脂质体中不同种类羧酸钾对草酸钙晶体生长的调控作用

首次研究了狼磷脂-水脂质体中不同种类羧酯钾对草酸钙晶体生长的调控作用 。加入一元DAc只诱导一水草酸钙（COM）生成。二元K_2tart在其浓度大于1. 0mmol/L时可以诱导三水草酸钙（COT）生成。而加入三元的K_3cit和四元的 K_2edta后， 在不同的浓度下，可以分别诱导COM，二水草酸钙（COD）和COT的生 成。在低浓度（—3.3-17mmol/L）范围，， COD含量达到100%；而在较高浓度(＞ 17mmol/L)时，COD减少，COT含量增加。在不同的浓度区间，无论是COM含量减少， 还是COT含量增加，或者是COD含量的先增加后减少，均与该羧酸钾浓度的对数呈线 性关系。不同羧酯钾抑制COM生长并诱导COD形成的能力顺序为：K_3cit＞K_2edta ＞＞K_2tart-KAC,诱导COT生长的能力顺序为：K_2tart＞＞K_3cit＞K_2edta＞＞ KAc.由此推测抑制草酸钙结石形成的潜在效率依次为：K_3cit＞K_2edta＞＞ K_2tart＞＞KAc.     

Effects of temperature and sodium carboxylate additives on mineralization of calcium oxalate in silica gel systems

Urolithiasis remains a major medical problem in China, especially in Guangdong Province in the southest of China[1]. A survey in Shenzhen city, the most southern city in China, showed the incidence of renal calculus was 4.87%, being 6.12% in the males and 4.07% in the females[2]. The prevalence of renal calculus has been more as the age advances and in the male population and so was in the less-educated population. The recurrence rate is more than 80%, with a moderate improvement by conventi…     

硅凝胶体系中不同结构羧酸钾对草酸钙结晶的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法研究了硅凝胶体系中不同种类羧酸钾对草酸钙(CaC₂O₄)晶体生长的调控作用. 加入一元醋酸钾(KOAc)只生成一水草酸钙(COM)晶体; 三元柠檬酸钾(K₃Cit)和四元乙二胺四乙酸二钾(K₂EDTA)可诱导二水草酸钙(COD)形成, 且随着其浓度增加, 对COD的诱导能力增加, 而二元酒石酸钾(K₂Tart)同时诱导了COM, COD和三水草酸钙(COT)生成. 随着结晶温度降低, 多元酸钾可以进一步减小COM晶体的比表面积, 增加COD的百分含量, 但K₂Tart诱导COT的能力减弱. 由于诱导COD和COT晶体形成、减小COM的比表面积均有利于防止草酸钙尿石的形成, 因此, 多元羧酸钾可用于草酸钙结石的预防和治疗.     

Ferromagnetically coupled dimer of Cu(II)-substituted gamma-decatungstosilicate

A novel copper-substituted polyoxoanion [Cu4(H2O)2(OH)4Si2W16O58]8- (1) has been synthesized as its sodium salt, Na(8)- 1 .26H2O (Na-1), potassium salt, K(8)- 1 .28H2O(K-1), and calcium salt, Ca(4)- 1 .48H2O (Ca-1). Compound 1 is the first dimer of dicopper-substituted gamma-decatungstosilicate fused in an unprecedented side-by-side dimerization mode with a ferromagnetic coupling property.     

酒石酸镁对水合草酸钙晶体生长的调控作用

本文在凝胶模拟体系中研究了Mgtart对草酸钙生长、 聚集和晶型、 晶相等的影响, 以期阐明Mgtart防治泌尿系结石形成的可能机理, 为临床医学提供参考.     

Effect of impurities on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of insulin.

The effect of impurity (sodium sulfate Na2SO4; copper sulfate CuSO4; potassium ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN)6; and triammonium citrate (NH4)3C6H5O7) concentration on the positive matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectra of insulin is described. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid was used as a desorption matrix. The estimated maximum concentrations of tested salts for which no insulin signal was observed were determined.     

H2O+KCl(饱和)+NaCl+NH4Cl的等压研究

Isopiestic measurements have been carried out at 298.15 K for the quaternary aqueous solution H2O+KCl(sat)+NaCl+NH4Cl saturated with potassium chloride and its ternary sub systems H2O+KCl (sat)+NaCl and H2O+KCl(sat)+NH4Cl. Taking sodium chloride (aq) or calcium chloride (aq) as reference solutions, osm otic coefficients and water activities of the aqueous solution were determined. The experiment results show that the isopiestic actions of the quaternary system related to its ternary sub-systems are in excellent agreement with the ideal like solution model.     

不同种类羧酸钠对草酸钙结晶过程中晶相的影响

采用X射线衍射法研究了水溶液中不同种类羧酸钠对尿结石主要成份草酸钙结晶的影响，这些羧酸钠分别为含有一、二、三和四个羧基的羟基乙酸钠（NaGly）、酒石酸钠（Na2Tart）、柠檬酸钠（Na3Cit）和EDTA二钠盐（Na2EDTA）.结果表明，随着羧酸钠浓度的增加，草酸钙的晶相均发生规律性的变化：从最稳定的一水草酸钙（COM），到不稳定的二水草酸钙（COD），最后转化为次稳定的三水草酸钙（COT）.不同结构羧酸钠抑制COM生长、促进COD生成的顺序为:Na3Cit >Na2Tart >Na2EDTA >NaGly.该结果将为临床上选择防结石药物提供新的思路.     

Effect of Concentration of Structurally-Different Carboxylic Acids on Growth and Aggregation of Calcium Oxalate in Gel Systems

The effect of concentration of structurally-different carboxylic acids such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid （H4edta）, citric acid （H3cit）, tartaric acid （H2tart）, and acetic acid （HOAc） on growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate （CaOxa） in gel systems was comparatively investigated. H2tart and H3cit could change the morphology of cal- cium oxalate monohydrate （COM） and induce the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate （COD）. H4edta could induce the formation of COD at a lower concentration of 0.33 mmol/L and have the strongest ability to inhibit aggregation of COM. HOAc inhibited COM aggregation only at a higher concentration than 500 mmol/L. With increasing the number of carboxylic groups in an acid or increasing the concentration of carboxylic acid, the capacity of this acid to induce COD formation and to inhibit growth and aggregation of COM crystals increased. That is, this capacity followed the order： H4edta〉H3cit〉H2tart〉 〉HOAc. The result in this work suggested that the presence of H3cit and H2tart in urine played a role in the natural defense against stone formation.     

凝胶体系中不同结构羧酸盐对草酸钙生物矿化的影响

采用双扩散法研究了凝胶体系中四元羧酸盐(Na2EDTA)、三元羧酸盐柠檬酸钠（Na3cit）、二元羧酸盐酒石酸钠（Na2tart）和一元羧酸盐醋酸钠（NaAc）对草酸钙（CaOx）结晶的影响.抑制一水草酸钙（COM）聚集的能力为:Na2EDTA >Na3cit >Na2tart >NaAc；诱导二水草酸钙（COD）的能力为：Na3cit >Na2tart >Na2EDTA >NaAc.羧酸的抗衡阳离子影响CaOx的结晶. H3cit、Na3cit和K3cit抑制COM聚集和诱导COD形成的能力均为:K3cit-Na3cit >H3cit.无论是诱导COD生成，还是抑制COM聚集，均可以减小结石形成的几率，对临床上防治结石具有积极的意义.     

Dodecahydroxy-closo-dodecaborate(2-).

The cesium salt of the icosahedral borane anion dodecahydroxy-closo-dodecaborate(2-), Cs(2)[closo-B(12)(OH)(12)], Cs(2)1, was prepared by heating cesium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate(2-), Cs(2)[closo-B(12)H(12)], Cs(2)2, with 30% hydrogen peroxide. The other alkali metal salts A(2)1 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb) precipitated upon addition of ACl to warm aqueous solutions of Cs(2)1. The ammonium salt, [NH(4)](2)1, and the (mu-nitrido)bis(triphenylphosphonium) salt, [PPN](2)1, were obtained similarly. The [H(3)O](2)1 salt precipitated upon acidification of aqueous solutions of Cs(2)1 with hydrochloric acid. The solubility of these salts in water was determined by measuring the boron content of saturated aqueous solutions of A(2)1 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), [H(3)O](2)1, and [NH(4)](2)1 using ICP-AES. Although these salts are derived from a dianion with twelve pendant hydroxyl groups, the alkali metal salts surprisingly displayed low water solubilities. Water solubility decreases with a decrease in the radius of A(+), except for the lithium salt, which is slightly more soluble than the potassium salt. The [H(3)O](2)1 and the [NH(4)](2)1 salts provide rare examples of water-insoluble hydronium and ammonium salts. The low water solubility of the A(2)1 salts is attributed to the dianion's pendant hydroxyl groups, which appear to function as cross-linking ligands. Four alkali metal salts, A(2)1 (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs), were characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. These data revealed intricate networks in which several anions are complexed through their hydroxyl groups to each alkali metal cation. In addition, the anions are engaged in hydrogen bonding with each other and, if present, with water of hydration. This cross-linking results in the precipitation of aggregated salts. Cation coordination numbers decrease with cation radius. Thus, cesium and rubidium are ten-coordinate, whereas potassium is seven-coordinate and sodium is six-coordinate. The geometry of anion 1(2)(-) is independent of cation identity; the B-B and B-O bond lengths of the various A(2)1 salts (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs) are identical.     

Structural variability in neptunium(V) oxalate compounds: synthesis and structural characterization of Na2NpO2(C2O4)OH.H2O

Reaction of a (237)Np(V) stock solution in the presence of oxalic acid, calcium chloride, and sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal conditions produces single crystals of a neptunium(V) oxalate, Na(2)NpO(2)(C(2)O(4))OH.H(2)O. The structure consists of one-dimensional chains running down the a axis and is the first example of a neptunium(V) oxalate compound containing hydroxide anions.     

Eta 1 and eta 2 Coordination of 1-amino-closo-dodecaborate

The reaction of the sodium salt of 1-amino-closo-dodecaborate [Na]2[NH2-B12H11] ([Na]2[1]) with [Au(PPh3)Cl] and [Ni(THF)2(Br)2] led to eta 1(N) coordination of 1in [Na][Au(PPh3)(NH2-B12H11)] (2) and [Na]6[Ni(NH2-B12H11)4] (3), respectively. Furthermore, eta 2(N,BH) coordination of was found in [MePPh3][Rh(PPh3)2(NH2-B12H11)] (4), which was synthesized by the reaction of [MePPh3][Na][1] with [Rh(PPh3)3Cl]. All compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy.     

Direct flame-photometric determination of calcium in soil and plant extracts,water and serum with special reference to sodium,potassium and phosphate interference

An investigation of the possibilities for the direct determination of calcium with a single-cell filter flame photometer, without preliminary separation as oxalate, led to the following conclusions:Calibration curves for 100 p.p.m. of calcium are rectilinear.Sodium causes an appreciable positive error.The error due to potassium interference is relatively much smaller than that due to sodium. Up to a certain concentration it is positive and increases with the concentration, then the emission seems to be gradually depressed and the error finally becomes negative.Phosphates cause a very significant negative error, which tends to be asymptotic. The “radiation buffer” method of correction is not practical here because the max. error is too high (—92.5%).Except for extreme cases, calcium can be determined by direct spraying, without preliminary separation as oxalate: (a) in drinking and irrigation water, correction being necessary only for sodium interference, (b) in soil extracts, correcting only for phosphate effects, (c) in normal blood sera, without clinically significant corrections at 1+3 dilution.Owing to the large variations in the contents of Na, K and PO₄^-3 in plants, calcium cannot be determined in plant-ash extracts without preliminary separation as oxalate. This applies also to abnormal sera, although there the variations in Na and PO₄^-3 content are not so large.     

How charging corannulene with one and two electrons affects its geometry and aggregation with sodium and potassium cations

Bowl-shaped mono- and dianions are prepared by reduction of corannulene (C(20)H(10), 1) with sodium and potassium metals in the presence of [18]crown-6 ether. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of two sodium salts, [Na(THF)(2)([18]crown-6)](+)[1(-)] (2a) and [Na([18]crown-6)](+)[1(-)] (2b), reveal the presence of naked corannulene monoanions 1(-) in both cases. In contrast, the potassium adduct, [K([18]crown-6)](+)[1(-)] (3), shows an η(2)-binding of the K(+) ion to the convex face of 1(-). For the first time, corannulene dianions have been isolated as salts with sodium, [Na(2)([18]crown-6)](2+)[1(2-)] (4a) and [Na(THF)(2)([18]crown-6)](+)[Na([18]crown-6)](+)[1(2-)] (4b), and potassium counterions, [K([18]crown-6)](2)(+)[1(2-)] (5). Their structural characterization reveals geometry perturbations upon addition of two electrons to a bowl-shaped polyarene. It also demonstrates η(5)- or η(6)-binding of metals to the curved carbon surface of 1(2-), depending on the crystallization conditions. Both mono- and doubly-charged corannulene bowls show the preferential exo binding of Na(+) and K(+) ions in all investigated compounds. Various types of C-H···π interactions are found in the crystals of 2-5. The UV/Vis, ESR, and (1)H NMR spectroscopic studies of 2-5 indicate different coordination environment of corannulene anions in solution, depending on the metal ion.     

A New Coordinated Transition-metal Linked Network Compound Constructed by Octamolybdate Chain

1 INTRODUCTION The polyoxometalates have aroused extensive in-terest due to their alluring topologies and potentialapplications in various fields (e.g. catalysis, biology,medicine and materials science)[1]. A variety of po-lyoxometalate anions and related fragments withoxygen-rich compositions can serve as inorganic li-gands to coordinate secondary transition metal ions(so-called heterometals, such as Cu2 , Ni2 , Co2 andMn2 )[2]. Thus, larger discrete species and infinitelyextending ar…     

Na+, K+, Mg2+∥Cl-, SO2-4-H2O五元体系35 ℃介稳相图研究

研究得出（Na+, K+, Mg2+∥Cl-, SO2-4-H2O）五元体系35 ℃时的介稳溶解度数据,绘制了该体系35 ℃的介稳相图,共有9个为氯化钠所饱和的结晶区域：氯化钾、钾芒硝（3K2SO4*Na2SO4）、钾镁矾（K2SO4*MgSO4*4H2O）、钾盐镁矾（KCl*MgSO4*2.75H2O）、光卤石（KCl*MgCl2*6H2O）、白钠镁矾（Na2SO4*MgSO4*4H2O）、硫酸钠、六水硫酸镁（MgSO4*6H2O）和水氯镁石（MgCl2*6H2O）. 所得35 ℃介稳相图与Vant Hoff 25 ℃稳定相图比较有较大区别：软钾镁矾（K2SO4*MgSO4*6H2O）、七水硫酸镁、五水硫酸镁及四水硫酸镁结晶区域消失,钾镁矾和钾盐镁矾结晶区域显著扩大. 所得35 ℃介稳相图与25 ℃介稳相图区别很大：软钾镁矾和七水硫酸镁结晶区域消失,同时出现了钾镁矾和钾盐镁矾的结晶区域. 在该五元体系35 ℃介稳相平衡研究中发现析出的是钾盐镁矾的低水化合物（KCl*MgSO4*2.75H2O）.     

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱和3,3’-二硝基-4,4’-偶氮呋咱的合成研究

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱(ANF)及其衍生物是一类重要的含能材料. ANF的制备首先以乙二醛、盐酸羟胺和氢氧化钠为原料, 经过两步反应制得3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF), 采用新的氧化体系过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物(H2O2/CH3SO3H/ Na2WO4)代替原氧化体系过氧化氢/硫酸/过硫酸铵混合物[H2O2/H2SO4/(NH4)2S2O8]氧化DAF以67%的产率获得了ANF. 然后在单电子氧化体系高锰酸钾/盐酸混合物作用下ANF发生氧化反应以54.7%的产率得到3,3’-二硝基- 4,4’-偶氮呋咱(DNAzF). 研究表明过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物是制备氨基硝基单/多呋咱非常有效的氧化体系.     

Ammonium and potassium fluoromonooxalatomanganates(II), A[MnF(C2O4)] (A = NH4 or K) and sodium fluoromonooxalatomanganate(II) dihydrate,Na[MnF(C2O4)] · 2H2O

Summary Light pink-white microcrystalline ammonium and potassium fluoromonooxalatomanganates(II), A[MnF(C₂O₄)] (A = NH₄ or K), and sodium fluoromonooxalatomanganate(II) dihydrate, Na[MnF(C₂O₄)] · 2H₂O, have been synthesized by two different methods. Either KMnO₄ is reduced in the presence of 40% HF and alkali metal oxalate, A₂C₂O₄ (A = NH₄, Na or K), or MnO(OH) in 40% HF reacts with A₂C₂O₄. Characterisation was made by elemental analyses, determination of oxidation states, magnetic susceptibility measurements and infrared spectral studies.     

The Diammoniates of dipotassiumtetraethinylozincate and -cadmate: K2M(C2H)4.2NH3 (M = Zn, Cd)

By reaction of KC(2)H and K(2)Zn(CN)(4) in liquid ammonia, the diammoniate K(2)Zn(C(2)H)(4).2NH(3) was obtained. K(2)Cd(C(2)H)(4).2NH(3) was synthesized by reacting KC(2)H, Cd(NH(2))(2), and acetylene in liquid ammonia. The crystal structures of the air and temperature sensitive compounds were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction at low temperatures (T = 170 K). Both compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group I2/a (No. 15) with Z = 4. K(2)Zn(C(2)H)(4).2NH(3): a = 7.289(1) A, b = 12.765(2) A, c = 14.066(2) A, beta = 98.11(2) degrees. K(2)Cd(C(2)H)(4).2NH(3): a = 7.444(1) A, b = 12.619(3) A, c = 14.304(2) A, beta = 98.94(1) degrees. Characteristic structural motifs are tetrahedral [M(C(2)H)(4)](2-) fragments (M = Zn, Cd) and zigzag chains of edge sharing distorted (C(2)H)(6) octahedra centered by potassium ions. These zigzag chains are connected by a second type of crystallographically distinct potassium ions that also bind to two ammonia molecules.