共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Obuchowska A 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2008,390(5):1361-1371
A new electrochemical method for the quantitation of bacteria that is rapid, inexpensive, and amenable to miniaturization
is reported. Cyclic voltammetry was used to quantitate M. luteus, C. sporogenes, and E. coli JM105 in exponential and stationary phases, following exposure of screen-printed carbon working electrodes (SPCEs) to lysed
culture samples. Ferricyanide was used as a probe. The detection limits (3s) were calculated and the dynamic ranges for E. coli (exponential and stationary phases), M. luteus (exponential and stationary phases), and C. sporogenes (exponential phase) lysed by lysozyme were 3 × 104 to 5 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU) mL−1, 5 × 106 to 2 × 108 CFU mL−1 and 3 × 103 to 3 × 105 CFU mL−1, respectively. Good overlap was obtained between the calibration curves when the electrochemical signal was plotted against
the dry bacterial weight, or between the protein concentration in the bacterial lysate. In contrast, unlysed bacteria did
not change the electrochemical signal of ferricyanide. The results indicate that the reduction of the electrochemical signal
in the presence of the lysate is mainly due to the fouling of the electrode by proteins. Similar results were obtained with
carbon-paste electrodes although detection limits were better with SPCEs. The method described herein was applied to quantitation
of bacteria in a cooling tower water sample.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
2.
The electrochemical behaviors of metol on an ionic liquid N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate modified carbon paste electrode (IL-CPE) were studied in this paper. The results indicated
that a pair of well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks of metol appeared with the decrease of overpotential and the increase
of redox peak current, which was the characteristics of electrocatalytic oxidation. The electrocatalytic mechanism was discussed
and the electrochemical parameters were calculated with results of the charge-transfer coefficient (α) as 0.45, the electrode reaction rate constant (k
s) as 4.02 × 10−3 s−1, and the diffusion coefficient (D) as 6.35 × 10−5 cm2/s. Under the optimal conditions, the anodic peak current was linear with the metol concentration in the range of 5.0 × 10−6 ∼ 1.0 × 10−3 mol/L (n = 11, γ = 0.994) and the detection limit was estimated as 2.33 × 10−6 mol/L (3σ). The proposed method was successfully applied to determination of metol content in synthetic samples and photographic solutions. 相似文献
3.
D. M. Ortega-Sotelo J. G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez M. A. Neri-Flores M. Casales L. Martinez A. Martinez-Villafañe 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2011,15(9):1997-2004
The corrosion inhibition of X-70 pipeline steel in saltwater saturated with CO2 at 50 °C with carboxyamido imidazoline has been evaluated by using electrochemical techniques. Techniques included polarization
curves, linear polarization resistance, electrochemical impedance, and electrochemical noise measurements. Inhibitor concentrations
were 0, 1.6 × 10−5, 3.32 × 10−5, 8.1 × 10−5, 1.6 × 10−4, and 3.32 × 10−4 mol l−1. All techniques showed that the best corrosion inhibition was obtained by adding 8.1 × 10−5 mol l−1 of carboxyamido imidazoline. For inhibitor concentrations higher than 8.1 × 10−5 mol l−1 a desorption process occurs, and an explanation has been given for this phenomenon. 相似文献
4.
Ahmad Soleymanpour Bahram Garaili S. Masoud Nabavizadeh 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2008,139(12):1439-1445
Three platinum(II) complexes were synthesized and studied to characterize their ability as an anion carrier in a PVC membrane electrode. The polymeric membrane electrodes (PME) and also coated glassy carbon electrodes (CGCE) prepared with
one of these complexes showed excellent response characteristics to perchlorate ions. The electrodes exhibited Nernstian responses to ClO4
− ions over a wide concentration range from 1.5 × 10−6 to 2.7 × 10−1 M for PME and 5.0 × 10−7 to 1.9 × 10−1 M for CGCE with low detection limits (9.0 × 10−7 M for PME and 4.0 × 10−7 M for CGCE). The electrodes possess fast response time, satisfactory reproducibility, appropriate lifetime and, most importantly,
good selectivity toward ClO4
− relative to a variety of other common anions. The potentiometric response of the electrodes is independent of the pH of the test solution in the pH range 2.0–9.0. The proposed sensors were used in potentiometric determination of perchlorate ions in mineral water and urine
samples.
Correspondence: Ahmad Soleymanpour, Department of Chemistry, Damghan Basic Science University, Damghan, Iran. 相似文献
5.
Acetylcholinesterase-based biosensors for quantification of carbofuran, carbaryl, methylparaoxon, and dichlorvos in 5% acetonitrile 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Valdés-Ramírez G Cortina M Ramírez-Silva MT Marty JL 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2008,392(4):699-707
Amperometric acetylcholinesterase biosensors have been developed for quantification of the pesticides carbofuran, carbaryl,
methylparaoxon, and dichlorvos in phosphate buffer containing 5% acetonitrile. Three different biosensors were built using
three different acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes—AChE from electric eel, and genetically engineered (B394) and wild-type
(B1) AChE from Drosophila melanogaster. Enzymes were immobilized on cobalt(II) phthalocyanine-modified electrodes by entrapment in a photocrosslinkable polymer
(PVA-AWP). Each biosensor was tested against the four pesticides. Good operational stability, immobilisation reproducibility,
and storage stability were obtained for each biosensor. The best detection limits were obtained with the B394 enzyme for dichlorvos
and methylparaoxon (9.6 × 10−11 and 2.7 × 10−9 mol L−1, respectively), the B1 enzyme for carbofuran (4.5 × 10−9 mol L−1), and both the B1 enzyme and the AChE from electric eel for carbaryl (1.6 × 10−7 mol L−1). Finally, the biosensors were used for the direct detection of the pesticides in spiked apple samples. 相似文献
6.
Krzysztof Miecznikowski James A. Cox Adam Lewera Pawel J. Kulesza 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2000,4(4):199-204
We describe a sol-gel approach by which iron hexacyanoferrate is immobilized in silica in a manner suited to investigation
by electrochemistry in the absence of a contacting liquid phase. Such physicochemical parameters as concentration of redox
sites (C
o) and apparent (effective) diffusion coefficient (D
app) are estimated by performing cyclic voltammetric and potential step experiments in two time regimes, which are characterized
by linear and spherical diffusional patterns, respectively. Values of D
app and C
o thereby obtained are 2.0 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 and 1.4 × 10−2 mol dm−3. The D
app value is larger than expected for a typical solid redox-conducting material. Analogous measurements done in iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(III)
solutions of comparable concentrations, 1.0 × 10−2 and 5.0 × 10−3 mol dm−3, yield D
app on the level of 5–6 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. Thus, the dynamics of charge propagation in this sol-gel material is almost as high as in the liquid phase. The residual
water in the silica, along with the pore structure, are important to the overall mechanism of charge transport, which apparently
is limited by physical diffusion rather than electron self-exchange. Under conditions of a solid state voltammetric experiment
which utilizes an ultramicroelectrode, encapsulated iron hexacyanoferrate redox centers seem to be in the dispersed colloidal
state rather than in a form of the rigid polymeric film.
Received: 8 April 1999 / Accepted: 13 August 1999 相似文献
7.
Giovannoli C Anfossi L Baggiani C Giraudi G 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2008,392(3):385-393
Experimental work performed was aimed at the assessment of a competitive capillary electrophoresis immunoassay with laser-induced
fluorescence (CEIA-LIF) detection for the determination of the Cry1Ab endotoxin from Bacillus thuringensis. The binding constant of a monoclonal antibody, raised against the insecticide protein Cry1Ab, was determined on a microplate
by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with that obtained in-capillary under nonequilibrium separation
conditions. The two binding constants appear comparable—(5.0 ± 1.2) × 106 M−1 and (9.06 ± 5.7) × 106 M−1—reflecting good preservation of the antibody binding behavior in the capillary electrophoresis format. These results allow
use of a calibration curve possible between 0.2 and 150 nM of endotoxin protein, with a limit of detection of 0.5 nM (33 μg L−1). Preliminary recovery experiments on maize extracts spiked with known amounts of Cry1Ab endotoxin also showed promising
results in detecting the toxin in complex real matrices. 相似文献
8.
Mahmoud Labib Martin Hedström Magdy Amin Bo Mattiasson 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,397(3):1217-1224
A novel technique for monitoring of low molecular mass analytes using a flow-injection capacitive biosensor is presented.
The method is based on the ability of a small molecular mass analyte to displace a large analyte–carrier conjugate from the
binding sites of an immobilized biorecognition element with weak affinity to both compounds. A model study was performed on
glucose as the small molecular mass analyte. In the absence of glucose, binding of a glucose polymer or a glycoconjugate to
concanavalin A results in a capacitance decrease. Upon introduction of glucose, it displaces a part of the bound glucose polymer
or glycoconjugate leading to a partial restoration of capacitance. Experimental results show that the change in capacitance
depends linearly on glucose concentration within the range from 1.0 × 10−5 to 1.0 × 10−1 M, corresponding to 1.8 μg ml−1 to 18 mg ml−1 in a logarithmic plot, with a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−6 (0.18 μg ml−1) under optimized conditions. In addition, by modifying the molecular mass of the glucose polymer, amount of biorecognition
element, and buffer composition, we were able to tune the analyte-sensing range. The developed technique has the benefits
of expanded dynamic range, high sensitivity, and excellent reusability. 相似文献
9.
Xiaoying Liu Yonghong Li Xinsheng Liu Xiandong Zeng Bo Kong Shenglian Luo Wanzhi Wei 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2012,16(3):883-889
A simple sensor based on bare carbon ionic liquid electrode was fabricated for simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene
isomers in 0.1 mol L−1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). The oxidation peak potential of hydroquinone was about 0.136 V, catechol was about 0.240 V,
and resorcinol 0.632 V by differential pulse voltammetric measurements, which indicated that the dihydroxybenzene isomers
could be separated absolutely. The sensor showed wide linear behaviors in the range of 5.0 × 10−7–2.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 for hydroquinone and catechol, 3.5 × 10−6–1.535 × 10−4 mol L−1 for resorcinol, respectively. And the detection limits of the three dihydroxybenzene isomers were 5.0 × 10−8, 2.0 × 10−7, 5.0 × 10−7 mol L−1, respectively (S/N = 3). The proposed method could be applied to the determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in artificial wastewater and
the recovery was from 93.9% to 104.6%. 相似文献
10.
A rapid, highly sensitive and selective fluorogenic method for the determination of traces of nitrite is described. It is
based on the reaction of weakly fluorescent 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(3,4-diaminophenyl)-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacence (DAMBO) and nitrite in acidic aqueous solution to give 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(5-benzotriazolyl)-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (DAMBO-T), which is highly fluorescent. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters are investigated
to enhance the sensitivity of the method. The fluorescence enhancement at 507 nm is linearly related to the concentration
of nitrite in the range of 6.0 × 10−9–5.0 × 10−7 mol L−1 with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.9995 (n = 10) and a detection limit of 1.0 × 10−10 mol L−1. The R.S.D. is 1.12% (n = 10). The method is applied to the determination of nitrite in human saliva samples with the recoveries of 96. 24–105.30%.
Correspondence: Ke-Jing Huang, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China 相似文献
11.
The polymerization of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) on l-tyrosine (Tyr) functionalized glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its electro-catalytic oxidation towards ascorbic acid (AA)
had been studied in this report. l-Tyrosine was first covalently grafted on GCE surface via electrochemical oxidation, which was followed by the electrochemical
polymerization of OPD on the l-tyrosine functionalized GCE. Then, the poly(o-phenylenediamine)/l-tyrosine composite film modified GCE (POPD-Tyr/GCE) was obtained. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission
scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrochemical techniques have been used to characterize the grafting of l-tyrosine and the polymerization and morphology of OPD film on GCE surface. Due to the doping of the carboxylic functionalities
in l-tyrosine molecules, the POPD film showed good redox activity in neutral medium, and thus, the POPD-Tyr/GCE exhibited excellent
electrocatalytic response to AA in 0.1 mol l−1 phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 6.8). The anode peak potential of AA shifted from 0.58 V at GCE to 0.35 V at POPD-Tyr/GCE
with a greatly enhanced current response. A linear calibration graph was obtained over the AA concentration range of 2.5 × 10−4–1.5 × 10–3 mol l−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The detection limit (3δ) for AA was 9.2 × 10−5 mol l−1. The modified electrode showed good stability and reproducibility and had been used for the determination of AA content in
vitamin C tablet with satisfactory results. 相似文献
12.
F. Ceyda Dudak İsmail H. Boyacı Agnese Jurkevica Mahmud Hossain Zoraida Aquilar H. Brian Halsall Carl J. Seliskar William R. Heineman 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,393(3):949-956
A rapid and convenient assay system was developed to detect viable Escherichia coli in water. The target bacteria were recovered from solution by immunomagnetic separation and incubated in tryptic soy broth
with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside, which induces formation of β-galactosidase in viable bacteria. Lysozyme was used to lyse E. coli cells and release the β-galactosidase. β-Galactosidase converted 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactoside to 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), which was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry using excitation and emission
wavelengths of 355 and 460 nm, respectively. Calibration graphs of 4-MU fluorescence intensity versus E. coli concentration showed a detection range between 8 × 104 and 1.6 × 107 cfu mL−1, with a total analysis time of less than 3 h. The advantage of this method is that it detects viable cells because it is
based on the activity of the enzyme intrinsic to live E. coli. 相似文献
13.
Jun Yue Bai Liang Wang Hong Jing Wang Peng Fei Huang Yu Qing Zhao Sheng Di Fan 《Mikrochimica acta》2006,156(3-4):321-326
The electrochemical behavior of epinephrine (EP) at a mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) self-assembled monolayer modified gold electrode
was studied. The MAA/Au electrode is demonstrated to promote the electrochemical response of epinephrine by cyclic voltammetry.
The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed. The diffusion coefficient D of EP is 6.85 × 10−6 cm2 s−1. In 0.1 mol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.20), a sensitive oxidation peak was observed at 0.177 V, and the peak current is proportional to the
concentration of EP in the range of 1.0 × 10−5–2.0 × 10−4 mol L−1 and 1.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−6 mol L−1. The detection limit is 5 × 10−8 mol L−1. The modified electrode is highly stable and can be applied to the determination of EP in practical injection samples. The
method is simple, quick, sensitive and accurate. 相似文献
14.
Jahan Bakhsh Raoof Reza Ojani Maryam Ramine 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2009,13(9):1311-1319
A p-duroquinone (tetramethyl-p-benzoquinone) modified carbon paste electrode (DMCPE) was employed to study the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite in
aqueous solutions using cyclic voltammetry (CV), double potential-step chronoamperometry, and differential pulse voltammetry
(DPV). It has found that under an optimum condition (pH 1.00), the reduction of nitrite at the surface of DMCPE occurs at
a potential of about 660 mV less negative than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode (CPE). The catalytic rate constant,
k′h, based on Andrieux and Saveant theoretical model was calculated as for scan rate 10 mV s-1. Also, the apparent diffusion coefficient, D
app, was found as 2.5 × 10–10 and 3.61 × 10–5 cm2 s-1
for p-duroquinone in carbon paste matrix and nitrite in aqueous buffered solution, respectively. The values for αnα were estimated to be −0.65 and −0.19 for the reduction of nitrite at the surface of DMCPE and CPE, respectively. The electrocatalytic
reduction peak currents showed a linear dependence on the nitrite concentration, and a linear analytical curve was obtained
in the ranges of 5.0 × 10–5 M to 8.0 × 10–3 M and 6.0 × 10–6 M to 8.0 × 10–4 M of nitrite concentration with CV and DPV methods, respectively. The detection limits (2σ) were determined as 2.5 × 10–5 M and 4.3 × 10–6 M by CV and DPV methods. This method was also applied as a simple, selective and precise method for determination of nitrite
in real samples (the weak liquor from the wood and paper factory of Mazandaran province in Iran) by using a standard addition
method. 相似文献
15.
Ai-Lin Liu Jia-Dong Wang Wei Chen Xing-Hua Xia Yuan-Zhong Chen Xin-Hua Lin 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2012,16(4):1343-1351
A simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for simultaneous electrochemical determination of procaine and its metabolite
(p-aminobenzoic acid, PABA) for pharmaceutical quality control and pharmacokinetic research was developed using a graphite paste
electrode. The differential pulse voltammetric results revealed that procaine and p-aminobenzoic acid, respectively, showed well-defined anodic oxidation peaks on a carbon paste electrode with a current peak
separation of 155 mV at a scan rate of 100 mV s−1. This well separation of the current peaks for these two compounds in voltammetry enables us to simultaneously determine
them. Good linearity (r > 0.998) between oxidation peak current and concentration was obtained in the range of 5.0 × 10−7–5.0 × 10−5 M for procaine and 5.0 × 10−7–2.0 × 10−5 M for PABA in pH 4.50 acetate buffer solution. The detection limit for both analytes is 5 × 10−8 M (S/N = 3:1). The present voltammetric method has been successfully used to determine trace p-aminobenzoic acid in procaine hydrochloride injection and procaine in plasma with a linear relationship of current to its
concentration ranging from 1.0 × 10−6 to 5.0 × 10−5 M (correlation coefficient of 0.9981) with a low detection limit of 5.0 × 10−7 M (S/N = 3:1). This validated method is promising to the study of pharmacokinetics in Sprague–Dawley rat and rabbit plasma after
an intravenous administration of procaine hydrochloride injection. 相似文献
16.
We used a carbon paste electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a working electrode and studied the electrochemical
behavior of zirconium-alizarin red S complex on it. It was found that the modified electrode exhibited a significant catalytic
effect toward the reduction of free alizarin red S and the complex. The second derivative linear scan voltammograms of the
complex were recorded by a polarographic analyser from 0 to −1000 mV (vs. SCE), and it was found that the complex can be adsorbed
on the surface of the modified electrode, yielding a peak at about −470 mV, corresponding to the reduction of alizarin red
S in the complex. The linear range was found to be 2.0 × 10−11–8.0 × 10−7 mol L−1, and the detection limit was 1.0 × 10−11 mol L−1 (S/N = 3) for 3 min accumulation. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of zirconium in
the ore samples.
Correspondence: Pei-Hong Deng, Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang Hunan 421008,
P.R. China 相似文献
17.
Huang KJ Zhang M Xie WZ Zhang HS Feng YQ Wang H 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2007,388(4):939-946
A simple, sensitive, selective, and low-cost method is proposed for rapidly determining nitric oxide (NO) in some rat tissues.
Polymer monolith microextraction (PMME) using a poly(methacrylic acid–ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (MAA-EGDMA) monolithic
column was combined with derivatization of NO using 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(3′,4′-diaminophenyl)-difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (TMDABODIPY), and this was used to analyze the derivatives of NO by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
with fluorescence detection at λ
ex/λ
em = 498/507 nm. The baseline separation of TMDABODIPY and its NO derivative is performed under simple conditions in which a
C18 column is used and eluted with 50 mmol L−1 ethanolamine and methanol. The conditions for the extraction of NO derivatives were optimized. The limit of detection of
NO was 2 × 10−12 mol L−1 (S/N = 3). The linearity range of the method was 9 × 10−11−4.5 × 10−8 mol L−1. The interday and intraday relative standard deviations were less than 5%. The proposed method was successfully applied to
the determination of NO levels in some rat tissue samples including heart, kidney, and liver with recoveries varying from
87.1 to 95.2%. 相似文献
18.
A sensitive adsorptive anodic stripping procedure for the determination of trace zirconium at a carbon paste electrode (CPE)
has been developed. The method is based on adsorptive accumulation of the Zr(IV)-alizarin red S(ARS) complex onto the surface
of the CPE, followed by oxidation of adsorbed species. The optimal experimental conditions include the use of 0.10 mol · L−1 ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.3), ARS, an accumulation potential of 0.20 V (versus SCE), an accumulation time of 2 min, a
scan rate of 200 mV · s−1 and a second-order derivative linear scan mode. The oxidation peak for the complex appears at 0.69 V. The peak current is
proportional to the concentration of Zr(IV) over the range of 1.0 × 10−9–2.0 × 10−7 mol · L−1, and the detection limit is 3 × 10−10 mol · L−1 for a 2 min adsorption time. The relative standard deviations (n = 8) for 5.0 × 10−8 and 5.0 × 10−9 mol · L−1 Zr(IV) are 3.3 and 4.8%, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of zirconium in ore samples with
satisfactory results. 相似文献
19.
Using 9-allylaminoacridine synthesized in this laboratory as the fluorescent agent an fiber optode for p-nitrophenol (p-Np) has been prepared. 9-Allylaminoacridine has a polymerizable olefin unit and can be copolymerized with hydrophilic monomer
2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) under UV irradiation. On silanized activated glass surface a 9-allylaminoacridine containing
HPMA membrane has been covalently bound forming a stable optode membrane free of leaching problem. The analytical performance
characteristics including reversibility, reproducibility, short-term stability and interference have been evaluated. The optode
has relatively long lifetime with the spectral response characteristics not changing after one month use. The plot of log(I
0/I − 1) versus logarithm of the p-NP solution concentration can piecewise be fitted with the straight line of the form of Stern-Volmer equation, with a detection
limit of 9.0 × 10−8 mol L−1. The relative standard deviation obtained from eight separate determinations for two p-NP concentrations, 1.0 × 10−5 and 4.0 × 10−4 mol L−1, are 2.36% and 1.34%, respectively. p-Np can be determined in water samples with satisfactory recoveries.
Received April 13, 2000. Revision September 28, 2000. 相似文献
20.
The electrode characteristics and selectivities of PVC-based thiocyanate selective polymeric membrane electrode (PME) incorporating
the newly synthesized zinc complex of 6,7:14,15-Bzo2-10,11-(4-methylbenzene)-[15]-6,8,12,14-tetraene-9,12-N2-1,5-O2 (I
1
) and zinc complex of 6,7:14,15-Bzo2-10,11-(4-methylbenzene)-[15]-6,14-diene-9,12-dimethylacrylate-9,12-N2-1,5-O2 (I
2
) are reported here. The best response was observed with the membrane having a composition of I2:PVC:o-NPOE:HTAB in the ratio of 6:33:59:2 (w/w; milligram). This electrode exhibited Nernstian slope for thiocyanate ions over working concentration range of 4.4 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 with detection limit of 2.2 × 10−7 mol L−1. The performance of this electrode was compared with coated graphite electrode (CGE), which showed better response characteristics
w.r.t Nernstian slope 59.0 ± 0.2 mV decade−1 activity, wide concentration range of 8.9 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 and detection limit of 6.7 × 10−8 mol L−1. The response time for CGE and PME was found to be 8 and 10 s, respectively. The proposed electrode (CGE) was successfully
applied to direct determination of thiocyanate in biological and environmental samples and also as indicator electrode in
potentiometric titration of SCN− ion. 相似文献