第一壁材料用纳米结构氧化物弥散强化钢制备工艺及其性能研究进展

近年来发展起来的纳米结构氧化物弥散强化钢(ODS钢),因其有优异的耐高温、抗辐照及力学性能,满足聚变堆第一壁结构材料的要求。本文主要简述了纳米结构ODS钢制备工艺及其性能的研究进展。     

高He通量注入条件下F/M和ODS钢中纳米微结构对He泡形核和长大的影响

利用LEAF装置提供的2 MeV的He离子,在500和600 °C分别对新型F/M钢-SIMP钢和ODS钢(MA956和Eurofer-ODS钢)注入1×1017 ions/cm2的高通量He离子,借助透射电子显微镜,表征了辐照后三种材料的肿胀行为,验证了各材料中纳米微结构(晶界,析出相和纳米氧化物)对辐照后He泡成核和长大的影响。结果表明,基于材料中晶界和析出相对He泡生长的抑制作用,温度为500 °C时,SIMP和Eurofer-ODS钢表现出较高的抗辐照肿胀性能,而MA956中纳米界面He泡成核和长大作用不明显,表现出较差的抗辐照肿胀性能;此外,温度为600 °C时,Eurofer-ODS钢由于其晶界和氧化物界面的较强作用,表现出较好的抗辐照肿胀性能。总体来说,在高He通量注入条件下,材料中纳米结构的存在会抑制He泡长大的过程,但不同材料中纳米结构对He影响作用不同。     

核材料辐照损伤协同效应的研究北大核心CSCD

通过拉曼光谱、沟道背散射、原子力显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱等一系列测试手段对Zr O2,Si C和ODS钢三种核材料的多束辐照行为进行表征,研究离子束的协同效应对核材料辐照损伤的影响。Zr O2双束辐照肿胀和损伤是两个单束辐照的线性叠加,Si C双束同时辐照的拉曼光谱比双束先后辐照有更大的主峰半高宽的变化,ODS钢的三束辐照有最大的肿胀和硬化。综合分析得出双束同时辐照比先后辐照具有更明显的协同效应,三束辐照ODS钢的损伤最严重,比三个单束损伤之和大,Si离子与He,H的协同效应最明显。多束辐照能较好地模拟实际反应堆中的辐照环境。这些研究结果对于核材料在实际反应堆中的中子辐照行为具有一定的参考意义。     

核材料辐照损伤协同效应的研究

通过拉曼光谱、沟道背散射、原子力显微镜、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱等一系列测试手段对Zr O2,Si C和ODS钢三种核材料的多束辐照行为进行表征,研究离子束的协同效应对核材料辐照损伤的影响。Zr O2双束辐照肿胀和损伤是两个单束辐照的线性叠加,Si C双束同时辐照的拉曼光谱比双束先后辐照有更大的主峰半高宽的变化,ODS钢的三束辐照有最大的肿胀和硬化。综合分析得出双束同时辐照比先后辐照具有更明显的协同效应,三束辐照ODS钢的损伤最严重,比三个单束损伤之和大,Si离子与He,H的协同效应最明显。多束辐照能较好地模拟实际反应堆中的辐照环境。这些研究结果对于核材料在实际反应堆中的中子辐照行为具有一定的参考意义。     

载能离子辐照的ODS铁素体钢硬化效应的研究

研究了氧化物弥散强化(ODS) 的3 种铁素体钢,包括: 19Cr-3.5Al ODS钢(MA956),16Cr-0.1TiODS和16Cr-0.1Zr ODS铁素体钢,在多能量的氦离子和MeV能量级的Bi、Xe 离子辐照条件下的硬化效应。获得了辐照硬化与原子离位损伤水平(dpa)、He 注入浓度的关系。结果表明,材料的硬度在低剂量范围会随着辐照剂量迅速增加,而在高剂量范围材料的硬度逐渐趋于饱和,可以用1/2 次的幂函数拟合辐照硬化与离位损伤水平之间的关系。不同入射离子——Bi离子和Xe离子都会引起ODS 钢的硬化,而氦离子还会在材料中聚集导致氦泡的形成,造成更加明显的硬化。实验证明,Ti 或Zr 掺杂的16Cr-ODS 铁素体钢较19Cr-3.5AlODS钢具有更强的抗辐照硬化能力,原因可归于其含有更高数密度的细小氧化物粒子——能够有效俘获点缺陷和氦原子,从而有效抑制晶粒内部和晶界出缺陷的长大。The present work investigates the irradiation hardening of ODS ferritic steels after multi-energy Heion implantation, or energetic Bi-ion and Xe-ion irradiation, to get an understanding of dependence of irradiationhardening on atomic displacement damage and gas accumulation. Three kinds of high-Cr ODS ferritic steels including the commercial MA956 (19Cr-3.5Al), the 16Cr-0.1Ti and the 16Cr-0.1Zr ODS ferritic steels were used.The results show that the hardness increases rapidly at the lower doses but tends to saturate at the higher dose.An 1/2-power law dependence on dpa value is obtained. Helium implantation contributes significantly to the irradiation hardening, possibly due to the impediment of the motion dislocations by helium bubbles. 16Cr-ODS (Ti or Zr added) ferritic which contains finer oxide particles in higher number density shows higher resistance to irradiation hardening than the MA056.     

反应等离子喷涂纳米TiN涂层的显微硬度及微观结构研究

阐述了反应等离子喷涂(RPS)方法的基本思想.利用气体隧道等离子喷枪，通过RPS方法在Q23 5钢基底上成功制备了氮化钛涂层.检测了TiN涂层在不同载荷下的显微硬度，结果显示TiN涂层具有明显的硬度压痕尺寸效应，在高载荷下加工硬化效应较弱.XRD,TEM及HRTEM等分析 表明,通过RPS方法制备得到了纳米TiN涂层，涂层由直径约为50—70nm的TiN晶粒及非晶Ti N所组成. 关键词： 反应等离子喷涂 纳米 氮化钛 微观结构     

金纳米结构表面二次电子发射特性

使用低气压蒸发工艺制备了金纳米结构,研究了金纳米结构的二次电子发射特性及其对表面形貌的依赖规律,表征了金纳米结构表面出射二次电子能量分布.实验结果表明:蒸发气压升高时,金纳米结构孔隙率增大,表面电子出射产额降低;能量分布表明金纳米结构仅对低能真二次电子有明显抑制作用,对背散射电子的作用效果则依赖于表面形貌.使用由半球和沟槽构成的复合结构,并结合二次电子发射唯象概率模型,对金纳米结构进行模型等效及电子发射特性仿真,模拟结果表明:纳米结构中的半球状纳米颗粒对两种电子产额均有增强作用;沟槽对真二次电子产额有强抑制作用,而对背散射电子产额仅有微弱抑制作用.本工作深入研究了金纳米结构表面电子发射机理,对于开发空间微波系统中纳米级低电子产额表面有重要参考价值.     

纳米共振单元阵列的结构色研究进展

纳米结构色是一种可见光与纳米结构相互作用产生的颜色。为了分析不同纳米共振单元阵列对可见光的调控特性,本文总结了纳米光栅、金属-绝缘体-金属(MIM)、亚波长孔洞阵列、纳米棒阵列和纳米盘-孔洞阵列这几种等离激元结构的显色机理和滤波效果,同时介绍了纯硅及非纯硅两大类Mie共振纳米结构色。除此以外,文章还讨论了动态调控结构色的方法和大面积制备纳米结构的方法,使基于等离激元和Mie共振的结构色能应用于实际。纳米结构有优良的显色效果并能整合到光电器件中,使其在超高分辨显示、图像信息存储、图像信息加密等领域具备巨大应用潜力。     

金纳米环结构的光学性质研究

采用离散偶极子近似方法(DDA)研究了两种不同形状的金纳米环结构的消光光谱及其近电场分布, 研究了等离子体消光峰的红移、蓝移现象及消光系数与结构参数之间的关系, 并与盘状的金纳米结构进行了比较. 在等离子体共振峰波长入射时, 金纳米环结构比金纳米盘结构产生更大的局域增强电场分布, 横截面为圆形的金纳米环结构比横截面为矩形的结构具有更大的局域增强电场分布, 更适合作为表面增强拉曼散射的衬底. 关键词： 离散偶极子近似 金纳米环 金纳米盘 光学性质     

仿生纳米硅结构减反射及陷光性能模拟研究EI北大核心CSCD

仿造蝉翼凸起状结构,建立了硅纳米锥模型,在此基础上研究其减反射及陷光性能与其底部直径、高度的关系,确定直径150nm、高度500nm为其最优结构参数,该参数的纳米锥结构在300~1200nm波段平均反射率为1%.将优化的纳米锥结构与平板结构以及相同参数的纳米柱结构进行了比较,从反射曲线、电场强度分布、能量吸收密度分布、电子生成速度分布多个角度证实了纳米锥结构优异的减反射及陷光性能,为硅基光伏器件减反射陷光微结构设计提供了参考.     

16Cr-ODS铁素体钢的初始氧化物弥散相结构对抗辐照硬化和Ne离子脆化性能的作用研究

依托兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL),开展了3种不同氧化物弥散强化的16Cr-ODS铁素体钢的重离子辐照损伤研究,旨在探究氧化物颗粒结构参数(尺寸和密度)对材料辐照硬化和Ne离子辐照脆化效应的影响.采用6.17 MeV/u的Ni离子辐照和Ne离子,借助辐照终端的梯度减能装置在材料样品中产生了均匀的辐照损伤坪区.借助纳米...     

高能重离子辐照的ODS铁素体钢脆化效应研究

与传统的铁素体钢相比,氧化物弥散强化(ODS) 的铁素体钢具有更优的耐高温和抗辐照性能,近年来成为先进核能装置重要的候选结构材料。在HIRFL 的扇聚焦型回旋加速器(SFC) 材料辐照终端,对一种氧化物弥散强化(ODS) 铁素体钢MA956 进行了高能Ne 离子辐照实验,旨在研究级联碰撞损伤和惰性气体原子注入条件下该材料力学性能的变化。利用辐照终端的能量衰减装置将SFC出口123.4 MeV的离子能量分解为介于38.5~121.0 MeV之间的30 个入射能量值,并通过双面辐照在厚度60 μm的样品中均匀产生了损伤。辐照剂量为9x1016 ions/cm2,在样品中的平均位移损伤为0.7 dpa,注入的Ne原子浓度为350 appm。辐照期间样品温度保持在440 ℃附近。对辐照前后的样品分别在室温和500 ℃下进行了小冲杆试验(Small-punchTest),获得了辐照前后样品的加载位移曲线,由此得到该辐照条件下样品的延性损失为18%~26%。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了断口形貌和厚度变化,估算了样品的等效断裂应变和断裂韧性。结果表明,MA956 钢经过高能Ne离子辐照后等延伸率减小,断裂韧性降低,样品发生了一定的脆化。透射电镜结果说明氧化物弥散相界面处微空洞的形成可能是导致脆化的原因。Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels have better high-temperature creep rupture strength and higher irradiation resistance than conventional ferritic steels, and show high prominence of application in advance nuclear reactors. Their stability under high-dose radiation conditions needs to be clarified. In the present study, a commercial ODS ferritic steel MA956 were irradiated with high 20Ne ions at a terminal chamber of the Sector-focused Cyclotron (SFC) at HIRFL (Heavy-ion Research Facility in Lanzhou). With the energy gradient degrader of the irradiation chamber, the primary energy (123.4 MeV) of the Ne-ion was dispersed into 30 different energies between 38.5~ 121.0 MeV, which resulted in a plateau distribution of lattice damage in the specimens. The specimens were irradiated from both sides so that the whole 60 m thickness was nearly uniformly damaged. The specimen temperature was maintained around 440 ℃ during the irradiation. The irradiation dose is about 9x1016 ions/cm2, corresponding to a damage level of 0.7 dpa and a Ne concentration of 350 appm. The specimens before and after irradiation were tested with the Small-punch Test technique, at room temperature and 500 ℃, respectively. The fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The results show that MA956 underwent some loss of ductility and fracture toughness after the irradiation with high-energy 20Ne ions. It may be ascribed to the formation of nano-scale cavities at the oxides/matrix interfacesin the ODS steel specimens under irradiation .     

Nanomechanical testing of ODS steels irradiated with 1 MeV/amu heavy ions

Development of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels, as candidates for fuel claddings for Gen IV nuclear reactors, requires a comprehensive study of their behaviour under operating conditions. In this work, 1.2 MeV/amu Kr and Xe irradiation was used to simulate fission fragment impact. New irradiation approaches with respect to a non-homogeneous damage profile under ion irradiation were proposed. Hardness profiles of irradiated ODS steels were obtained by continuous stiffness measurements with subsequent analysis of size effects according to the Nix–Gao model. It was found, that heavy ion irradiation leads to hardness saturation in ODS steels in a damage dose range of 0.1–1 dpa. Observed hardening is about 20% and is not connected with the radiation stability of Y–Ti–O and Y–Al–O oxide particles in ODS steels as it was studied by TEM.     

Energy-filtered TEM imaging and EELS study of ODS particles and argon-filled cavities in ferritic-martensitic steels

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) ferritic-martensitic steels with yttrium oxide (Y(2)O(3)) have been produced by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing for use as advanced material in fusion power reactors. Argon gas, usually widely used as inert gas during mechanical alloying, was surprisingly detected in the nanodispersion-strengthened materials. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) led to the following results: (i) chemical composition of ODS particles, (ii) voids with typical diameters of 1-6 nm are formed in the matrix, (iii) these voids are filled with Ar gas, and (iv) the high-density nanosized ODS particles serve as trapping centers for the Ar bubbles. The Ar L(3,2) energy loss edge at 245 eV as well as the absorption features of the ODS particle elements were identified in the EELS spectrum. The energy resolution in the EEL spectrum of about 1.0 eV allows to identify the electronic structure of the ODS particles.     

Laser-modified luminescence for optical data storage

The yearly growing quantities of dataflow create a desired requirement for advanced data storage methods. Luminescent materials, which possess adjustable parameters such as intensity, emission center, lifetime, polarization, etc., can be used to enable multi-dimensional optical data storage (ODS) with higher capacity, longer lifetime and lower energy consumption. Multiplexed storage based on luminescent materials can be easily manipulated by lasers, and has been considered as a feasible option to break through the limits of ODS density. Substantial progresses in laser-modified luminescence based ODS have been made during the past decade. In this review, we recapitulated recent advancements in laser-modified luminescence based ODS, focusing on the defect-related regulation, nucleation, dissociation, photoreduction, ablation, etc. We conclude by discussing the current challenges in laser-modified luminescence based ODS and proposing the perspectives for future development.     

基于圆柱型硅光子晶体的1×2光下路分束器(英文)

本文设计了一个基于圆柱型硅光子晶体自准直环形腔的1×2光下路分束器.该光下路分束器由三个分光镜和一个反射镜构成,其中窄光束依赖自准直效应进行传输.利用多光束干涉理论分析了光下路分束器中不同出口的理论透射谱,并且利用时域有限差分法对光下路分束器透射谱进行数值模拟计算,其结果与理论预测基本一致.当下路波长为1 550nm时,光下路分束器的自由光谱范围约为30nm,几乎涵盖了整个光通信C波段.由于其小尺寸和全硅材料,本文设计的1×2光下路分束器有望应用于未来的集成光路中.     

基于圆柱型硅光子晶体的1×2光下路分束器

本文设计了一个基于圆柱型硅光子晶体自准直环形腔的1×2光下路分束器.该光下路分束器由三个分光镜和一个反射镜构成,其中窄光束依赖自准直效应进行传输.利用多光束干涉理论分析了光下路分束器中不同出口的理论透射谱,并且利用时域有限差分法对光下路分束器透射谱进行数值模拟计算,其结果与理论预测基本一致.当下路波长为1 550 nm时,光下路分束器的自由光谱范围约为30 nm,几乎涵盖了整个光通信C波段.由于其小尺寸和全硅材料,本文设计的1×2光下路分束器有望应用于未来的集成光路中.     

Sliding acceleration of water droplets on a surface coated with fluoroalkylsilane and octadecyltrimethoxysilane

Both fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) and octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS) were coated on oxidized silicon wafers using soaking and CVD method. Smooth coatings with Ra values of less than 1 nm were attained. The slope of the sliding acceleration against the inverse of the droplet mass showed an inflection point. That point shifted to the direction of smaller droplets with decreasing FAS ratio to ODS. The water droplets’ length was increased when the sliding velocity was increased. Fluoroalkylsilane addition to ODS increases the interaction between water and the hydrophobic surface. Results showed that the sliding acceleration of a water droplet depends strongly on the surface ratio of these silanes.