锚固体红外温度场与应力场特性研究

为了研究锚固体力-热耦合机制,分别对不同类型的锚固体加载变形破坏过程进行试验研究。应用红外热像技术,获得红外温度场,同时对锚固体进行应力场数值分析。结果显示:中心位置布置单根锚杆的锚固体;应力峰值前,随着荷载的增加,红外温度场呈现整体均匀性升温变化;应力峰值后,在锚杆周围形成一个由多条不同等温线组成的区域,其形状是以锚杆为中心的近似圆形区域,由内向外,温度逐步降低;有锚杆一侧围岩红外温度高于无锚杆一侧,锚杆周围形成一个近似"喇叭"状的等温线图,高温等温线对应高应力区,低温等温线对应低应力区,红外温度场与应力场之间存在空间分布对应关系。     

条形药包端部爆炸应力场的动光弹试验研究

借助动光弹试验方法，采用聚碳酸脂板模拟无限平面，探索了条形药包端部爆炸应力场的分布特性。根据动态二维应力光性定律，得出了端部应力场分布的定性结论。     

锚固体变形破坏过程中红外温度场与应力场的分析与比较

应用红外热像技术分别对不同类型的锚固体加载变形破坏过程进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,对于中心位置布置单根锚杆的锚固体:应力峰值前,随着荷载的增加,红外温度场呈现整体均匀性升温变化;应力峰值以后,在锚杆周围形成一个由多条不同等温线组成的区域,其形状是以锚杆为中心的近似圆形区域,由内向外温度逐步降低。有锚杆一侧围岩红外温度高于无锚杆一侧,锚杆周围形成一个近似"喇叭"状的等温线图;高温等温线对应高应力区,低温等温线对应低应力区;红外温度场与应力场的空间分布存在对应关系。     

锚杆与围岩加载过程的红外热像模拟实验研究

应用红外热像技术，对锚杆与围岩加载变化破坏过程中的红外辐射现象进行 了实验研究. 结果表明： 无锚杆试块红外辐射温度随着荷载增加，呈现整体均匀升温变化；试块布置锚杆后其承载能 力增加，红外辐射温度也明显升高，应力峰值后，在锚杆周围形成一个由不同等温线组成的 区域，由内向外温度逐步降低，锚杆周围红外温度场与应力场，在形状和空间分布上有很好 的相似性，红外热像高温区和低温区分别对应高应力区和低应力区.     

基于动态光弹性方法的冲击载荷作用下自由边界主应力研究

当物体在冲击载荷作用下,物体内部会产生应力波,研究应力波的传播过程及规律对研究物体受冲击载荷作用具有重大的意义.应力波在物体内传播时,在自由边界处产生的主应力状态对于理论求解和计算有着重要意义.采用动态光弹性方法,结合新型动光弹系统及相关实验设备采集物体在冲击载荷作用下的等倾线和等差线条纹图,通过分析等倾线的条纹,得出等倾线与自由边界相交所成角度不为0°或909,得出在物体自由边界处两个主应力均存在且不为零的结论.针对上述结果,采用电测方法进行验证,两试验结果相符合,方案可行且准确.     

结构局部应力场全景光弹测量方法研究

针对大型结构局部复杂应力场直观测量的需求,提出了全景光弹测试技术。在经典光弹实验系统中,偏振系统的大小限制了试件尺寸;同时理想光源系统的复杂性降低了实验测量的机动性。由于这两方面的限制导致经典光弹方法在测量大型复杂结构时存在较多的非确定性。为此建立了一个等效偏振系统,通过在试件表面镀制偏振膜的办法将偏振系统依附于试件表面,以解决试件尺寸限制问题。同时放弃了理想光源而采用自然光源,以提高测量的机动性。通过四点弯曲实验来检验本文方法的有效性。结果表明提出的测量技术是有效可靠的。利用本文提出的方法,对实际桥梁中缩尺试件的局部应力场进行了测量,得到了可用于结构模型修正的应力中心线信息。     

固体火箭发动机燃烧室光弹性分析

本文运用光弹性法研究了某型固体火箭发动机燃烧室内端燃型药柱和星柱型药柱两种形状的固体复合推进剂的残余应力场,测定了光弹材料的弹性模量、泊松比、线胀系数、材料条纹值和冻结温度,获得了光弹材料在压应力和温度应力下的等差线条纹图,分析了应力分布情况.     

孔底空腔爆炸应力场分布的动光弹试验研究

在保护层开挖中,孔底空腔装药爆破的方法被证明对保护建基面是行之有效的。为了研究炮孔孔底空腔装药结构的爆炸作用机理,运用动光弹试验模拟介质受到爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应,分析了不同装药结构的孔底应力场分布情况及其作用规律;文中介绍了动光弹模型试验设计参数,通过对试验中条纹级数与比例距离曲线的对比分析,得出了合理的孔底空腔能有效地降低爆炸峰值压力和有利于保护建基面的结论。     

不耦合装药爆炸应力场的动光弹研究

用动光弹方法定量研究了多个不耦合系数下爆炸应力场衰减规律。模型材料为环氧树脂平板。研究表明:当不耦合系数在1～1.75之间取值时,比例距离在15～60范围内,|(?)/(?)|max的值介于3.21～5.00之间,|(?)/(?)|max的值介于小4.61～9.50之间。     

单像素成像的数字光弹研究

数字光弹是光测力学中进行应力分析的重要方法,其核心是通过数字图像处理的方式确定等倾线和等差线参数并获得对应的相位图.传统的数字光弹使用面阵相机拍摄得到光弹性条纹图像,但是通常在特殊波段尤其是在非可见光波段中适用的面阵相机普遍比较昂贵、制造成本也相对较高.本文提出在数字光弹中引入一种具有低成本、高成像质量优势的成像方法—...     

粘塑性材料成形过程的有限元分析

为了确定大型铝机轮等温锻造的变形力及揭示轮缘处形成折叠的原因,本文用刚一粘塑性有限元法对模拟件的成形过程进行了全面数值模拟。模拟计算和实验结果表明,有限元确定的等温锻造过程的变形力,可作为选择设备吨位的依据,根据刚-粘塑性有限元法所预测的金属流动规律,发现零件的形状很大程度上决定了轮缘处容易形成折叠。适当改进模具结构和改善润滑条件,有助于避免折叠缺陷的产生。     

关于等温间断的稳定性

本文考察导热流体中等温间断的稳定性问题,给出了稳定间断的条件:p_1/p_0>r/(2-r),它比等温间断的产生条件(p_1/p_0>(r+1)/(3-r))要强。     

Modeling of macroscopic response of phase transforming materials under quasi-static loading

Based on a continuum model of solid-solid phase transformations, the macroscopic response of a bar of a thermoelastic phase transforming material loaded quasistatically is investigated. A critical loading rate is identified for the evolution of a single phase boundary in the bar during an isothermal process. It is shown that, when the loading rate is larger than this critical loading rate, nucleation occurs either continuously or at multiple sites; when the loading rate is lower than this critical loading rate, the size of the hysteresis loop increases with increasing loading rate, and decreases with an increase in the mobility of the phase boundary. The heat conduction due to the heat generated by the latent heat of the phase transformation is considered for a special case.     

非牛顿体通用模型线接触弹流润滑的数值分析

基于润滑剂在弹流润滑状态下表现为非牛顿体特性,根据弹流润滑理论,采用一种新的非牛顿体流变模型,建立了适用于非牛顿体的修正Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ方程,进行了等温弹流润滑的数值计算,并在等温解的基础地温度场分析。数值分析结果表明,由于滑滚比和模型参数对剪应力影响较大,因而在滑滚比和模型参数较大时应进行热弹流计算。通过温度场分析可证明：非牛顿体通过模型可用于等温弹流润滑和热弹流润滑计算。     

复杂三维结构物的光弹性实验研究

应用光弹性原理和方法，根据有关相似原理，对研究对象的几何尺寸进行缩比、模型设计及加工成型．然后将模型在危险载荷作用下，进行应力冻结、切片及应力分析．确定了模型不同截面上的应力及其变化规律，为优化设计和调整数值计算方法提供了有价值的依据．     

Turbulent film condensation on an isothermal cone surface

It is an investigation of turbulent film condensation on an isothermal cone. The present paper describes the eddy diffusivity of two turbulent models. And then it discusses the film thickness and heat transfer characteristics under the different turbulent models. The results show the mean heat transfer coefficient on two forms of eddy diffusivity, and there is a variation on the two models. Furthermore, the current results are compared with those generated by previous theoretical investigations. It is found that in high vapor velocity, the mean heat transfer was greater than that of the laminar flow theory. Under the high vapor velocity region, the eddy effect will be an important factor for the heat transfer of turbulent condensate film. Besides, in the low vapor velocity region, the eddy diffusivity seldom influences the heat transfer of condensate film.     

新型铝锡硅合金高温塑性变形流变应力的研究

采用高温等温压缩变形方法,在温度为373-673K范围和应变速率为0.001-1.0s^-1范围内,测定了新型Al-10Sn-4Si合金的流变应力曲线,结果表明,该合金为正应变速率敏感材料并且具有稳态流变特征;稳态流变应力随变形速率的增加而增大,随变形温度的升高而降低,通过回归分析,建立了该合金高温塑性变形时稳态流变应力的半经验方程,这种稳态流变特征与动态回复、动态再结晶及局部晶界粘滞性流动行为有关,受热激活过程控制。     

A viscoplastic constitutive model for nickel-base superalloy,part 2: modeling under anisothermal conditions

In Part 2 of this study, extensive deformation tests were carried out on the nickel-base polycrystalline superalloy IN738LC under isothermal and anisothermal conditions between 450 and 950 °C. Under the isothermal conditions, the material showed almost no rate/time-dependency below 700 °C, while it showed distinct rate/time-dependency above 800 °C. Regarding the cyclic deformation, slight cyclic hardening behavior was observed when the temperature was below 700 °C and the imposed strain rate was fast, whereas in the case of the temperature above 800 °C or under slower strain rate conditions, the cyclic hardening behavior was scarcely observed. Unique inelastic behavior was observed under in-phase and out-of-phase anisothermal conditions: with an increase in the number of cycles, the stress at higher temperatures became smaller and the stress at lower temperatures became larger in absolute value although the stress range was approximately constant during the cyclic loading. In other words, the mean stress continues to evolve cycle-by-cycle in the direction of the stress at lower temperatures. Based on the experimental results, it was assumed that evolution of the variable Y that had been incorporated into a kinematic hardening rule in Part 1 of this study is active under higher temperatures and is negligible under lower temperatures. The material constants used in the constitutive equations were determined with the isothermal data, and were expressed as functions of temperature empirically. The extended viscoplastic constitutive equations were applied to the anisothermal cyclic loading as well as the monotonic tension, stress relaxation, creep and cyclic loading under the isothermal conditions. It was demonstrated that the present viscoplastic constitutive model was successful in describing the inelastic behavior of the material adequately, including the anomalous inelastic behavior observed under the anisothermal conditions, owing to the consideration of the variable Y.