高硅沸石骨架结构及其稳定性的模拟计算(I)*

The lattice energy of a series of high-silica zeolites was determined using the lattice energy minimization method. The results were compared to the lattice energy of dense polymorphs of SiO2. All high-silica zeolites frameworks are only 30～67kJ•mol-1 less stable than α-quartz This may imply that there is little energy barrier to the formation of high-silica zeolites frame-works and explain the structural diversity observed for high-silica zeolites. The relationships of calculated lattice energies and framework Structures was disscussed. The results revealed a good linear relationship between framework density of these molecular sieves and all-silica framework lattice energies.     

Ethanol, acetic acid, and water adsorption from binary and ternary liquid mixtures on high-silica zeolites

Adsorption isotherms were measured for ethanol, acetic acid, and water adsorbed on high-silica ZSM-5 zeolite powder from binary and ternary liquid mixtures at room temperature. Ethanol and water adsorption on two high-silica ZSM-5 zeolites with different aluminum contents and a high-silica beta zeolite were also compared. The amounts adsorbed were measured using a recently developed technique that accurately measures the changes in adsorbent/liquid mixture density and liquid concentration. This technique allows the adsorption of each compound in a liquid mixture to be measured. Adsorption data for binary mixtures were fit with the dual-site extended Langmuir model, and the parameters were used to predict ternary adsorption isotherms for each compound with reasonable accuracy. In ternary mixtures, acetic acid competed with ethanol and water for adsorption sites and reduced ethanol adsorption more than it reduced water adsorption.     

State and properties of ion-exchanged cations in zeolites: 1. IR spectra and chemical activation of adsorbed molecular hydrogen

Adsorption isotherms and of adsorbed molecular hydrogen indicate that H₂ is weakly adsorbed by alkali-metal forms of faujasites, mordenite, and high-silica zeolite ZSM-5. The alkaline-earth forms of the same zeolites adsorb hydrogen somewhat more strongly; nevertheless, the hydrogen molecules adsorbed by the barium form of mordenite are in the hindered rotation state. Molecular hydrogen is most strongly adsorbed by the zinc and cadmium forms of the high-silica zeolite. In this case, molecular hydrogen is strongly polarized and undergoes heterolytic dissociative adsorption, yielding acidic hydroxyl groups and cation-bound hydride ions.     

Pyrolysis of Straight-Run Naphtha on ZSM-5 Zeolites Modified with Alkaline-Earth Metal Cations

The acid and catalytic properties of high-silica zeolites of ZSM-5 type, modified with alkalineearth metal cations in pyrolysis of straight-run naphtha, were studied.     

同晶外延生长法合成MFI型核壳复合分子筛

采用二次热液结晶法,以四丙基氢氧化铵水溶液预处理过的低硅ZSM-5分子筛为晶核,通过调控p H值、水量和晶化时间等二次结晶条件,在晶核上外延生长了高硅ZSM-5壳,制备了MFI/MFI核壳型复合分子筛。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能量色散谱仪、透射电子显微镜、N2吸附-脱附和NH3-程序升温脱附等手段表征了所合成的核壳分子筛的晶体结构、表面形态及核/壳界面,并对它们的结构参数以及酸性进行了初步评估。结果表明,核壳复合分子筛的壳层由多层200 nm的MFI沸石晶粒组成;高硅ZSM-5分子筛壳层的生成,引入了介孔结构,显著增大了外比表面积;同时,核壳结构的形成降低了复合分子筛酸性和外表面的酸密度,但增加了弱酸量。当二次晶化母液p H值为8.5,H2O/SO2物质的量比为30,晶化时间为24 h时,高硅分子筛壳层更易可控生长。     

Synthesis of high-silica EU-1 zeolite in the presence of hexamethonium ions: a seeded approach for inhibiting ZSM-48

A seeded approach was developed to synthesize high-silica EU-1 zeolite via inhibiting the co-crystallization of ZSM-48 in the presence of hexamethonium (HM) ions. A systematic study was carried out to determine factors such as seed content and SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) ratio, which influenced the crystallization of high-silica EU-1 and transformation of EU-1 into ZSM-48. Using EU-1 seeds, not only well-crystallized pure EU-1 zeolites with SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) ratios more than 500 were synthesized, but also the co-crystalline of ZSM-48/EU-1 or pure ZSM-48 was obtained in control from silica-rich mixture gels. Furthermore, the kinetic features of the seeded synthesis of EU-1 zeolites with SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) ratios of 55, 190, and 500 were examined. It was found that seeds played crucial roles in the decrease of apparent activation energy of EU-1 nucleation and inhibiting the transformation of EU-1 into ZSM-48. The HM and Al species performed synergistic roles to inhibit the formation ZSM-48 during high-silica EU-1 nucleation and crystal growth.     

Effect of High-Temperature Treatment of Pentasils on Their Acid and Catalytic Properties in Conversion of Straight-Run Naphthas

The acid and catalytic properties of Pentasil-type high-silica zeolites were studied as influenced by conditions of high-temperature treatment in the course of conversion of straight-run naphthas.     

Effect of High-Temperature Steam Treatment of High-Silica Zeolites of the ZSM-5 Type on Their Acidity and Selectivity of Formation of Lower Olefins from Straight-Run Naphthas

The effect of high-temperature steam treatment of high-silica zeolites of the ZSM-5 type on their acidity and selectivity of formation of lower olefins from straight-run naphthas was studied.     

Conjugate Conversion of a Broad Fraction of Light Hydrocarbons and Methanol on Zeolite-Containing Catalysts

The effect of modification of ZSM-5 type high-silica zeolites on their acidity and selectivity in formation of lower olefins and arenes in conjugate conversion of propane-butane fraction and methanol was studied.     

Transformations of Straight-Run Naphthas on Indium-Modified Pentasils

The influence exerted by the procedure of introducing indium into high-silica zeolite of the Pentasil type on its acid properties and catalytic activity in transformation of straight-run naphthas into lower olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons was studied.     

Densification products in conversion of ethylene on a high-silica zeolite catalyst

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Fundamental aspects of the conversion of ethylene on a high-silica zeolite catalyst in the temperature range 200–400°C were studied. The methods of...     

A study of the properties of modified high-silica zeolites in the conversion of methanol to <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-xylene

Catalytic and physicochemical properties of high-silica zeolites modified by multiple charge cations (Zn, Cd, Ba, La, Lu) in the conversion of methanol to n-xylene were studied.     

高硅无铝Mo-Beta沸石的合成与结构表征

用水热晶化法合成了无铝Mo-Beta沸石,讨论了合成条件对无铝Mo-Beta沸石晶化的影响,通过化学分析、XRD、IR、DTA/TGA、TEM、NMR、ICP和UV-Vis紫外漫反射光谱测定了样品的n(SiO₂)/n(MoO₃)比,并对其结构进行了表征,结果表明,所合成的Mo-Beta沸石晶粒均匀,Mo存在于沸石骨架中,由于Mo的掺入,引起Beta沸石红外光谱、差热分析曲线及晶胞参数, ²⁹SiMASNMR谱等发生变化。     

Sorption and Catalytic Activity of Adsorbent-Catalyst Based on Montmorillonite Modified with Cr(III) and Cu(II) Mixed Oxides

The sorption properties of mixed adsorbent-catalyst based on high-silica zeolite and montmorillonite modified with mixed oxides of Cr(III) and Cu(II) with respect to organic compounds of various classes were studied, and the optimal dynamic conditions of its operation were determined.     

Synthesized high-silica hierarchical porous ZSM-5 and optimization of its reaction conditions in benzene alkylation with methanol

41.4% yield of xylene was obtained over high-silica hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst by optimizing reaction conditions of benzene alkylation with methanol.     

利用Taguchi法以高岭土为原料制备高硅NaY分子筛

采用Taguchi试验方法优化出了以高岭土为原料制备高硅NaY分子筛的最佳合成参数,考察了硅溶胶的加入量、反应体系的碱度、加水量以及晶化时间对NaY分子筛硅铝比和结晶度的影响。结果表明,高硅NaY分子筛的最佳合成条件是：反应体系各组分的物质的量比为7.5SiO₂∶1.0Al₂O₃∶2.2Na₂O∶120H₂O,晶化时间为16 h。同时发现,对合成样品性能的影响最为显著的因素是硅溶胶的加入量和碱度。采用X射线衍射、N₂静态容量吸附法和扫描电镜对利用最佳条件所合成样品的硅铝比、比表面积、孔分布以及表观形貌进行了表征。结果显示,以高岭土原料制备的NaY分子筛比参考样品拥有更高的硅铝比和更大的比表面积。     

高硅ZSM-5沸石孔道和酸性的协同调控及其催化甲醇制丙烯反应性能

通过碱处理结合铬改性策略实现了对高硅 ZSM-5沸石孔道和酸性的协同调控, 制备出了一种具有适宜酸性的高硅多级孔沸石催化剂。在碱处理的过程中, 通过精细调节合成凝胶组成, 在沸石晶体中引入的丰富共生界面, 诱导了介孔的形成, 从而打破了沸石硅铝比对常规碱处理法的限制。在铬改性的过程中, 独特的多级孔结构促进了铬在催化剂中的分散, 从而实现了对酸性的深度改性。在甲醇制丙烯催化反应中, 制备的催化剂表现出了极佳的催化稳定性以及很高的丙烯和总低碳烯烃选择性。     

CXN天然沸石的研究VII. 骨架高硅超稳化改性

以高硅超稳化辉沸石(STI)为基底沸石, 分别经盐酸脱铝或氟硅酸铵脱铝补硅处理后制备的改性H-STI沸石, 其非骨架铝含量明显减少, 而后者骨架硅铝比进一步提高. X射线荧光散射光谱(XRF), ²⁷Al高分辨率魔角旋转固体核磁共振(MAS NMR), 红外(FT-IR)光谱等表征证明改性后的沸石骨架硅铝原子比分别为6.8和11.4. 低温氮吸附表明, 经盐酸处理的高硅STI沸石孔道开放完美, 但经氟硅酸铵处理的样品孔道被部分堵塞. 分段程序升温焙烧表明前者骨架热稳定性略差, 1000 ℃焙烧后结构基本被破坏, 而后者热稳定性较好, 经相同温度段焙烧后仍保持较高的结晶度和热稳定性, 其结构基本实现超稳化.     

在无有机导向剂条件下采用乙醇为助剂合成高硅沸石

高硅沸石具有优异的热稳定性、水热稳定性、大的微孔体积、高表面积和均匀的微孔孔道,因而广泛应用于催化领域.然而,高硅沸石的合成往往需要使用有机结构导向剂,不但增加了沸石合成成本,而且还产生了大量的三废排放.为了解决这个问题,我们发展了在无有机导向剂存在条件下采用沸石晶种诱导合成沸石的方法,但是该方法合成的沸石产物骨架富铝,不能合成高硅沸石,实现绿色方法合成工业上大量使用的高硅沸石问题仍然没有解决.最近,我们又报道了采用沸石晶种导向和醇填充相结合的方法合成纯硅沸石,但仍不能合成高硅沸石.本文首次在无有机结构导向剂存在条件下采用乙醇为助剂合成高硅沸石,并成功地合成了硅铝比(Si/Al)为38?240的ZSM-5沸石.此方法成功的关键是使用具有四配位铝物种的硅铝酸盐前驱体作为起始原料.因为乙醇的沸点低,溶液中的乙醇可以循环使用,大幅度地降低了传统高硅沸石合成有机模板的三废排放成本.通过固体核磁证明,在沸石的晶化过程中,硅物种发生重排与聚合,而铝物种一直保持着四配位的状态不变,这表明Si-O-Al类的连接在晶化过程中基本上保持稳定.另外,采用该方法合成了高硅TON,MTT,*MRE沸石,表明了此方法的普适性.此外,还可以将Fe和B等杂原子引入到沸石骨架中,成功地合成了铁硅和硼硅沸石.X射线粉末衍射测试与扫描电子显微镜表征结果表明,所合成的高硅ZSM-5沸石具有高纯度和结晶度,样品呈现出典型的块状ZSM-5晶体形貌.样品的BET表面积和微孔体积分别为382 m²/g和0.16 cm³/g,这与传统方法以TPAOH为有机结构导向剂合成的ZSM-5沸石的BET表面积和微孔体积是几乎一致的.更重要的是,所制备的ZSM-5沸石在甲醇制丙烯反应中,具有良好的催化性能,并与使用有机结构导向剂合成的ZSM-5沸石具有相似的活性、选择性和催化剂寿命.综上所述,在沸石晶种和乙醇存在的条件下,以硅铝酸盐前驱体为起始原料,在无有机结构导向剂存在条件下,成功地合成出了高硅MFI,TON,MTT和*MRE沸石.同时,也可利用硼硅酸盐和铁硅酸盐为起始原料来合成B-ZSM-5和Fe-ZSM-5沸石.与传统的合成高硅沸石路线相比,此方法避免了昂贵和有毒的有机结构导向剂的使用、减少了废水的排放、简化了合成过程和提高了产品收率;同时所合成沸石具有优异的催化性能,为高硅沸石的产业化生产和催化应用奠定基础.     

Activity of Polymeric and Zeolite-Containing Catalysts in Production of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether

The effect of structural and acid characteristics of catalysts of various nature (sulfonic cation exchangers of the KU-23 type and high-silica zeolite of the ZSM-5 type) on their activity and selectivity in production of methyl tert-butyl ether from isobutylene and methanol was studied.