A low transmission loss THz polarization splitter based on dual-core optical fiber

We propose a design of a low loss terahertz polarization splitter based on a dual-core terahertz fiber with crossed dielectric strips in the fiber cross section. Low transmission loss is realized by extending the mode field to the air holes adjacent to the solid material. An 11.4-cm-long terahertz polarization splitter is obtained with the extinction ratio better than −15 dB and a bandwidth of 16 μm.     

Design of bias-free operational uni-traveling carrier photodiodes for terahertz wave generation

In this paper, the bias-free operational uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) for terahertz wave generation is designed via physics-based simulation. The physics-based model is established at first and then the reliability of the simulation is demonstrated by comparison to previously reported experimental results. The epitaxial layers of the UTC-PD are analyzed and investigated to improve its bandwidth and output-power simultaneously. By optimizing the spacers and the collector, and using a combination of optimal graded-doping profile and graded-bandgap material for the absorber, the 3-dB bandwidth and the peaked output-power of the UTC-PD are improved by 36.5% and 2.262 dB, respectively. The 3-dB bandwidth of the optimized bias-free operational UTC-PD with mesa diameter of 8, 6, 5, 4 and 3-μm can achieve 106, 137.67, 158.3, 183 and 211 GHz, respectively.     

环状烯烃聚合物基底材料的太赫兹复介电常数和损耗特性研究

太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)已被用于研究包括液体,半导体,爆炸物和气体等多种材料。然而自由空间太赫兹光谱系统存在着一些检测局限性,如微量物质难以被检测、系统尺寸难以实现微型化、空气中水的强烈吸收引起的信号衰减较大等问题。为了解决这些问题,研究人员设计了基于金属波导传输线结构的太赫兹芯片集成器件,通过飞秒红外激光激励传输线上的光电导材料实现太赫兹波的产生和检测。然而,在这些芯片上传输的太赫兹信号的频谱宽度很难达到自由空间太赫兹时域光谱系统的频带宽度,一个重要原因是由于传输信号受到随频率增加的传输线损耗所导致的衰减。通常这些损耗主要由三个部分组成：导体损耗,介电损耗和辐射损耗。研究表明：使用低介电常数材料作为共面传输线的衬底,将减少这种介电常数的失配,从而避免冲击波辐射损失;使用具有低损耗角正切的基底材料可以减少太赫兹传输线的损耗。环烯烃聚合物(COP)是一种具有环状烯烃结构的非晶性透明共聚物的材料,在太赫兹波段具有很高的透射率,为了探究这种材料是否能用于共面传输线的衬底,需要通过太赫兹时域光谱技术和介电函数理论分析它在太赫兹频段的光谱和介电特性,以及对这种材料作为基底时用在太赫兹传输线的传输特性进行仿真计算分析。使用透射式太赫兹时域光谱系统,对三种COP、熔融石英和PMMA进行了光谱测试,提取了它们的透射时域信号,采用Dorney和Duvillaret等提出的物理模型计算复介电函数。实验表明：与其他两种材料相比,COP材料在1 THz处的透过率更高,可以达到94.5%,同时介电损耗和介电常数更低,其中介电损耗在1 THz处达到4.31×10-4,因此将COP作为传输线基底材料时能有效减少基底的介电损耗。同时COP材料的介电常数在0.2～2.8 THz范围内维持在约2.3的水平,也有效减弱了辐射损耗。对实验材料基底组成的共面波导传输线进行了HFSS模拟,获得了它们的正向传输衰减系数(S₂₁ parameter),并对由基底引起的介电损耗和辐射损耗进行了计算分析。模拟和计算结果也表明在同一传输线结构下,与其他材料相比COP作为基底时的损耗更小。通过太赫兹时域光谱法与介电响应分析,表明了在太赫兹波段具有较低介电常数的COP材料更适合作为太赫兹传输线结构的基底材料,它可以有效的降低因基底引起的介电损耗和辐射损耗。这为太赫兹传输线的设计过程中衬底材料的选择与应用提供了实验和理论依据。     

基于太赫兹量子级联激光器的无线信号传输的实现

文章采用连续波激射的太赫兹量子级联激光器(THz QCL) 为发射端、光谱匹配的THz量子阱探测器(THz QWP) 为接收端, 搭建了基于THz波的无线传输演示系统. 测量并分析了该演示系统的传输带宽. 采用搭建的无线传输系统演示了基于4.13 THz电磁波的图片文件的无线传输过程, 得到了与源文件一致的结果, 验证了采用THz QCL和THz QWP进行THz信号无线传输的可行性.最后, 分析了演示系统的传输速率, 给出了提高系统传输速率的方法.     

Determining thickness independently from optical constants by use of ultrafast light

We show that the application of ultrafast techniques, especially terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, allows simultaneous measurements of material thickness and optical constants from transmission measurements, by analyzing not only the phase difference between the main terahertz pulse through the medium but also the subsequent multireflection pulse (an echo) from the medium. Such a method provides a fast and precise characterization of the optical properties and can extract thickness information and hence other optical constants in a broad bandwidth. It may have applications in science and engineering such as in situ film thickness and quality monitoring, optical constants measurement, medical imaging, noninvasive detection, and remote sensing.     

340GHz太赫兹室内信道测量及仿真研究

太赫兹波的衰减性及高可用带宽使其在局域网环境中拥有广阔的应用前景.而太赫兹波的窄波束问题需要借助波束成形技术来解决.作为波束成形技术的关键内容,非直视情况下太赫兹频段的室内信道建模成为了当前亟待开展的工作.本文在340 GHz频段对多种常见室内装饰材料的太赫兹波反射特性和室内多径反射信道特性进行了实验研究,并基于射线追踪法对太赫兹室内信道进行仿真,仿真结果与测量结果符合较好,为进一步太赫兹室内信道建模提供了基础.     

High-speed nanoscale metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with terahertz bandwidth

A model for the maximum bandwidth achievable in metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors is developed and simulated to determine the dimensions required for terahertz bandwidth. The bandwidth is found to exceed 1 THz for devices with line pitch less than 200?nm.     

A Zone Plate as a Tunable Terahertz Filter

A broadband tunable terahertz filter based on a zone plate is demonstrated in our terahertz time domain spec- trometer. The central bandpass frequency covers the whole spectral range of the terahertz wave emitted from a ZnTe emitter, from 0.5 THz to 2.5 THz, and can be tuned continuously by simply moving the zone plate along the terahertz beam path. The peak transmission is about 40% and the bandwidth varies from 0.16 THz to 0.25 THz at different bandpass frequencies when the aperture size is kept constant.     

基于锑化铟亚波长阵列结构的太赫兹聚焦器件

基于锑化铟材料在太赫兹波段的横向磁光效应,提出了一种金属-空气-锑化铟-金属非对称周期性亚波长线栅阵列结构的表面等离子体器件,研究了外加磁场和温度对不同频率透射波聚焦特性的影响.结果表明,在外加磁场强度B=0.6 T、温度T=172 K时,可实现0.8 THz透射光束的聚焦,焦点处能流密度透过率比没有外加磁场时增强28倍.对于不同频率入射波,通过主动调节磁场强度和温度,能实现从0.4—0.8 THz宽频带的聚焦,而且焦点处的透过率相比于无外加磁场时的普通狭缝聚焦透过率增强20倍以上,该器件是太赫兹波段理想的可调谐、宽频段、高透过率的聚焦器件.     

Dynamically phase-matched terahertz generation

We present the generation of intense terahertz pulses by optical rectification of 780 nm pulses in a large area gallium phosphide crystal. The velocity mismatch between optical and terahertz pulses thereby limits the bandwidth of the terahertz pulses. We show that this limitation can be overcome by a dynamic modification of the refractive index of the gallium phosphide crystal through generation of hot phonons. This is confirmed by excellent agreement between experimental results and model calculations.     

Terahertz achromatic quarter-wave plate

Phase retarders usually present a strong frequency dependence. We discuss the design and characterization of a terahertz achromatic quarter-wave plate. This wave plate is made from six birefringent quartz plates precisely designed and stacked together. Phase retardation has been measured over the whole terahertz range by terahertz polarimetry. This achromatic wave plate demonstrates a huge frequency bandwidth (upsilonmax/upsilonmin approximately 7), and therefore can be applied to terahertz time domain spectroscopy and polarimetry.     

太赫兹mesh带通滤波器的设计与仿真

基于太赫兹波的大气吸收窗口,设计了一款四级级联的太赫兹mesh带通滤波器。此滤波器的中心频率为0.25 THz,在3 dB处带宽为0.1 THz,在通带内的插入损耗为1.5 dB,纹波系数小于0.5 dB,在室温下通带内的透过率能达80%以上,且此滤波器的中心工作频率和带宽可以通过缩放mesh槽孔的尺寸来调节。利用电磁仿真软件HFSS,结合周期边界条件及理想匹配层吸收边界条件模拟了太赫兹mesh带通滤波器的mesh排列方式、介质衬底及不同入射角度的入射波、不同极化方式等因素对滤波器透过率、插入损耗的影响。     

太赫兹光谱技术在四氢双环戊二烯检测中的应用

研究了太赫兹光谱技术在鉴别含能材料同分异构体中的应用。首先研制了适于特定工程应用的太赫兹时域光谱仪样机,并经过振动冲击、高低温试验验证了样机的环境适应性,表明该款样机完全可以在非实验室环境下稳定可靠地工作。利用一氧化碳标准气体验证了样机测量光谱的正确性,并同时实现了对样机测量频率的校准;利用校准后的光谱仪测量了四氢双环戊二烯的两种同分异构体endo-THDCPD和exo-THDCPD的太赫兹光谱,测量结果显示两种不同构型材料的太赫兹光谱存在显著差异,endo-THDCPD的太赫兹光谱在0.23 THz和1.70 THz处呈现出明显的特征吸收,exo-THDCPD的2个最明显的特征吸收峰则位于1.41 THz和1.74 THz。该结果表明:运用太赫兹光谱技术可有效区分这两种分子结构仅存在微弱差异的材料,对太赫兹光谱在含能材料研究领域的应用具有参考意义。     

Reflective terahertz imaging of porcine skin burns

A reflective pulsed terahertz imaging system based on direct detection was developed and used to obtain high-resolution images of a porcine skin specimen with superficial partial-thickness (second-degree) burns. Images were also obtained of the sample through ten layers of dry medical (cotton) gauze with minimal image degradation. The burned and unburned regions of skin had large differences in terahertz reflectivity, displaying clear delineation [20 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) difference signal] between both regions in the images. The terahertz images also exhibited a "halo" surrounding the burn areas that may correlate to the extent of burn injury. The system operated at a center frequency of 500 GHz with 125 GHz of 3 dB bandwidth and used whiskbroom scanning to generate images with a spatial resolution of 1.5 mm. Each pixel was acquired with a 16 ms integration time, resulting in a 40 dB postdetection SNR. The simplicity and high SNR of the reflective terahertz system are promising steps toward real-time terahertz medical imaging.     

Dependence of terahertz radiation on gap sizes of biased multi-energy arsenic-ion-implanted and semi-insulating GaAs antennas

We investigate the characteristics of terahertz radiation pulses using biased multi-energy arsenic-ion-implanted and semi-insulating GaAs photoconductive antennas with different gap sizes in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. At a specific fluence excitation, with increasing antenna gap size, the absolute values of the (peak) normalized terahertz waveform minimum (valley), as well as the bandwidth, reveal an increasing trend for multi-energy arsenic-ion-implanted GaAs antennas and a decreasing trend for semi-insulating GaAs antennas. We find that the largest reachable bias fields applied to arsenic-ion-implanted GaAs antennas are higher than those applied to semi-insulating GaAs antennas. On the basis of pump fluence dependences of peak terahertz amplitude, we deduce that multi-energy arsenic-ion-implanted GaAs antennas have the ability to acquire higher THz power at even higher pump fluence in comparison with semi-insulating GaAs antennas.     

Broadband terahertz emission through exciton trapping in a semiconductor quantum well

Exciton trapping in a dc-biased quantum well is shown to result in the emission of broadband terahertz transients. The transients are free from bandwidth limitations, very intense, and quite distinctive.     

地面与卫星太赫兹通信高频大气窗口分析

较大的传输路径损耗限制了太赫兹无线通信在大气中的传输距离,要想实现地面与卫星之间太赫兹波的长程传输,必须先找到低衰减的大气透明窗口。本文结合我国大气分布特点,通过大气辐射传输模型工具am（atmospheric model）对大气吸收衰减建模进行分析,从中选定适合我国地面与卫星太赫兹通信的理想地基站点;利用真实大气数据和分层传输理论,计算了地面与卫星之间太赫兹通信的总路径损耗,结合信号发射功率、天线增益、信噪比、噪声功率值和相应的路径衰减阈值,给出了天线增益分别为0～100 dBi时10～15 THz频段内的总可用带宽和大气窗口;通过将高海拔平台作为地面与卫星之间太赫兹通信的中继链路,给出了1～15 THz频段内的可用大气窗口,为我国地面与卫星通信链路的建立、地基站点和通信频段的选取提供了理论和数值参考。     

Propagation of terahertz waves in a dust acoustic wave

The propagation of terahertz waves in a dust acoustic wave is investigated numerically. By assuming a sinus profile of the dust number density in the dust acoustic waves, the transmission properties are calculated using finite difference time domain method. It shows that the dust acoustic wave can function similarly as a Bragg filter to block the terahertz waves of a certain wavelength. The bandwidth of the filter depends on the density profile of the dust acoustic wave.     

A self-powered and sensitive terahertz photodetection based on PdSe2

With the rapid development of terahertz technology, terahertz detectors are expected to play a key role in diverse areas such as homeland security and imaging, materials diagnostics, biology, medical sciences, and communication. Whereas self-powered, rapid response, and room temperature terahertz photodetectors are confronted with huge challenges. Here, we report a novel rapid response and self-powered terahertz photothermoelectronic (PTE) photodetector based on a low-dimensional material: palladium selenide (PdSe₂). An order of magnitude performance enhancement was observed in photodetection based on PdSe₂/graphene heterojunction that resulted from the integration of graphene and enhanced the Seebeck effect. Under 0.1-THz and 0.3-THz irradiations, the device displays a stable and repeatable photoresponse at room temperature without bias. Furthermore, rapid rise (5.0 μs) and decay (5.4 μs) times are recorded under 0.1-THz irradiation. Our results demonstrate the promising prospect of the detector based on PdSe₂ in terms of air-stable, suitable sensitivity and speed, which may have great application in terahertz detection.     

散射介质中多重散射太赫兹脉冲的时域统计特性

对散射介质中多重散射太赫兹脉冲的时域统计特性进行了分析.给出了时间延迟量取不同值时电场的概率分布、散射场强度及其概率分布、散射场实部和虚部的概率分布.由于脉冲的宽带特性及瞬间特性,多重散射场概率统计分布与不同时间延迟量有关,太赫兹脉冲多重散射场的统计特性分布是非平稳过程.