The experimental results obtained are interpreted theoretically in terms of ordinary methods used in optics of birefringent media. Using rat skin as an example, it is shown that surface tissues can be characterized by a high degree of orientational order of the local optical axis of a medium within large areas (with a size of 5 mm or more), which manifests itself in macroscopic optical measurements. In such measurements in the spectral range 550–700 nm, whole rat skin behaves as a partially depolarized phase plate with a difference between the principal refractive indices Δn ≈ 0.00023.     

石英消偏器紫外-真空紫外消偏特性研究

在Lyot消偏器的基础上 ,设计研制了由两块楔角相同的楔形石英晶体构成的石英消偏器 ,用于降低光谱仪偏振响应度。根据矩阵光学理论 ,数值模拟计算了紫外 真空紫外波段石英消偏器消偏特性随其中心厚度以及入射光偏振状态、光谱带宽等的变化规律。利用氟化锂偏振器作为起偏器和检偏器 ,在 1mSeya Namioka单色仪上实验研究了石英消偏器在紫外 真空紫外波段的消偏特性 ,经过石英消偏器后 ,出射光的偏振度小于 1% ,可满足石英消偏器用于光谱辐射测量的工作要求。     

Noise reduction and signal to noise ratio improvement in magneto-optical polarization rotation measurement

The measurement of an extremely small magneto-optical polarization rotation angle with high sensitivity is integral to many scientific and technological applications. In this Letter, we have presented a technique based on Faraday modulation combined with the optical differential method to measure an extremely small polarization rotation angle with high sensitivity. The theoretical and experimental results show that common mode noise is reduced appreciably and signal to noise ratio is enhanced. The effectiveness of this technique has been demonstrated by measuring the Verdet constant of terbium gallium garnet glass and measuring the small polarization rotation angle. A sensitivity of enhancement of one order of magnitude has been achieved using differential detection based on Faraday modulation.     

偏振光学系统中相位延迟机理及其应用

为了实现偏振编码的自由空间量子密钥分发实验,研制了偏振保持的光机系统,并对该系统所采用的相位延迟传输机理及应用进行了研究,建立了偏振误码率在允许范围内的量子链路.首先,采用矩阵光学理论对偏振光的方位角、相位延迟与消光比的关系进行了介绍.接着,通过矩阵光学理论及实验验证了偏振光学系统的相位延迟线性叠加原理.然后,在相位延迟线性叠加原理的基础上,设计了一套偏振保持光学系统,并通过理论分析及实验验证了此系统具备良好的偏振保持效果.最后,将偏振保持光学系统的设计机理应用于量子通信光机系统的设计之中,并取得了良好的设计效果.实验结果表明:相位之间的相互抵消可以有效地进行偏振保持设计,最终设计的量子通信光机系统的偏振消光比优于500∶1.满足了自由空间量子通信实验中对偏振误码率的要求.     

亚波长金属偏振分束光栅设计分析

结合有效介质理论和薄膜光学的抗反射设计方法,设计了基于0.65μm工作波长的亚波长金属偏振分束光栅,给出了光栅的优化设计参数,采用严格耦合波理论分析了光栅的偏振分束特性.结果表明,亚波长金属光栅对TE偏振表现为金属膜特性,具有高反射,对TM偏振表现为介质膜特性,具有高透射,在-30°<θ<30°的大入射角范围和0.47μm<λ<0.80μm的宽入射波谱内,该光栅的透射光和反射光均具有高偏振消光比和低插入损耗的特点. 关键词： 亚波长金属偏振分束光栅 有效介质理论 薄膜光学 严格耦合波理论     

Splitting Single-Photon Polarization State with Weak Cross–Kerr Nonlinearity

We propose a three-party scheme for quantum information splitting(QIS) of an arbitrary single-photon polarization state based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity combined with linear optics elements such as polarization beam splitters(PBSs) and half wave plates(HWPs). The scheme is generalized to the arbitrary-party case. With the help of quantum nondemolition(QND) measurements, our schemes can be accomplished in an almost deterministic way. The two schemes are feasible with the current technology.     

Splitting Single-Photon Polarization State with Weak Cross—Kerr Nonlinearity

We propose a three-party scheme for quantum information splitting (QIS) of an arbitrary single-photon polarization state based on weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity combined with linear optics elements such as polarization beam splitters (PBSs) and half wave plates (HWPs). The scheme is generalized to the arbitrary-party case. With the help of quantum nondemolition (QND) measurements, our schemes can be accomplished in an almost deterministic way. The two schemes are feasible with the current technology.     

双折射双频激光器偏振特性的分析

用激光原理和晶体光学原理分析了腔内加旋光晶体的激光器输出光的偏振特性，实验和分析表明，激光器输出两束不同频率的垂直线偏振光，激光器两端输出光的偏振面有一夹角ａ，且此夹角与晶轴和传光方向的夹角θ有关。理论计算结果在双折射双频激光器的实验结果符合很好。     

Quantum teleportation of an entangled 2-photon polarization state with preparing determinately two Bell states based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity

A scheme, in which cross-Kerr nonlinearity is used for the Bell-state measurements and preparation of the resource of entanglement, is proposed for teleporting an entangled 2-photon state by using two polarization-photon Bell states as quantum channel based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity combined with linear optics elements such as polarization beam splitters and half wave plates. Teleportation of the entangled 2-photon polarization state can realized with certainty in principle.