Gaussian maps and tensor products of irreducible representations

Let G be a simply-connected complex simple Lie group, P a parabolic subgroup, L an ample line bundle on G/P. Then Γ(L) is an irreducible G-module, and every such arises in this way. In this paper, we initiate the study the G-filtration of the tensor product Γ(L)⊗Γ(M) by order of vanishing along the diagonal of G/P×G/P. Each subquotient of the filtration is contained in some Γ(L⊗M⊗SⁱΩ _G/P ¹ , so these (reducible) G-modules are examined. The first non-trivial piece of the filtration is given by a Gaussian map of [W3]; we conjecture the surjectivity in case L, M are ample, and prove this in a number of cases. One is led immediately to the study of a natural P-filtration of Γ(L) by order of vanishing of hyperplanes at a fixed point of G/P; tensoring this filtration with Γ(M) and inducing up to G gives the diagonal filtration, from which many familiar results are deduced.     

The commuting graphs of some subsets in the quaternion algebra over the ring of integers modulo <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>

Let R be an arbitrary ring, S be a subset of R, and Z(S) = {s ∈ S | sx = xs for every x ∈ S}. The commuting graph of S, denoted by Γ(S), is the graph with vertex set S \ Z(S) such that two different vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if xy = yx. In this paper, let I _n , N _n be the sets of all idempotents, nilpotent elements in the quaternion algebra ℤ _n [i, j, k], respectively. We completely determine Γ(I _n ) and Γ(N _n ). Moreover, it is proved that for n ≥ 2, Γ(I _n ) is connected if and only if n has at least two odd prime factors, while Γ(N _n ) is connected if and only if n ∈ 2, 2², p, 2p for all odd primes p.     

On projectively normal embeddings of generalk-gonal curves

Fix integersg, k andt witht>0,k≥3 andtk<g/2−1. LetX be a generalk-gonal curve of genusg andR∈Pic ^k (X) the uniqueg _k ¹ onX. SetL:=K _X⊗(R ^*)^⊗t.L is very ample. Leth _L:X→P(H ⁰(X, L)^*) be the associated embedding. Here we prove thath _L(X) is projectively normal. Ifk≥4 andtk<g/2−2 the curveh _L(X) is scheme-theoretically cut out by quadrics. The author was partially supported by MURST and GNSAGA of CNR (Italy).     

On kth-order embeddings of K3 surfaces and Enriques surfaces

We give necessary and sufficient conditions for a big and nef line bundle L of any degree on a K3 surface or on an Enriques surface S to be k-very ample and k-spanned. Furthermore, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a spanned and big line bundle on a K3 surface S to be birationally k-very ample and birationally k-spanned (our definition), and relate these concepts to the Clifford index and gonality of smooth curves in |L| and the existence of a particular type of rank 2 bundles on S. Received: 28 March 2000 / Revised version: 20 October 2000     

Leray’s inequality in general multi-connected domains in {\mathbb{R}^n}

Consider the stationary Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded domain whose boundary consists of L + 1 smooth (n − 1)-dimensional closed hypersurfaces Γ₀, Γ₁, . . . , Γ _L , where Γ₁, . . . , Γ _L lie inside of Γ₀ and outside of one another. The Leray inequality of the given boundary data β on plays an important role for the existence of solutions. It is known that if the flux on Γ _i (ν: the unit outer normal to Γ _i ) is zero for each i = 0, 1, . . . , L, then the Leray inequality holds. We prove that if there exists a sphere S in Ω separating in such a way that Γ₁, . . . , Γ _k (1 ≦ k ≦ L) are contained inside of S and that the others Γ _k+1, . . . , Γ _L are outside of S, then the Leray inequality necessarily implies that γ ₁ + · · · +  γ _k =  0. In particular, suppose that there are L spheres S ₁, . . . , S _L in Ω lying outside of one another such that Γ _i lies inside of S _i for all i = 1, . . . , L. Then the Leray inequality holds if and only if γ ₀ = γ ₁ = · · · = γ _L = 0.     

On the Lüroth semigroup of curves lying on a smooth quadric

For a smooth irreducible complete algebraic curveC the “gaps” are the integersn such that every linear series of degreen has at least a base point. The Lüroth semigroup S_C of a curveC is the subsemigroup ofN whose elements are not gaps. In this paper we deal with irreducible smooth curves of type (a, b) on a smooth quadricQ. The main result is an algorithm by which we can say if some integer λ∈N is a gap or is in S_C. In the general case there are integers λ which are undecidable. For curves such as complete intersection, arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay or Buchsbaum, we are able to describe explicitly “intervals” of gaps and “intervals” of integers which belong to S_C. For particular cases we can completely determine S_C, by giving just the type of the curve (in particular the degree and the genus). Work done with financial support of M.U.R.S.T. while the authors were members of G.N.S.A.G.A. of C.N.R.     

Group measure space decomposition of II1 factors and W*-superrigidity

We prove a “unique crossed product decomposition” result for group measure space II₁ factors L ^∞(X)⋊Γ arising from arbitrary free ergodic probability measure preserving (p.m.p.) actions of groups Γ in a fairly large family G\mathcal{G}, which contains all free products of a Kazhdan group and a non-trivial group, as well as certain amalgamated free products over an amenable subgroup. We deduce that if T _n denotes the group of upper triangular matrices in PSL (n,ℤ), then any free, mixing p.m.p. action of G = \operatornamePSL(n,\mathbbZ)*_Tn\operatornamePSL(n,\mathbbZ)\Gamma=\operatorname{PSL}(n,\mathbb{Z})*_{T_{n}}\operatorname{PSL}(n,\mathbb{Z}) is W^∗-superrigid, i.e. any isomorphism between L ^∞(X)⋊Γ and an arbitrary group measure space factor L ^∞(Y)⋊Λ, comes from a conjugacy of the actions. We also prove that for many groups Γ in the family G\mathcal{G}, the Bernoulli actions of Γ are W^∗-superrigid.     

Generic Immersions of the Two-Sphere to R<Superscript>3</Superscript> and Their Skeletons

Let f:S ² ↬ R ³ be a generic smooth immersion. The skeleton of f is the following triple (Γ, D, p): Γ ⊂ R ³ is the 1-polyhedron of singular points of f, D = f⁻¹(Γ) ⊂ S ² is also a 1-polyhedron, and p : D → Γ, x ↦ f(x), is the projection. For triples of the form (D,Γ,p), where Γ has at most four vertices, we give an iff-condition under which the triple is the skeleton of a smooth immersion f : S ² ↬ R ³. Bibliography: 4 titles. __________ Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 299, 2003, pp. 300–313.     

Higher Embeddings of General Blowups of Ruled Surfaces

 In this note we give a criterion for a line bundle on a general blowup of a ruled surface to be k-very ample. (Received 29 November 2000; in revised form 2 April 2001)     

Complex surfaces polarized by an ample and spanned line bundle of genus three

Let X be a complex connected projective nonsingular algebraic surface endowed with an ample line bundle L, which is spanned by its global sections. Pairs (X, L) as above, with sectional genus g(X, L)=1+(L·(K _X L))/2=3 are classified by means of the main techniques of adjunction theory.     

Torsion in Boundary Coinvariants and K -Theory for Affine Buildings

Let (G, I, N, S) be an affine topological Tits system, and let Γ be a torsion-free cocompact lattice in G. This article studies the coinvariants H ₀(Γ; C(Ω,Z)), where Ω is the Furstenberg boundary of G. It is shown that the class [1] of the identity function in H ₀(Γ; C(Ω, Z)) has finite order, with explicit bounds for the order. A similar statement applies to the K ₀ group of the boundary crossed product C ^*-algebra C(Ω)Γ. If the Tits system has type ? ₂, exact computations are given, both for the crossed product algebra and for the reduced group C ^*-algebra.     

On graded quotient modules of mapping class groups of surfaces

Let Γ _{g, n} be the mapping class group of a compact Riemann surface of genusg withn points preserved (2−2g−n<0,g≥1,n≥0). The Torelli subgroup of Γ _{g, n} has a natural weight filtration {Γ_{g, n}(m)} _m≥1. Each graded quotient gr ^m Γ _{g, n} ⊗ ℚ (m≥1) is a finite dimensional vector space over ℚ on which the group Sp(2g, ℚ)×S _n naturally acts. In this paper, we have determined the Sp(2g, ℚ)×S _n module structure of gr ^m Γ _{g, n} ⊗ ℚ for 1≤m≤3. This includes a verification of an expectation by S. Morita. Also, for generalm, we have identified a certain Sp(2g, ℚ)-irreducible component of gr ^m Γ _{g, n} ⊗ ℚ by constructing explicitly elements in these modules.     

Homotopy Types of Stabilizers and Orbits of Morse Functions on Surfaces

Let M be a smooth compact surface, orientable or not, with boundary or without it, P either the real line ℝ ¹ or the circle S ¹, and D(M) the group of diffeomorphisms of M acting on C^∞(M, P) by the rule h⋅ f = f ∘ h ⁻¹ for h ∊ D(M) and f ∊ C^∞ (M,P). Let f: M → P be an arbitrary Morse mapping, Σ _f the set of critical points of f, D(M,Σ _f ) the subgroup of D(M) preserving Σ _f , and S(f), S (f,Σ _f ), O(f), and O(f,Σ _f ) the stabilizers and the orbits of f with respect to D(M) and D(M,Σ _f ). In fact S(f) = S(f,Σ _f ).In this paper we calculate the homotopy types of S(f), O(f) and O(f,Σ _f ). It is proved that except for few cases the connected components of S(f) and O(f,Σ _f ) are contractible, π _k O(f) = π _k M for k ≥ 3, π₂ O(f) = 0, and π₁ O(f) is an extension of π₁ D(M) ⊕ Z ^k (for some k ≥ 0) with a (finite) subgroup of the group of automorphisms of the Kronrod-Reeb graph of f.We also generalize the methods of F. Sergeraert to give conditions for a finite codimension orbit of a tame smooth action of a tame Lie group on a tame Fréchet manifold to be a tame Fréchet manifold itself. In particular, we obtain that O(f) and O(f, Σ _f ) are tame Fréchet manifolds. Communicated by Peter Michor Vienna Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000): 37C05, 57S05, 57R45.     

The real spectrum of an ideal and KO-theory exact sequences

A construction in abstract real algebra is used to define invariants S _n(A) of commutative rings, with or without identity. If A=C(X) is the ring of continuous real functions on a compact space, then S _n(A) = k0^–n(X), and, for any A, S _n(A) Z[1/2]-W _n(A) Z[1/2], where the W _n(A) are the Witt groups of A. In addition, a short exact sequence of rings yields a long exact sequence of the groups S _n. The functors S _n(A) thus provide a solution of a problem proposed by Karoubi. This paper primarily deals with the exact sequences involving a ring A and an ideal I A. Work supported in part by NSF Grant DMS85-06816.     

Smooth 4-folds which contain a P1-bundle¶as an ample divisor

We show that if a smooth projective 4-fold M contains an ample divisor A which is P ¹-bundle π :A→S over a smooth projective surface S, π is extended to a P ²-bundle π :S→S, unless $A$ is isomorphic to P ²×P ¹. Received: 28 September 1998 / Revised version: 16 August 1999     

Adjoints of semigroups acting on vector-valued function spaces

LetT(t) be the translation group onY=C ₀(ℝ×K)=C ₀(ℝ)⊗C(K),K compact Hausdorff, defined byT(t)f(x, y)=f(x+t, y). In this paper we give several representations of the sun-dialY ^⊙ corresponding to this group. Motivated by the solution of this problem, viz.Y ^⊙=L ¹(ℝ)⊗M(K), we develop a duality theorem for semigroups of the formT ₀(t)⊗id on tensor productsZ⊗X of Banach spaces, whereT ₀(t) is a semigroup onZ. Under appropriate compactness assumptions, depending on the kind of tensor product taken, we show that the sun-dial ofZ⊗X is given byZ ^⊙⊗X*. These results are applied to determine the sun-dials for semigroups induced on spaces of vector-valued functions, e.g.C ₀(Ω;X) andL ^p (μ;X). This paper was written during a half-year stay at the Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science CWI in Amsterdam. I am grateful to the CWI and the Dutch National Science Foundation NWO for financial support.     

On the adjunction process over a surface in char.p

Let K_s be the canonical bundle on a non singular projective surface S (over an algebraically closed field F, char F=p) and L be a very ample line bundle on S. Suppose (S,L) is not one of the following pairs: (P²,O(e)), e=1,2, a quadric, a scroll, a Del Pezzo surface, a conic bundle. Then

1. (K_s?L)² is spanned at each point by global sections. Let \(\phi :S \to P^N _F \) be the map given by the sections Γ(K_s?L)², and let φ=s o r its Stein factorization.
2. r:S→S′=r(S) is the contraction of a finite number of lines, E_i for i=1,...r, such that E_i·E_i=K_S·E_i=?L·E_i=?1.
3. If h°(L)≥6 and L·L≥9, then s is an embedding.

     

Strongly solid group factors which are not interpolated free group factors

We give examples of non-amenable infinite conjugacy classes groups Γ with the Haagerup property, weakly amenable with constant Λ_cb(Γ) = 1, for which we show that the associated II₁ factors L(Γ) are strongly solid, i.e. the normalizer of any diffuse amenable subalgebra P ì L(G){P \subset L(\Gamma)} generates an amenable von Neumann algebra. Nevertheless, for these examples of groups Γ, L(Γ) is not isomorphic to any interpolated free group factor L(F _t ), for 1 < t ≤  ∞.     

A note on Property Np

Let M be a very ample line bundle on a smooth complex projective variety Y and let ϕ _M :Y→P(H ⁰(Y, M)^*) be the map associated to M; we are concerned with the problem to see whether the syzygies of ϕ _M (Y) give information on the syzygies of ϕ _M ^s (Y). In particular we prove that if Y is a smooth complex projective variety and M is a line bundle on Y satisfying Property N _p , then M ^s satisfies Property N _p if s≥p. Received: 11 June 1999 / Revised version: 22 November 1999     

Ample vector bundles with zero loci having a bielliptic curve section of low degree

Let be an ample vector bundle of rank r ≥ 2 on a smooth complex projective variety X of dimension n such that there exists a global section of whose zero locus Z is a smooth subvariety of dimension n − r ≥ 3 of X. Let H be an ample line bundle on X such that its restriction H _Z to Z is very ample. Triplets are classified under the assumption that (Z,H _Z ) has a smooth bielliptic curve section of genus ≥ 3 with .