The effect of Nb and Ni addition on crystallization behavior of amorphous–nanocrystalline Fe–Cr–B–Si alloys

The crystallization behavior of amorphous Fe–Cr–B–Si alloys in the presence of Ni and Nb elements was the goal of this study. In this regard, four different amorphous–nanocrystalline Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅M₁₀ (M=Fe, Nb, Ni, Ni_0.5Nb_0.5) alloys were prepared using mechanical alloying technique up to 20 h. Based on the achieved results, in contrast to Fe₅₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅ alloy, the amorphous phase can be successfully prepared in the presence of Ni and Nb in composition. Although the crystallization mechanism of prepared amorphous phase in different alloys was the same, the Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅Nb₁₀ alloy showed higher thermal stability in comparison with other samples. The crystallization activation energy of this amorphous alloy was estimated about 410 kJ mol^?1 which was much higher than Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅Ni₁₀ (195.5 kJ mol^?1) and Fe₄₀Cr₂₀Si₁₅B₁₅Ni₅Nb₅ (360 kJ mol^?1) samples. The calculated values of Avrami exponent (1.5 < n < 2.2) indicated that the crystallization process in different alloying systems is the same and to be governed by a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled growth.     

电镀Fe－Cr－Ni合金显微结构研究

电镀Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ合金显微结构研究①李东林＊刘建平郭芳洲华建荣（南方冶金学院化工系,江西赣州３４１０００）Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ合金,一直是电镀工作者研究的对象［１,２］．Ａ．Ｍ．Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ［３］等人从多种Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的水溶液中镀出了Ｆｅ－Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ...     

Decomposition of methane over alumina supported Fe and Ni–Fe bimetallic catalyst: Effect of preparation procedure and calcination temperature

Catalytic decomposition of methane has been studied extensively as the production of hydrogen and formation of carbon nanotube is proven crucial from the scientific and technological point of view. In that context, variation of catalyst preparation procedure, calcination temperature and use of promoters could significantly alter the methane conversion, hydrogen yield and morphology of carbon nanotubes formed after the reaction. In this work, Ni promoted and unpromoted Fe/Al₂O₃ catalysts have been prepared by impregnation, sol–gel and co-precipitation method with calcination at two different temperatures. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ physisorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. The catalytic activity was tested for methane decomposition reaction. The catalytic activity was high when calcined at 500 °C temperature irrespective of the preparation method. However while calcined at high temperature the catalyst prepared by impregnation method showed a high activity. It is found from XRD and TPR characterization that disordered iron oxides supported on alumina play an important role for dissociative chemisorptions of methane generating molecular hydrogen. The transmission electron microscope technique results of the spent catalysts showed the formation of carbon nanotube which is having length of 32–34 nm. The Fe nanoparticles are present on the tip of the carbon nanotube and nanotube grows by contraction–elongation mechanism. Among three different methodologies impregnation method was more effective to generate adequate active sites in the catalyst surface. The Ni promotion enhances the reducibility of Fe/Al₂O₃ oxides showing a higher catalytic activity. The catalyst is stable up to six hours on stream as observed in the activity results.     

化学沉积Ni–Fe–P合金的冲蚀特性研究

采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射等方法,研究了化学沉积Ni–Fe–P合金的组成和结构,并对其冲蚀性进行了研究。结果表明,随着镀液中硫酸亚铁浓度增大,化学沉积Ni–Fe–P镀层中的铁含量增大,磷含量下降。化学沉积Ni–Fe–P镀层的腐蚀电位比化学镀Ni–P镀层的腐蚀电位高。在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液组成的悬浮液冲击下,碳化硅颗粒粒度为124μm时,镀层质量损失出现最大值,随着悬浮液流速的增大镀层质量损失增加。     

Spontaneous near-substrate composition modulation in electrodeposited Fe–Co–Ni alloys

Conventional and reverse depth profile analysis of electrodeposited Fe–Co–Ni alloys was performed by secondary neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS). It was found that the reverse sputtering method gave a much better depth resolution at the vicinity of the substrate. The reverse SNMS spectra showed that the deposition of Fe–Co–Ni alloys starts with the formation of an Fe-rich zone followed by an increase in Co concentration, then the nickel content increases and a steady-state alloy composition is achieved. At high current density, the initial depth pattern reproduces itself twice before the composition becomes stable. It was concluded that the varying depth profile is a consequence of the anomalous nature of the codeposition of the alloy components, the depletion of the electrolyte with respect to the metal salts, and the dependence of the intensity of the hydrogen evolution on the deposit surface composition.     

Synthesis of quasi-crystalline phases in the Al–Cu–Fe–Cr system

Phase equilibria in the Al–Cu–Fe system alloyed with 5% Cr were studied. Based on the data of X-ray powder diffraction analysis, electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis, the effect of temperature on i ? d phase transitions in alloys Al₆₅Cu₂₅Fe₅Cr₅ and Al₇₀Cu₂₀Fe₅Cr₅. In the Al–Cu–Fe–Cr system, multiphase structures were detected; these structures are mixtures of quasi-crystalline and approximant phases, the contents and morphologies of which depend on the composition of the initial mixture and the crystallization rate.     

Electrodeposition of Multilayered Ni–Cr Films from Sulfate–Oxalate Electrolytes

As shown by scanning Auger electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy, multilayered Ni–Cr thin films can be deposited under the action of periodic currents from sulfate–oxalate solutions containing nickel and chromium ions. The chromium-rich layers have an amorphous structure. In the nickel/chromium interphase region, the carbon content is elevated. Nickel layers contain admixtures of a hydroxide nature.     

Formation of active phases of Fe/C,Cr/C and Fe–Cr/C catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane into ethylene using CO₂ as an oxidant at temperatures of 650–750 °C was carried out over Fe/C, Cr/C and Fe–Cr/C catalysts deposited on a carbon support. Before and after the reaction the catalysts were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), in situ magnetometry and transmission electron microscopy methods. The correlation between activity of Fe/C, Cr/C and Fe–Cr/C catalytic systems and their phase composition was established.     

Spatial determination of diffusible hydrogen concentrations proximate to pits in a Fe–Cr–Ni–Mo steel using the Scanning Kelvin Probe

The diffusible hydrogen concentration (C_H,diff) was mapped spatially, proximate to acidic corrosion pits formed in MgCl₂ droplets, on an ultra-high strength stainless steel using a Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP). A secondary hardened martensitic stainless steel (Fe–11Ni–12Cr–1Mo–0.005C–0.02Mn wt%) was evaluated. Predetermined, uniform C_H,diff levels quantified by electrochemical extraction after homogeneous cathodic charging, were calibrated versus the SKP potential at 57% RH (0.16 kPa H₂O, 20.26 kPa O₂, 79.03 kPa N_2, and 0.55 kPa residual gas species) [1]. Calibration enabled estimation of C_H,diff near pitted surfaces. Cross-sections of corrosion damage sites after pitting were also examined to determine the distribution of the C_H,diff perpendicular to the exposure surface.     

The polythermal section of the Cu–Fe–Ni–S phase diagram constructed using directional crystallization and thermal analysis

The polythermal section of the Cu–Fe–Ni–S liquid–solid diagram in a field of equilibrium between sulfide melt L and monosulfide solid solution has been constructed using the quazi-equilibrium directional crystallization of melt Cu = 10.0, Fe = 38.5, Ni = 2.5, S = 49.0 mol% and DTA. The curves of distribution of Ni, Fe, Cu, and S in the sample were constructed. These data were used for determining the crystallization path in concentration tetrahedron and for calculating the distribution coefficients of components between solid and liquid solutions. To plot the liquidus line with the help of the DTA method, we determined the melting points of specially synthesized samples.     

X-ray Fluorescence Characterization of Co/Ni–Cr Structures

A procedure was developed for the determination of the elemental composition and thickness of double-layer Co/Ni–Cr films on Polikor by X-ray fluorescence. Correction factors taking into account mutual interferences of elements in the system under study were calculated. The density of the film-forming materials was determined experimentally. The performance characteristics of the procedure were estimated.     

Combinatorial screening of ternary Pt–Ni–Cr catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation

Methanol electro-oxidation activity of ternary Pt–Ni–Cr system was studied by using a combinatorial screening method. A Pt–Ni–Cr thin-film library was prepared by sputtering and quickly characterized by a multichannel multielectrode analyzer. Among the 63 different composition thin-film catalysts, Pt₂₈Ni₃₆Cr₃₆ showed the highest methanol electro-oxidation activity and good stability. This new composition was also studied in its powder form by synthesizing and characterizing Pt₂₈Ni₃₆Cr₃₆/C catalyst. In chronoamperometry testing, the Pt₂₈Ni₃₆Cr₃₆/C catalyst exhibited “decay-free” behavior during 600 s operation by keeping its current density up to 97.1% of its peak current density, while the current densities of Pt/C and Pt₅₀Ru₅₀/C catalysts decreased to 14.0% and 60.3% of their peak current densities, respectively. At 600 s operation, current density of the Pt₂₈Ni₃₆Cr₃₆/C catalyst was 23.8 A g_{noble metal}⁻¹, while that of those of the Pt/C and Pt₅₀Ru₅₀/C catalysts were 2.74 and 18.8 A g_{noble metal}⁻¹, respectively.     

Studies on structural and optical properties of pure and transition metals (Ni,Fe and co-doped Ni–Fe) doped tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles for anti-microbial activity

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this present work, pure and transition metal ions (Ni, Fe and co-doped Ni–Fe) doped SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a simple chemical...     

Effect of hydrogen reduction temperature on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe–Ni powders

The effect of hydrogen reduction temperature on the properties of Fe–Ni powders was described. The mixed powders of Fe-oxide and NiO were prepared by chemical solution mixing of nitrates powders and calcination at 350 °C for 2 h in air. The calcined powders formed small agglomeration with an average particle size of 100 nm. The microstructure and magnetic properties were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetry, differential thermal analyzer, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Microstructure and thermal analysis revealed that the Fe-oxide and NiO phase were changed to FeNi₃ phase in the temperature range of 245–310 °C, and by heat-up to 690 °C the FeNi₃ phase was transformed to γ-FeNi phase. The reduced powder at 350 °C showed saturation magnetization of 76.3 emu/g and coercivity of 205.5 Oe, while the reduced powders at 690 °C exhibited saturation magnetization of 84.0 emu/g and coercivity of 14.0 Oe. The change of magnetic properties was discussed by the observed microstructural features.

     

Heat-treatment influence on Ni–Fe–Cu–Mo nanocrystalline alloy obtained by mechanical alloying

The 77Ni14Fe5Cu4Mo (wt%) powders have been obtained by dry mechanical alloying of elemental powders in a planetary mill under argon atmosphere for milling durations ranging from 2 to 28?h. The alloy formation is obtained after 12?C16?h of milling, as shown by the X-ray diffraction and magnetic studies. The crystallite mean size is 13?±?2?nm after 28?h of milling. An optimal heat-treatment temperature was chosen after the analysis of the DSC signals. and the samples were heated at 350?°C for different durations ranging from 0.5 to 4?h. The heat treatment was continued to enhance the alloy formation and to eliminate the internal stresses induced during the milling process. The evolution of the phases amount during the heat treatment was calculated from the X-ray patterns using the Rietveld procedure.     

Phase relations in the Nb–Ni–Cr system at 1,100?°C

Abstract  

The isothermal cross section through the ternary phase diagram Nb–Ni–Cr at 1,100 °C was constructed by means of diffusion couples and equilibrated alloys. It was found that nearly 28 at.% of Cr can be dissolved in the μ phase (Nb₇Ni₆) at this temperature, and the solubility of chromium in NbNi₃ is approximately 5 at.%. Under these circumstances the low-temperature (cubic) modification of the NbCr₂ Laves phase can dissolve up to 6 at.% of nickel, but further increase of the Ni content (up to approximately 10 at.%) stabilizes the hexagonal (high-temperature) modification of the Laves phase. The presence of this pseudo-ternary compound which is in equilibrium with all binary intermetallics and body-centred cubic (BCC) Nb- and Cr-based solid solutions largely determines the topology of the isotherm at 1,100 °C. The formation of this phase was also observed in the reaction zone between Nb and Ni–Cr solid solution when chromium concentration exceeded 15 at.%.     

ICP–AES法测定金属钼中微量Fe,Ni

采用ICP–AES法测定金属钼中Fe,Ni含量,以盐酸–硝酸–氢氟酸溶解样品,试验了基体元素和共存元素对Fe,Ni的光谱干扰,Fe,Ni的分析谱线分别为238.204 nm,341.477 nm。测定Fe,Ni的线性范围均为0.001%~0.01%,线性相关系数分别为0.999 4,0 999 8,检出限分别为0.000 01%,0.000 04%。方法的加标回收率为95.7%~115.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.36%~17.82%(n=8)。该方法快速、简便,能够满足金属钼中含量范围为0.001%~0.01%的Fe,Ni元素的检测要求。