含氧单体和1－烯烃配位共聚合研究及共聚物表征

考察了极性含氧单体，４－戊烯氧基三甲基硅烷（ＰＴＭＳ）在络合Ⅱ型ＴｉＣｌ３－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｃ４Ｈ９）３催化体系下与丙烯共聚合情况．通过脱三甲基硅保护基，合成了丙烯，戊烯醇共聚物，并用ＩＲ，ＮＭＲ等方法进行表征．详细考察了Ａｌ／Ｔｉ比，温度等聚合条件对共聚合的影响．初步研究了共聚合的动力学行为．此外，还发现丙烯，戊烯醇共聚物保持了较好的物理性质，如较高的熔点，等规度，抗降解能力，粘接性等，为聚烯烃功能化提供了一条新的途径．     

钛系Ziegler－Natta催化剂下的丙烯／α－烯烃的共聚合

研究了ＴｉＣｌ＿４／ＭｇＣｌ＿２－三乙基铝（ＴＥＡ）高效载体催化体系下的丙烯／癸烯－１共聚及δ－ＴｉＣｌ＿３－－氯二乙基铝（ＤＥＡＣ）催化体系下的丙烯／辛烯－１共聚合的基本反应规律，考察了铝钛比、温度、共聚单体浓度等对共聚合的影响；对比了两种催化体系的不同，利用非均相Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔａ催化体系下共聚合的非稳态扩散动力学的观点，解释了观察到的共聚合催化效率增加，共聚物粒子增大等实验现象．     

钛系Ziegler—Natta催化剂下的丙烯α—烯烃的共聚合

研究了ＴｉＣｌ４／ＭｇＣｌ２－三乙基铝高效载体催化体系下的丙烯／癸烯－１共聚及δ－ＴｉＣｌ３－氯二乙基铝催化体上的丙烯／辛烯－１共聚合的基本反应规律，考察了铝钛比、温度、共聚单浓度等对共聚合的影响，对比了两种催化体系的不同，利用非均相Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ－Ｎａｔｔｚ催化体系下共聚合的非稳态扩散动力学的观点，解释了观察到的共聚合催化效率增加，共聚物粒子增大等实验现象。     

单茂钛／MAO体系催化乙烯／丙烯共聚合研究：Ⅰ.乙烯／丙烯共聚物的合成及聚合

采用合成的催化剂五甲基环戊二烯基三烯丙氧基钛「Ｃｐ＾＊Ｔｉ（ＯＡｌｌｙｌ）３」与改性甲基铝氧烷（ｍＭＡＯ）组成新型催化体系进行了乙烯／丙烯共聚合,考察了助催化剂（ｍＭＡＯ）中ＴＭＡ含量、气体配比、聚合温度、助催化剂和主催化剂浓度等因素对共聚合活性及产物分子量的影响,研究了其变化规律。结果表明,Ｃｐ＾Ｔｉ（ＯＡｌｌｙｌ）３／ｍＭＡＯ催化体系中钛的价态分布为Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）时对共聚合更为有利,制得了乙烯／丙烯无规共聚物弹性体。     

茂金属催化乙烯与降冰片烯共聚合研究

研究了茂金属催化体系Ｍｅ２ＳｉＣｐ２ＭＣｌ２／ＭＡＯ（Ｍ＝Ｚｒ，ｔｉ）催化乙烯与降冰片烯共聚合，考察了不同聚合条件下的共聚及乙烯动力学行为，对共聚物的结构进行了ＤＳＣ，１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ表征．研究表明，在相同的聚合条件下，Ｚｒ较Ｔｉ有更佳的共聚合催化性能．在相近的投料比条件下，得到了降冰片烯含量和Ｔｇ均较文献高的乙烯与降冰片烯的共聚物．     

Co－Mo／TiO_2和C0－M0／γ－Al_2O_3加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

本文考察了ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ３和ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的加氢脱硫性能及表面结构变化和预处理条件对其活性的影响．担体ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）和ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）分别采用ＴｉＣｌ４中和法和ＴｉＯＳＯ４水解法制备．结果表明，催化剂的活性顺序为ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的预处理条件对催化剂的加氢脱硫（ＨＤＳ）和加氢（ＨＹＤ）活性有很大影响，ＴｉＯ２担体上Ｍｏ物种主要以八面体配位构型存在，Ｍｏ６＋更易于还原成低价态．     

Co-Mo/TiO2和Co-Mo/γ-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂的研究

本文考察了ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２和ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的加氢脱硫性能及表面结构变化和处理条件对其活性的影响，担体ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）和ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）分别采用ＴｉＯＳＯ４水解法制备，结果表明，催化剂的活性顺序为ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ａ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／ＴｉＯ２（Ｂ）＞ＣｏＭｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，催化剂的预处理条件对催化剂的加氢脱硫和加氢活性有很大影响，ＴｉＯ２担体上Ｍｏ物种主要以八面体配位构型存在，Ｍｏ＾－     

AlCl_3／SbCl_3引发α－蒎烯阳离子聚合反应──引发活性种本质研究

考察了复合催化剂ＡｌＣｌ_３／ＳｂＣｌ_３的不同配制方法和质子捕捉剂２，６－二异丁基－４－甲基吡啶（ＤＴＢＭＰ）对α－蒎烯阳离子聚合反应的影响。结果表明，ＡｌＣｌ_３和ＳｂＣｌ_３加热熔融复合比简单复合的引发聚合活性更高；ＤＴＢＭＰ对该复合催化剂的聚合反应速率及其产物分子量分布均无明显影响，证明该复合催化剂形成的活性种本质上与质子Ｈ活性种不同，是新型活性种。根据２７ＡｌＮＭＲ对该体系活性种分析结果，认为引发阳离子是［Ｓｂ（Ｖ）Ｃｌ_４］，抗衡阴离子是［Ａｌ_２Ｃｌ_７］     

苯乙烯－乙烯共聚物的合成及其结构性能的研究

用负载型钛系催化剂ＭｇＣｌ_２／ＴｉＣｌ_４，ＮｄＣｌ_３／ＡｌＥｔ_３（ＳＮ－１催化剂）制备出组份比例变化的苯乙烯－乙烯共聚产物．共聚产物通过溶剂萃取分离、~１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、动态粘弹谱进行表征，并初步进行了与聚苯乙烯（ａＰＳ）共混作用的研究．结果表明，ＳＮ－１催化剂能有效地催化苯乙烯与乙烯共聚合．共聚产物为含有均聚聚苯乙烯的共聚物复合物，其中的２５ｍｏｌ％的苯乙烯参加了共聚．共聚产物与ａＰＳ共混可明显提高ａＰＳ的冲击强度和断裂伸长率．     

新型高活性催化剂乙烯气相聚合的研究（I）：气相均聚和共聚…

研究了新型高活性乙烯气相聚合催化剂ＴｉＣｌ４／ＭｇＣｌ２／ＺｎＣｌ２／ＳｉＣｌ４／醇／Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３体系中钛和醇组分含量对聚合反应和产物颗粒形态的影响。测定了乙烯气相聚合反应动力学曲线，确定了聚合动力学方程。用ＳＥＭ，ＤＳＣ，ＷＡＸＤ，＾１＾３ＣＮＭＲ对催化剂及聚合物的形态，结构和性能进行了分析和表征。     

Random copolymer of butadiene and propylene prepared with TiCl4–Et3Al–phosgene catalyst

The copolymerization of butadiene and propylene was investigated. It was found that the catalyst system of TiCl₄–Et₃Al–COCl₂ yields a random copolymer of high molecular weight with a small amount of gel polymer above room temperature. Tetrachloroethylene was a good solvent for the production of high polymer containing a high proportion of propylene units in high yield. The fractionation and the analysis of degradation experiments of copolymer indicate that the copolymer is of random distribution of propylene units in the copolymer. However, the monomer reactivity ratios, r_BD = 6.36 and r_Pr = 0.42, suggest some degree of blocked character. The properties of the copolymer were superior to those of cis-1,4–polybutadiene, especially in resistance to thermal aging.     

Polymerization,copolymerization, and terpolymerization of 1-isopropylidene-dicyclopentadiene by anionic coordination catalysts

A detailed investigation of the terpolymerization reaction of ethylene and propylene with 1-isopropylidene-dicyclopentadiene (II) was carried out by empolying vanadiumbased anionic coordinate catalysts [preferentially V(Acac)₃? AlEt₂Cl]. The influence of some polymerization parameters, i.e., concentration of II, of the catalyst; polymerization time, etc., were particularly examined. The catalysts were found to be active in C₂H₄? II copolymerization also, but neither C₃H₆? II copolymer nor II homopolymer were obtained. By using the 5,6-dihydro derivative of II as comonomer, it was found through ultraviolet, infrared, and NMR analyses that the incorporation of II in polyethylene or ethylene–propylene chains took place randomly and by selective opening of the norbornene double bond. The quantitative determination of the unsaturation present in C₂H₄? C₃H₆? II terpolymer was studied by means of absorption of iodine halides and through a spectroscopic ultraviolet method. Reference was made to terpolymer samples containing ¹⁴C-labeled II. The content of II was generally less than 35 wt-% both in copolymer and in terpolymer prepared. The relatively high reactivity of II is discussed in terms of norbornene ring strain and compared with the reactivity of 1-isopropylidene-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroindene (I) previously reported.     

Alternating copolymer of butadiene and propylene. III

Alternating copolymerizations of butadiene with propylene and other olefins were investigated by using VO(acac)₂–Et₃Al–Et₂AlCl system as catalyst. Butadiene–propylene copolymer with high degree of alternation was prepared with a monomer feed ratio (propylene/butadiene) of 4. Alternating copolymers of butadiene and other terminal olefins such as butene-1, pentene-1, dodecene-1, and octadiene-1,7 were also obtained. However, the butadiene–butene-2 copolymerization did not yield an alternating copolymer but a trans-1,4-polybutadiene.     

The features of syndiotactic polypropylene

The mechanism of stereoselectivity of propylene insertion in propylene-ethylene copolymerization on a C_S symmetrical zirconium complex i-Pr(Cp) (Flu) ZrCl₂ catalyst is discussed. Calculation results indicate that not only the β-carbon in the growing chain end of the polymer but also the substituent of the β-carbon play an important role in the selectivity of the prochiral face of the next-coming propylene monomer. The stereoregularity of propylene units connected to an ethylene unit (PPE) in propylene-ethylene copolymer was observed to be lower than that in propylene sequences (PPP) in the ¹³C NMR spectrum, which supports the calculation results. Furthermore, the structure and properties of propylene-olefin (ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene) copolymers prepared with the i-Pr(Cp) (Flu) ZrCl₂ catalyst system were studied. Propylene-1-butene copolymer exhibits peculiarly lower melting point depression because 1-butene units enter into the unit cell of the crystal structure of syndiotactic polypropylene.     

High-Yield Synthesis of Gold Microplates Using Amphiphilic Block Copolymers: Are Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Required?

Summary : High-yield synthesis of gold microplates is achieved through autoreduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaureate (III) hydrate (HAuCl₄ · 3H₂O) in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer (Pluronic L64, EO₁₃PO₃₀EO₁₃) at ambient conditions, in the absence of added energy, reductant, or other surfactants. The formation by the amphiphilic block copolymer of lyotropic liquid crystals (e.g., ordered cylindrical/hexagonal or lamellar phases) is not required for templating the formation of such microplates.     

Synthesis of propylene carbonate from carbon dioxide using trans‐dichlorotetrapyridineru‐ thenium(II) as catalyst

trans‐Dichlorotetrapyridineruthenium(II) [trans‐RuCl₂(py)₄] was synthesized and the structure was determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Highly efficient formation of propylene carbonate (PC) from carbon dioxide and propylene oxide was achieved by using a catalyst system composed of trans‐RuCl₂(py)₄ and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide under mild conditions (4h, 80 °C, 3.0 MPa). PC was obtained in nearly 100% selectivity without the formation of a polymer. The catalyst could be recycled constantly many times without any significant loss of its catalytic activity. On the basis of the results, a mechanism for the reaction was proposed. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight ethylene‐propylene copolymer via quasi‐living copolymerization with N‐heterocyclic carbene ligated vanadium complexes

The quasi‐living copolymerization of ethylene with propylene was achieved by using N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligated vanadium complex ( V3 , VOCl₃[1,3‐(2,6‐ⁱPr₂C₆H₃)₂(NCH?)₂C:]) due to the stabilization of active center by the introduction of bulky and electron rich NHC ligand with bulky isopropyl substituents at the ortho positions of the phenyl rings. The weight‐average molecular weight (M_w) of the resulting copolymer increases linearly with its weight in 20 min. The ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight (UHMW) ethylene‐propylene copolymer (M_w = 1612 kg mol^?1) can be synthesized with V3 /Et₃Al₂Cl₃ catalytic system. The novel complex V4′ (VCl₃[1,3‐(2,4,6‐Me₃C₆H₂)₂(NCH?)₂C:]·2THF) was constructed by the introduction of two coordinated tetrahydrofuran molecules and decrease in steric hindrance at the ortho positions of phenyl rings. The UHMW ethylene‐propylene copolymer (M_w = 1167 kg mol^?1) can also be synthesized by using V4′ /Et₃Al₂Cl₃ catalytic system. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57, 553–561     

Properties of ethylene–propylene–vinyl chloride graft copolymers. I. Viscoelasticity of ethylene–propylene copolymers

The viscoelastic behavior of two different ethylene–propylene copolymers was studied as a function of the molar ratios of the components and the distribution of the lengths of the ethylene and propylene sequences. The glass transition temperatures T_g agree with the values calculated from relations between T_g and component ratio established by other authors. The copolymer with longer ethylene and propylene sequences was found to exhibit a relaxation spectrum with a slope less steep than ?0.5. This broadening is explained by the broader distribution of friction factors of the statistical segments in this copolymer and by differences in crystallike nearest-neighbor packing.     

Salt‐Induced Micellization of Pluronic F88 in Water

The effect of potassium chloride on the micellization of a poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) triblock copolymer (Pluronic F88: EO₁₀₃PO₃₉EO₁₀₃.) in water was studied by fluorescence, FTIR, ¹H NMR, dynamic light scattering, and dye solubilization. The critical micellization temperature (CMT) values of the copolymer decreased with an increase of KCl concentration while micellar core gets progressively dehydrated. The results reveal the leading role of salt‐water interaction in promoting the micellization of PEO‐PPO‐PEO copolymer by the addition of salt. No significant micellar growth was seen even at temperatures close to cloud point.