铅硼聚乙烯屏蔽材料中总硼的测定

试样用稀硝酸溶解以除去大部分铅,经过滤后不溶物用碳酸钠加硝酸钠进行融熔。熔块用稀硝酸浸取,分取部分此母液,在pH 3.0的条件下通过离子交换柱分离除去残留在溶液中的铅,以pH 3.0的硝酸溶液淋洗分离柱,在淋出液中用常规的碱滴定法测定其总硼量。测定结果与蒸馏法的结果一致,方法的回收率为94%~106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)值为0.77%。     

碘量法与电重法测定氧化铜矿中酸溶铜的方法比较

试料用含亚硫酸钠的硫酸(10%)溶液浸取,使铜的氧化物矿物选择溶解,过滤后加入溴饱和盐酸掩蔽砷和锑等金属,补加少量硫酸,蒸干后用硫酸溶解,用硫代硫酸钠标准溶液滴定测定氧化铜矿中酸溶铜的含量,此方法快速、稳定、准确。选取14个日常分析的样品进行测定,其结果与电解重量法比对,结果令人满意。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中钴

土壤样品经硝酸、盐酸和氢氟酸(5+3+2)混合溶液微波消解后,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其钴含量.对消解体系、消解时间和消解温度的选择等进行了试验并予以优化.方法用于测定土壤样品中钴含量,加标回收率在96%～106%之间.与电热板消解法相比,经t检验,在置信水平α=0.05时,测定环境土壤标准样品,两方法无显著性差异.     

铜离子选择性电极测定矿石和土壤中的铜

目前,已试制出各种类型的铜离子选择电极。本文报告用CuTe-Ag_2S制备的铜离子选择性电极测定铜的方法。研究了电极的使用条件和干扰的消除,用于一些矿石和土壤中铜的测定,结果和铜试剂比色法一致。实验部份铜离子选择性电极系本校化工厂试制,将其插入样品溶液,用双液接盐桥与饱和甘汞电极连接,组成测量电池。以pHS-2型酸度计和UJ-25型高电势直流电位差计联用测定该电池的电动势。为了保     

系统聚类法及其在铅形态分析中的应用

针对常规化学形态分析方法对浸取剂高选择性要求及严重串相问题等缺点,在浸取常数稳定的前提下,以常规化学形态分析方法为基础,确定了建立标准样本的方法,将系统聚类法用于模拟地质样品中各形态铅的同时测定。克服了串相问题及降低了对浸取剂高选择性的要求,用此法对模拟样品进行了分析,相对误差小于±11%,结果优于常规化学形态分析方法。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法测定菜园土壤中微量镉

用电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法,测定了菜园土壤中微量镉的含量。土壤样品中加入一定量的112Cd富集同位素试剂后,用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸混合酸预消解后再经微波消解,冷却后样品溶液在130℃蒸发近干,然后加入硼酸1 mL,以硝酸(2+98)溶液定容至20 mL,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定溶液中的同位素比值R(112Cd/111Cd),用同位素稀释法计算出样品中镉的含量。试验对仪器参数1、12Cd富集同位素试剂的加入量、质量歧视因素、仪器死时间及同量异位素和多原子离子峰的干扰等因素对测定产生的影响进行了试验和校正。在优化的条件下测定了土壤标准物质(GBW 07423)中镉的含量,测定值与标准值相符。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中金属元素

土壤样品用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸(5+5+3)混合酸消解后,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定了试样溶液中铁、锰、铜、锌、铅、镉和镍的含量。因消解过程中加入了氢氟酸,大部分硅生成四氟化硅气体除去,可在此溶液中直接测定其中铁、锰、铜、锌及镍的量。考虑到SiO_3~(2-)、Ti(Ⅳ)及Al~(3+)对锰测定有负干扰,加入一定量的氯化钙溶液作为释放剂消除其干扰。如试样含铁量较高,须加入硝酸镧溶液作释放剂以克服其对锌测定的干扰。测定铅及镉时须加入碘化钾溶液使之生成碘化物络阴离子后,用4-甲基-2-戊酮作溶剂进行萃取分离,随后在有机相中测定铅与镉的含量。用7种元素的标准溶液制作了各自的标准曲线,所得线性回归方程的相关系数在0.999 2～0.9996之间。以土壤样品为基体,加入一定量7种元素的标准溶液做回收试验,得到回收率在96.8%～99.9%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.9%～2.0%之间。     

振荡抽滤-pH计指示电位滴定法快速测定土壤样品中阳离子交换总量

为了提高土壤中阳离子交换量(CEC)分析效率及分析准确度,采用乙酸铵或氯化铵-乙酸铵溶液对土壤样品进行处理,并采用振荡交换、抽滤分离的方式进行离子交换、铵离子清洗。土壤饱和吸附的铵离子用甲醛-CaCl2溶液交换后,采用氢氧化钠溶液滴定,并用pH计准确指示滴定终点,由此测定CEC含量。选用5个国家一级有效态标准物质进行验证,测定值与推荐值相符,相对标准偏差均小于7%,提高了CEC的分析效率与准确度,更加适用于大批量样品的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法测定钨矿石中的钨华

建立电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法测定钨矿石中钨华的含量。用氨水溶液对矿石样品进行浸取分离,将浸取液稀释10倍体积后测定,以3%盐酸溶液作为测定介质。WO3的质量浓度在0~100 ng/m L范围内与信号强度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 9,方法检出限为0.5 ng/m L。用该方法对5个钨矿石样品和2个标准物质样品中的钨华进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.15%~9.46%(n=12),且与经典方法极谱法测定结果的相对偏差小于10%。该方法快速、简便,精确度较高,可用于钨矿石中钨华的测定。     

原子荧光光谱法测定土壤样品中痕量锌

土壤样品经硝酸-盐酸(3+1)溶液、氢氟酸和高氯酸消化处理后,在酸性条件下,以硼氢化钾为还原剂,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定样品溶液中痕量锌的含量。锌的质量浓度在250μg.L-1以内与荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)为0.55μg.L-1。方法用于土壤样品分析,锌的测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在3.4%～6.3%之间,加标回收率在87.5%～102%之间。     

XRF 熔融制样法测定铜精矿中的Cu、Fe、S、Pb、Zn、As、Bi、Mo

提出了以熔融制样法,用ＰＷ１４０４Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪测定铜精矿中Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｂｉ、Ｍｏ,探讨了铜精矿的预氧化条件,熔融条件和玻璃化试剂地制样的影响。     

Retention of radionuclides on metal sulphide precipitates

The retention of various radionuclides on metal sulphide precipitates has been studied. The sulphide precipitates quantitatively retained the common radionuclides. The condition for 100% retention in a thin layer is small particle size (a few μm) in the precipitate. This can be ensured by pulverization of the dried precipitate of metal sulphide. ²⁰³Hg²⁺ is retained by mercury sulphide and ⁶⁵Zn²⁺ by zinc sulphide by isotopic exchange. The retention of foreign radioactive ions can be reduced or even eliminated by counter-carrier technique in cases where the retention is not due to chemical reaction, precipitate exchange. The isotopic exchange with mercury(II) sulphide and zinc sulphide enables mercury and zinc ions to be separated rapidly and determined in the presence of a number of interfering ions.     

痕量汞、氰化物及硫化物的冷原子荧光测定

本文介绍用冷原子荧光法测定汞、间接测定氰化物及硫化物的条件,干扰情况及干扰的消除。样品取自太湖底泥,结果表明,汞的标准偏差为0.0033,变异系数为9.4%,平均回收率为102%,可检出0.2ppb的汞量;氰化物的标准偏差为0.40,变异系数为8.3%,平均回收率为87%,可检出0.25ppb的CN~-;硫化物的标准偏差为3.0,变异系数为6.5%,可检出2ppb的S~-。     

Liquid-liquid extraction of mercury(II) with triphenylphosphine sulphide: Application to medicinal and environmental samples

A method is proposed for the separation and determination of mercury(II) in environmental samples after its extraction from salicylate solution using triphenylphosphine sulphide (TPPS) as an extractant. The extraction conditions are optimized and reported. The nature of the extracted species is ascertained by a plot of log of distribution ratio versus log of concentration of salicylate and TPPS.     

Thermolysis of sulphides precipitated by sodium sulphide : Sulphides of arsenic,mercury, rhenium,antimony and molybdenum

Thermolysis of the sulphides precipitated by sodium sulphide for direct determination in gravimetric analysis has been studied. It has been shown that the methods used for diying and weighing the precipitated sulphides of arsenic, mercury, rhenium, antimony and molybdenum are reliable.     

Adsorption Studies of Cr(III) & Cr(VI) on Lead Sulphide,Copper Sulphide & Zinc Sulphide-Determination Cr(III) in the Presence of Cr(VI)

Abstract

The adsorption studies of Cr(VI) in presence of Cr(III) on the sulphide of Lead, Zinc and Copper has been studied. It has been found that in case of lead sulphide 100% adsorption of Cr(VI) took place at pH 4.0 and of Cr(III) at pH 7.0. While in case of zinc sulphide the 100% adsorption of Cr(VI) took place at pH 4.5 and of Cr(III) at pH 6.5. In case of copper sulphide 100% adsorption of Cr(VI) took place at pH 5.0 and of Cr(III) at pH 7.0. This difference in adsorption at different pH values forms the basis for the determination of these ions. The method is accurate.     

Thiomercurimetric determination of sulphur, aliphatic and aromatic thiols and disulphides in hydrocarbon solvents, using reduction with sodium aluminium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)dihydride

A method is proposed for determination of hydrogen sulphide and aliphatic and aromatic thiols in hydrocarbon solvents by extraction with 2M potassium hydroxide and titration with o-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid in the presence of dithiofluorescein and dithizone, with selective masking with acrylonitrile. Sulphur and organic disulphides are readily converted by sodium aluminium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)dihydride in benzene solution into hydrogen sulphide and thiols, which can either be directly titrated after dilution with alcohol or separated by extraction and determined in the presence of each other.     

纳米半导体硫化银单层膜的自组装

本文使用Triton X-100作为模板剂制备半导体硫化银纳米颗粒,并研究了其吸收光谱的兰移特性。在金属铝或金基底上自组装有机双功能分子单层膜后,将其浸入所制备的纳米硫化银颗粒的微乳液中,自组装得到硫化银纳米颗粒单层膜并研究了其表面形貌特征。     

Liquid-liquid extraction of mercury(II) with triphenylphosphine sulphide: Application to medicinal and environmental samples

A method is proposed for the separation and determination of mercury(II) in environmental samples after its extraction from salicylate solution using triphenylphosphine sulphide (TPPS) as an extractant. The extraction conditions are optimized and reported. The nature of the extracted species is ascertained by a plot of log of distribution ratio versus log of concentration of salicylate and TPPS. Received: 22 January 1997 / Revised: 7 May 1997 / Accepted: 10 May 1997     

气态—紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中硫化物

本文介绍了在对样品无需进行预先吹气分离,显色的条件下,通过对硫化氢气体在气相状态下紫外分光光度法的测定来完成对水和废水中硫化物测定的方法。本方法不但操作简单、快速,而且准确性和精密度都优于标准化学方法,颜色、混浊及其它共存离子对本方法均无干扰。对于低含量样品的测定,本方法具有明显的优点。