血清总磷脂脂肪酸组分的固相萃取-气相色谱法分析

以硅胶基质为固定相,建立了固相萃取-气相色谱(SPE-GC)分离检测血清总磷脂中脂肪酸含量的方法。优化了SPE的洗脱方式及甲醇洗脱量,探讨了衍生化步骤的优化条件。该法对磷脂中各脂肪酸组分测定的线性相关系数约为0.999,回收率在80%左右;日内误差小于4.8%,日间误差小于8.9%。用固相萃取柱分离磷脂简单、快速、有效,用气相色谱检测磷脂中脂肪酸组分方法稳定、可靠。     

肌营养不良症患者红细胞膜磷脂组成的高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱－紫外检测法对肌营养不良症患者红细胞膜上磷脂的组成进行了分析测定,并将定量结果与正常人的正常对比,发现肌营养不良症患者红细胞膜中的卵磷脂、脑磷脂、磷脂酰丝氨酸均在正常值范围内,而神经鞘磷脂明显低于正常人的     

杉木针叶磷脂酰甘油脂肪酸组成分析

用改进的DEAE阴离子交换柱色谱法和硅胶薄层色谱法分离制备杉木针叶磷脂酸甘油，用气相色谱法测定了它的脂肪酸组成。分析结果表明，抗寒性强的杉木品种的针叶磷脂酰甘油脂肪酸的（18:1＋18:2＋18:3）／[16:0＋16:1（3t）]比值比不抗寒品种的高。     

杉木针叶磷脂酰甘油脂肪酸组成分析

 用改进的DEAE阴离子交换柱色谱法和硅胶薄层色谱法分离制备杉木针叶磷脂酸甘油，用气相色谱法测定了它的脂肪酸组成。分析结果表明，抗寒性强的杉木品种的针叶磷脂酰甘油脂肪酸的（18:1＋18:2＋18:3）／[16:0＋16:1（3t）]比值比不抗寒品种的高。     

高效液相色谱法分析大豆中磷脂酰胆碱的分子种

用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）在正相半制备硅胶柱上将大豆磷脂酰胆碱与其它组分分离，从柱后收集磷脂酰胆碱（PC），然后在反相C18柱上分析其分子种组成，蒸发光散射检测器检测。在25min内将大豆磷脂酰胆碱分离成11个分子种组分，使用易挥发溶剂，可获得各种分子种的纯物质，供进一步分析。分子种根据HPLC峰的脂肪酸组成分析而确定。     

色谱法研究胃肠外营养中脂肪酸乳剂对大鼠多不饱和脂肪酸代谢的影响

运用色谱法测定了红细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸的组成。首先用双向薄层色谱分析法分离和提纯膜中的类脂,然后运用毛细管气相色谱法分析其中的组分。类脂中加入Ｇ_（１７：０）作内标,硫酸－甲醇液进行甲酯化处理后,上样测试。在３５０ｍｇ／Ｌ到８００ｍｇ／Ｌ的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于０．９９。方法具有稳定性好、灵敏度高、重复性好、操作相对简便的特点,在研究胃肠外营养中脂肪酸乳剂对大鼠多不饱和脂肪酸代谢的影响中,取得了较好的效果。     

南中国海海藻叶托马尾藻的化学成分研究

采自南中国海的海藻叶托马尾藻用乙醇提取、乙酸乙酯－水分配后,乙酸乙酯相中的提取物经硅胶减压柱色谱分离得到甾醇和脂肪酸两大组分。用ＧＣ／ＭＳ联用技术对它们进行了分离和鉴定。通过硅胶快速柱色谱,从混合甾醇中分离出一个主成分,经波谱分析鉴定为岩藻甾醇。     

海藻糖与脂质膜体系的红外光谱分析

冻干保护剂海藻糖对磷脂脂双层有保护作用，它可以降低磷脂主相变温度，抑制膜脂侧相分离和膜融合。本实验以蛋黄卵磷脂(EPC)为模型，通过相变发生时磷脂吸热量的变化，以及磷脂脂肪酸链CH2基团的对称伸展振动频率的变化，研究海藻糖对蛋黄卵磷脂(EPC)脂质膜相变时影响，并通过FTIR红外光谱分析得到进一步验证。     

稀土离子配合物与磷脂双分子膜的作用研究

利用一维和二维Ｈ核磁共振方法研究了柠檬酸稀土、稀土－ＤＴＰＡ配合物与磷脂双分子膜的作用，结果表明Ｌ在近生理条件下（ＰＨ＝７．４）及 柠檬酸配体的磷脂双分子膜体系中，稀土离子首先与柠檬酸体作用，形成的配合物对磷脂双分子膜的结构影响较小，稀土－ＤＴＰＡ配合物对磷脂双分子膜的结构没有影响这些结果为科学地评价稀土离子进行体内的毒性提供了实验依据。     

肥皂草素和膜脂相互作用的研究

利用外源荧光探针研究了肥皂草素和膜脂相互作用后膜物理状态变化的特征。ＳＯ－６与磷脂双分子层作用后，可以引起双分子层内含物的释放，使磷脂双分子层发生搅动；ＳＯ－６可以降低磷双分子层膜的流动性。根据上结果，提出了肥皂草素与模拟膜作用的初步机制。     

兔骨骼肌肌质网磷脂组分及脂肪酸的分析

分析了兔骨骼肌肌质网磷脂的组成及摩尔分数,并用气相色谱法对两种主要磷脂的脂肪酸组成及摩尔分数进行了测定。     

兔骨骼肌肌质网磷脂组分及脂肪酸的分析

 分析了兔骨骼肌肌质网磷脂的组成及摩尔分数,并用气相色谱法对两种主要磷脂的脂肪酸组成及摩尔分数进行了测定。     

高效液相色谱法和蒸发光散射检测器分析大豆磷脂分子种

高效液相色谱法和蒸发光散射检测器分析大豆磷脂分子种     

超声提取正相高效液相色谱法测定大豆及大豆油中的磷酸甘油酯

建立了超声提取-固相萃取纯化/正相高效液相色谱测定大豆及大豆油中磷脂酰胆碱(PC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰肌醇(PI)的方法。考察了提取溶剂、超声功率、超声时间、提取温度及净化方式的影响,并研究了不同色谱固定相对磷酸甘油酯分离效果的影响。优化的实验条件为:以氯仿-甲醇(2∶1,体积比)为提取溶剂,1 500 W功率超声提取30 min;氨基固相萃取柱为纯化小柱;正己烷-异丙醇-1%HAc(8∶8∶1,体积比)为流动相。在该条件下,PC、PE、PI的线性范围分别为0.08～8.00、0.15～15.00、0.30～20.00 g.L-1,定量下限分别为0.021、0.050、0.060 g.L-1,检出限在8～23 mg.L-1之间,其在大豆和大豆油中的回收率为85%～108%。日内与日间精密度分别不大于4.7%和8.6%。     

Effect of phospholipase A2 on purified gastric vesicles.

The phospholipid and fatty acid composition and role of phospholipids in enzyme and transport function of gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase vesicles was studied using phospholipase A2 (bee venom). The composition (%) was phosphatidyl-choline (PC) 33%; sphingomyelin (sph) 25%; phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 22%; phosphatidylserine (PS) 11%; and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 8%. The fatty acid composition showed a high degree of unsaturation. In both fresh and lyophilized preparations, even with prolonged incubation, only 50% of phospholipids were hydrolyzed, but the amount of PE and PS disappearing was increased following lyophilization. There was a marked decrease in K+-ATPase activity (75%) but essentially no loss of the associated K+ p-nitrophenyl phosphatase was found. ATPase activity could be largely restored by various phospholipids (PE greater than PC greater than PS). There was also an increase in Mg2+-ATPase activity, partially reversed in fresh preparations by the addition of phospholipids (PE greater than PS greater than PC). Proton transport activity of the preparation was rapidly inhibited, initially due to a large increase in the HCl permeability of the preparation. Associated with these enzymatic and functional changes, the ATP-induced conformational changes, as indicated by circular dichroism spectra were inhibited.     

Simultaneous determination of amounts of major phospholipid classes and their fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography.

A method for the simultaneous determination of amounts of major phospholipid classes and their fatty acid composition in erythrocyte membranes is described. The method consists in extraction of phospholipids from erythrocyte membranes, separation of phospholipid classes by high-performance liquid chromatography, methylation of phospholipids and determination of phospholipid-bound fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography. The amounts of phospholipid classes are calculated from the total weight of phospholipid-bound fatty acids and their average molecular weights. The method was applied to erythrocytes from rats. The results show that the method is reproducible and is useful for the determination of amounts of phospholipid classes and their fatty acid composition in small blood samples.     

Analysis by fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry of phosphatidylcholine isolated from heart mitochondrial fractions: Evidence of incorporation of monohydroxylated fatty acyl moieties

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is one of the main phospholipids present in mitochondrial membranes. According to current knowledge, the predominant fatty acyl moieties in this phospholipid are 16, 18, 20, or 22 carbon atoms long with chains that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. We have conducted a detailed analysis of the fatty acid substituents of the phospholipids present in mitochondrial fractions by using fast-atom bombardment tandem PC extracted from mitochondrial fractions of rat heart. The structure of one of these monohydroxylated fatty acids has been elucidated and corresponded to 12-hydroxy 9-octadecenoic acid. Indications that concern the structure of the five other monohydroxylated fatty acids are presented. These monohydroxylated fatty acyl groups are preferentially associated in the PC molecule with C-18 and C-20 fatty acyl moieties. We present arguments to suggest that the formation of these compounds is probably not due to a free-radical initiated mechanism. The potential implication of these monohydroxylated fatty acids in several physiological functions is suggested by the fact that free hydroxylated fatty acids that are identical or closely related to those found in the mitochondrial fractions possess various biological activities.     

Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin modified micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence for separation and detection of phospholipids

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) with laser-induced fluorescence detection was applied to the separation of amino group-containing phospholipids including phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE), and lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS). A fluorogenic dye, 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ), was successfully used to fluorescently label these phospholipids. 4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan only produced fluorescent product from LysoPE and PE; signals were not observed from LysoPS and PS. A borax buffer containing sodium deoxycholate modified with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (methyl-beta-CD) was an excellent MECC system for these phospholipids. Under the optimum conditions, four FQ-labeled phospholipid classes were separated within 8 min. Moreover, each of the PE, PS, LysoPE and LysoPS peaks split into two components corresponding to subclasses with different lengths of the fatty acid chains, but these subclasses were completely resolved only for LysoPE. Detection limits ranged from 0.18 to 1.1 fg (10(-9) - 10(-10) M), which was four- to five-orders of magnitude superior to previously reported CE methods.     

Determination of phospholipid fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of rat caecal mucosa.

The lipid composition of rat caecal mucosa, including the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and triacylglycerols, has been examined by capillary gas chromatography. Thirty-seven peaks were resolved, ranging in chain length from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Preliminary identification of fatty acids by comparison with authentic standards was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using electron-impact ionization. The neutral and polar components were examined. Fatty acid methyl esters were quantified in absolute amounts with respect to the percentage of total phospholipid and triacylglycerols. The results show significantly higher levels of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:1(n-7), 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6) in phospholipids, and higher levels of 16:0, 18:1(n-9) and 18:2(n-6) in triacylglycerols. On the other hand, analysis of caecal triacylglycerols revealed sn-glycerol-palmitate-oleate-palmitate, sn-glycerol-palmitate-linoleate-palmitate and sn-glycerol-palmitate-linoleate-oleate as major components.     

Aalysis of the fatty acid composition of the lipid classes in human blood serum under normal diet and when supplemented with fish oil

Total lipids have been extracted from human serum with chloroform–methanol 2:1 (v/v) and separated into individual classes by TLC. After transesterification the fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography on an FFAP column. The quantitation of ω-3 fatty acids has been performed using internal and external standards. Internal lipid standards for each lipid class were carried throughout the entire analytical procedure. Under normal diet eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are incorporated into the lipid classes to different extents: cholesterol esters; EPA, 6.5 ± 1.9 γ/ml serum; DHA, 4.3 ± 1.9 μg/ml: phospholipids; EPA, 5.9 ± 2.7 μg/ml; DHA, 31.8 ± 8.1 μg/ml. Fish oil supplementation leads to a 4 to 6-fold rise in EPA and to an approximately 2-fold rise in DHA.