High-order plasmon resonances in an Ag/Al2O3 core/shell nanorice

Using numerical simulation, we investigate the high-order plasmon resonances in individual nanostructures of an Ag nanorice core surrounded by an Al2O3 shell. The peak positions of localized surface plasmon resonances （LSPRs） are red-shifted exponentially with the increase of the dielectric shell thickness. This is due to the exponential decay of electromagnetic field intensity in the direction perpendicular to the interface. This exponential red-shift depends on the wavelength of the resonance peak instead of the resonance order. In addition, we find that the LSPRs in an Ag nanorice of 60-nm width can be perfectly described by a single linear function. These features make nanorice an ideal platform for sensing applications.     

Calculation of curvature dependent surface plasmon resonance in gold nanospheroid and nanoshell

In this paper, theoretical calculations based on dipole-limit are performed to investigate the effects of curvature on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of nanometer size gold spheroid and shell. By comparing the aspect ratio with the shell thickness, we demonstrated that the curvature radius is a common better factor that can be used to predict the SPR wavelength and shift fashion. For nanospheroid, increasing the ratio of curvature radius corresponding to the climaxes leads to an increase in the ratio of SPR wavelength, whereas increasing the ratio of curvature radius of outer and inner surface in nanoshell leads to an decrease in the ratio of SPR wavelength. As a morphologic factor, curvature radius plays an important role in affecting the distribution of electron density, and consequently controlling the SPR frequency.     

Tunable local surface plasmon resonance in liquid-crystal-coated Ag nanoparticles

The far-field and near-field properties of a spherical nematic liquid crystal (NLC) coated metal nanoparticle (NPs) have been investigated in an external field, basing on the quasistatic theory. The resonant wavelength is tunable by varying metallic material of core, anisotropy extent and thickness of liquid crystals (LCs). The field enhancement is along the incident polarization near the outer surface of the shell. The direction of field is reverse in the inner surface comparing with the one if outer shell. In contrast to isotropy shell, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) shows an obvious red shift and field enhancement near outer surface of the shell always is stronger.     

Optical absorption tunability and local electric field distribution of gold-dielectric-silver three-layered cylindrical nanotube

The effects of inner nanowire radius, shell thickness, the dielectric functions of middle layer and surrounding medium on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold-dielectric-silver nanotube are studied based on the quasi-static approximation. Theoretical calculation results show that LSPR of gold-dielectric-silver nanotube and LSPR numbers can be well optimized by adjusting its geometrical parameters. The longer wavelength of $\left|\omega_{-}^{-}\right\rangle$ mode takes place a distinct red-shift with increasing the inner nanowire radius and the thickness of middle dielectric layer, while a blue-shift with increasing outer nanotube thickness. The physical mechanisms are explained based on the plasmon hybridization theory, induced charges and phase retardation. In addition, the effects of middle dielectric function and surrounding medium on LSPR, and the local electric field factor are also reported. Our study provides the potential applications of gold-dielectric-silver nanotube in biological tissues, sensor and related regions.     

金纳米球壳表面等离激元共振波长调谐特性研究

理论研究了金纳米球壳的几何结构参数, 及物理参量对局 域表面等离激元共振波长调谐特性的影响. 结果表明, 随着壳层厚度的增大, 球壳消光共振峰先蓝移后红移, 高阶峰转向时对应的壳层厚度比低阶峰大, 且该厚度与球壳内径的比值随内径尺寸的增大而减小, 随内核材料或外界环境介电常数的增大而增大, 散射共振峰也有类似的移动规律. 利用电子杂化效应和相位延迟效应对该现象进行了理论解释.     

Formula for the absorption coefficient for multi-wall nanotubes

We present a formalism for calculating the absorption coefficient of a pair of coaxial tubules. A spatially nonlocal, dynamical self-consistent field theory is obtained by calculating the electrostatic potential produced by the charge density fluctuations as well as the external electric field. There are peaks in the absorption spectrum arising from plasma excitations corresponding either to plasmon or particle-hole modes. In this Letter, we numerically calculate the plasmon contribution to the absorption spectrum when an external electric field is applied. The number of peaks depends on the radius of the inner as well as outer tubule. The height of each peak is determined by the plasmon wavelength and energy. For a chosen wave number, the most energetic plasmon has the highest peak corresponding to the largest oscillator strength of the excited modes. Some of the low-frequency plasmon modes have such weak coupling to an external electric field that they are not seen on the same scale as the modes with larger energy of excitation. We plot the peak positions of the plasmon excitations for a pair of coaxial tubules. The coupled modes on the two tubules are split by the Coulomb interaction. The energies of the two highest plasmon branches increase with the radius of the outer tubule. On the contrary, the lowest modes decrease in energy as this radius is increased. No effects due to inter-tubule hopping are included in these calculations.     

Linear and nonlinear properties for a dilute suspension of coated ellipsoids

The effects of geometric structures of coated particles on the dielectric properties of composites are derived. For a dilute suspension of coated ellipsoids with dielectric core and metallic shell embedded in a linear dielectric host, we find that the optical absorption peak of maximum wavelength shifts due to the core-shell structure, and has a significant red shift from that of pure metallic particles, especially for thin metallic coating. Meanwhile, the shape of coated ellipsoid can tune the absorption peak in a wide frequency range by properly choosing the depolarization factor. When the composite is made of linear materials, we obtain the condition of partial resonance for coated ellipsoids, which is relative to the particle shape. Under such a condition, the property of the inner core can be extended to the outer shell. When the inner core is a weakly nonlinear material, the nonlinearity of the composite can be greatly enhanced at the linear partial resonance. To achieve the condition of partial resonance, a metallic shell may be suitable to reach the case if the frequency is far away from the plasmon frequency. It indicates that the nonlinearity can also be enhanced in terms of the geometric structure of materials as well as the properties of themselves.     

Electric-field energy absorption by a bimetallic cylindrical particle

The electric-field energy absorption cross section of a bimetallic cylindrical particle is calculated for an external ac electric field directed along the axis of the particle. The calculations are performed for arbitrary values of the ratio of the particle core radius to the particle radius. The reflection of electrons from the inner and outer surfaces of the metallic shell of the particle is assumed to be diffuse. The limiting cases are considered, and the results obtained are discussed.     

Adjustable plasmon resonance in the coaxial gold nanotubes

We propose the coaxial gold nanotubes for their transmission and plasmon resonances theoretically. We find that the transmission spectra are highly adjustable by tuning the thickness of the nanotubes, the separation and the dielectric constant between the inner and outer nanotubes. The resonance peaks close to the left forbidden band gap edge are strongly correlated with the dielectric constant, the inner and outer tube thickness, and the separation between the two tubes. Based on the localized nature of the electric field distributions, we show that local plasmon resonance modes result from hybridized resonances of multifold multipolar plasmon polaritons in the cross section of the coaxial nanotubes.     

Electronic properties of double-layer carbon nanotubes

The electronic spectra for double-wall zigzag and armchair nanotubes are found. The influence of nanotube curvatures on the electronic spectra is also calculated. Our finding that the outer shell is hole doped by the inner shell is in the difference between Fermi levels of individual shells which originate from the different hybridization of π orbital. The shift and rotation of the inner nanotube with respect to the outer nanotube are investigated. We found stable semimetal characteristics of the armchair DWNTs in regard of the shift and rotation of the inner nanotube. We predict the shift of k_F towards the bigger wave vectors with decreasing of the radius of the armchair nanotube.     

金复合纳米微粒的消光特性

基于Mie光散射理论,研究了金壳介质芯的金复合纳米球壳微粒在光散射与吸收中的消光特性.对微粒增大时的多极子特性以及内半径变动时共振峰的移动作了计算和分析,证实了共振峰位置随内外半径比增大而增大的规律.还对纯金纳米微粒的多极子特性作了计算,并讨论了总消光效率中散射和吸收各自的贡献.     

Absorption Spectra and Refractive Index Changes of an Exciton in a Core/Shell Quantum Dot

The absorption spectra and the refractive index changes are calculated theoretically for an exciton in a core/shell quantum dot. The advantage of our methodology is that one can investigate the influence of the repulsive core by varying two parameters in the confinement potential. The dimensionality effect of exciton quantum dots on the optical absorptions has been studied. It has been found that in the same regime, the optical absorption intensities of excitons are much smaller for the core/shell quantum dots than for the two-dimensional quantum rings. The linear and the nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and refractive index changes have been examined with the change of the confinement potential. The results show that the optical absorptions and the refractive index changes are strongly affected by the repulsive core of core/shell quantum dots. Moreover, the calculated results also reveal that as the inner radius increases, the peak values of the absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes of an exciton will show the optical Aharonov–Bohm oscillation in core/shell quantum dots.     

Highly Enhanced Emission of Visible Light from Core–Dual‐Shell‐Type Hybridized Nanoparticles

Core–dual‐shell‐type hybridized nanoparticles (NPs) having Au‐core/dye‐doped silica inner shell/Au outer shell are successfully fabricated by developing a biphasic process that is a kind of so‐called “one‐pot” method. The resulting hybridized NPs exhibit evidently about 20‐fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity, increase in fluorescence quantum yield, and decrease in fluorescence lifetime. These effects depend on the metal nanostructure being optimized, compared with the reference hybridized NPs with neither a Au‐core nor a Au outer shell, due to the gap‐mode effect induced by localized surface plasmon resonance in the core–dual‐shell‐type MIM‐like nanostructure. More detailed elucidation concerning the enhancement mechanism will provide the possibility of photonic device application, for example as a high‐performance point light source, nanolaser, or sensor for bioimaging in the visible region in the near future.     

银/二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒对碲化镉纳米晶的荧光增强研究

利用新合成的复合纳米结构银/二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒,研究了金属银纳米颗粒对碲化镉纳米晶层荧光的增强情况.结果表明,这种新型复合金属纳米结构能极大地增强发光纳米晶层的荧光强度.银/二氧化钛核壳纳米颗粒是以水合肼、硝酸银和四异丙氧基钛为原材料,利用胶体化学法在水溶液中合成.透射电子显微镜图片表明这种新合成的银/二氧化钛纳米材料基本上呈球形,有较为明显的核壳结构,中间黑色的核是银纳米颗粒,外层颜色较浅部分是二氧化钛壳层.另外,包裹二氧化钛壳层后,银纳米颗粒的表面等离子吸收带从409 nm红移至430 nm,也证实了这种新型核壳纳米材料的形成.将此合成方法得到的银/二氧化钛纳米颗粒和碲化镉纳米晶用旋转涂覆方法进行直接组合后,得到了银纳米颗粒对碲化镉纳米晶荧光的明显增强,并对其增强的物理过程进行了讨论.这种能够增强荧光团发光的新型复合银纳米结构将在发光器件、荧光成像、生物探测等方面具有一定的应用价值.     

Influence of spherical anisotropy on the optical properties of?plasmon resonant metallic nanoparticles

We demonstrate the features of the dipole and quadrupole resonant modes in extinction spectra of spherically anisotropic nanoparticles based on full-wave scattering theory. It is found that in a core–shell nanosphere, the introduction of spherical anisotropy in the core leads to a blue shift in resonant wavelengths for small nanoparticles, while, for large nanoparticles (core radius larger than 90 nm), the dipole resonant wavelength remains unchanged with the variation of spherical anisotropy. In addition, the peak strengths for the dipole and quadrupole modes are also studied. Numerical simulations show that the strong localization of electric fields can be further enhanced and tuned by adjusting the spherical anisotropy in the core. In contrast, the anisotropy introduced in the shell results in a blue shift for small nanoparticles but a red shift for nanoparticles with larger size. The tunability of plasmon resonant shifts in extinction spectra and tailored localization of enhanced fields are revealed.     

Quadratic electro-optic effect and electro-absorption process in CdSe-ZnS-CdSe structure

The third order nonlinearity susceptibility is obtained as a function of wavelength for CdSe-ZnS-CdSe structure. Numerical calculations show that the quadratic electro-optic and electro absorption effects of this structure depend on the parameters such as structure size, relaxation time and pump photon energy. By changing shells thickness, these structures can be designed with the susceptibility peak from the visible to infrared regions of the spectrum. The intensity and position of the third order nonlinearity susceptibility peaks depend on outer shell thickness and radius of the core.     

金银三层纳米管局域表面等离激元共振特性研究

相对于单一金属纳米材料,二金属复合纳米材料具有更大的潜在应用价值.基于时域有限差分方法,研究了SiO₂-Ag-Au和SiO₂-Au-Ag二金属三层纳米管的消光光谱,并对其局域表面等离激元共振(Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance,LSPR)特性进行了分析.研究发现,内核尺寸变大将导致上述两种金属纳米管LSPR峰红移;内层金属及外层金属壳层厚度增大均会导致其LSPR峰蓝移.银壳厚度变化对纳米管LSPR的调制作用大于金壳厚度变化造成的影响.上述现象可以利用等离激元杂化理论及自由电子和振荡电子变化的竞争机制进行分析.     

Optical properties of gold nanorings

The optical response of ring-shaped gold nanoparticles prepared by colloidal lithography is investigated. Compared to solid gold particles of similar size, nanorings exhibit a redshifted localized surface plasmon that can be tuned over an extended wavelength range by varying the ratio of the ring thickness to its radius. The measured wavelength variation is well reproduced by numerical calculations and interpreted as originating from coupling of dipolar modes at the inner and outer surfaces of the nanorings. The electric field associated with these plasmons exhibits uniform enhancement and polarization in the ring cavity, suggesting applications in near-infrared surface-enhanced spectroscopy and sensing.     

Scroll waves in spherical shell geometries

The evolution of scroll waves in excitable media with spherical shell geometries is studied as a function of shell thickness and outer radius. The motion of scroll wave filaments that are the locii of phaseless points in the medium and organize the wave pattern is investigated. When the inner radius is sufficiently large the filaments remain attached to both the inner and outer surfaces. The minimum size of the sphere that supports spiral waves and the maximum number of spiral waves that can be sustained on a sphere of given size are determined for both regular and random initial distributions. When the inner radius is too small to support spiral waves the filaments detach from the inner surface and form a curved filament connecting the two spiral tips in the surface. In certain parameter domains the filament is an arc of a circle that shrinks with constant shape. For parameter values close to the meandering border, the filament grows and collisions with the sphere walls lead to turbulent filament dynamics. (c) 2001 American Institute of Physics.     

超声微泡低频动力学特性及其生物效应

理论上利用有耗散函数的Lagrange方程,建立了有壳微泡的R(t)运动方程,开展了自由空间中有壳微泡动力学特性的研究,表明微泡内外半径增量随声压的增大、超声频率的降低、初始内径的增大及壳厚的减薄而迅速增大。实验上,利用Mie散射技术在80°散射角和前向Mie散射检测新技术实验测量了微泡R(t)曲线;利用体视显微镜,实时观察了超声微泡对动物活体微血管损伤,开展了超声微泡生物效应的动物和细胞试验研究。结果表明:(1)超声作用下,微泡引起肿瘤中微血管壁周期性膨胀收缩而发生管壁破裂,形成血栓和微血管栓塞,抑制了肿瘤生长;(2)超声联合微泡可以破坏微血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和肝癌细胞,可以减少肿瘤血管和癌细胞再生,因此,低频超声联合微泡技术是一种值得探索抑制肿瘤生长的新技术。