自由电子激光器

<正> 一、自由电子激光器的特点自由电子激光器是一种新型激光器。它的基本特点是:不需要气体、液体或固体作为工作物质,而是由高能电子束的能量转变为激光的能量,也可以说自由电子激光器的工作物质就是自由电子。它和已有的激光器比较起来,具有如下优点。     

北京自由电子激光光学谐振腔动态失谐研究

提出微波系统宏脉冲内相位任意变化的方法,改善自由电子激光功率输出.以自由电子激光功率输出为指示,用计算机控制任意函数发生器改变宏脉冲内微波相位,短的建立时间和大的饱和功率会同时获得.北京红外自由电子激光器进行的实验证明这种方法可以有效地提高自由电子激光的功率输出.     

磁场逐渐增强的摇摆器

研究了用磁场增强摇摆器来提高自由电子激光器效率的机制．采用KMR方程，考虑空间电荷效应，模拟计算发现自由电子激光器的效率有了很大的提高，而且电子束能散度越大，对提高自由电子激光器效率越有帮助．因此采用磁场增强摇摆器能充分利用加速器的能量来莸得更高的自由电子激光器能量 关键词：     

自由电子激光器中电子与波的相互作用及其增益分析

分析了自由电子激光器中电子与波的相互作用过程，导出了相应的增益表达式。结果表明，它不仅能很好地反映自由电子激光器中相干辐射，而且表明了具有激光输出饱和特性。分析结果更加符合实验情况。 关键词：     

导引场下电磁泵浦自由电子激光的非线性理论

本文以Vlasov-Maxwell方程组为基础,用非线性动力学理论研究了存在导引场情况下电磁波泵浦的自由电子激光器的作用机制,导出了线性及非线性色散关系式,求出了非线性不稳定性增长率和自由电子激光的能量转换效率.结果表明,只要合理地选择参量条件,附加导引场可以大大提高自由电子激光的增长率和能量转换效率.     

渐变摇摆场拉曼自由电子激光实验

采用渐变摇摆场技术进行了拉曼型自由电子激光实验,获得了最大辐射功率31MW、波长8～10.4mm的微波辐射输出,电子能量转换效率达9.68％。实验表明,对强流低能(0.45MeV)电子束拉曼自由电子激光器,渐变摇摆场比恒定摇摆场的自由电子激光器能量转换效率高2.6倍。     

双波荡器自由电子激光理论

给出了双波荡器自由电子激光器的通用理论.在双波荡器自由电子激光器中,引入了一个周期长度非常接近主波荡器中电子束感应加速振荡周期的附加波荡器.推导出了一套自治方程组描述双波荡器中自由电子激光场演变过程,并分别给出了低增益、高增益和饱和三种情况下的解析解.研究表明,适当选择附加波荡器的参数,可以提高自由电子激光器的增益或转换效率     

康普顿型谐波自由电子激光器的增益与饱和特性

本文用微扰方法计算了电子分布函数，得到了康普顿型谐波自由电子激光器小信号增益及饱和增益的公式，最后对模型及结果进行了分析与讨论。     

北京自由电子激光器的光学速调管结构

采用KMR方程,结合即将运转的北京自由电子激光器总体实验参数,对其光学速调管结构研究.详细分析计算输入功率、电子束能散度、色散磁场、漂移空间长度及位置、以及电子束流等参数对光学速调管增益的影响.基于北京自由电子激光器的振荡器结构,提出一组对电子束能散度要求适中的实用化光学速调管参数.并对其饱和功率、功率谱以及渐变摆动器进行分析.     

北京自由电子激光器外注入实验系统设计研究

北京自由电子激光器(BFEL)是一台工作于中红外区Compton型FEL振荡器。本文结合BFEL装置,设计了一套完整的激光外注入光路,利用声光调QCO_2激光器产生的10.6μm激光做激励源注入到BFEL光腔中,以缩短振荡建立时间,提高BFEL输出能量,改善输出激光的相干性。模拟计算结果是:当BFEL光腔中的外注入光强为自发辐射强度的10~5倍时,可使饱和振荡建立时间缩短35％,输出能量提高2倍。     

Effect of normalized plasma frequency on electron phase-space orbits in a free-electron laser

Irregular phase-space orbits of the electrons are harmful to the electron-beam transport quality and hence deteriorate the performance of a free-electron laser （FEL）. In previous literature, it was demonstrated that the irregularity of the electron phase-space orbits could be caused in several ways, such as varying the wiggler amplitude and inducing sidebands. Based on a Hamiltonian model with a set of self-consistent differential equations, it is shown in this paper that the electron- beam normalized plasma frequency functions not only couple the electron motion with the FEL wave, which results in the evolution of the FEL wave field and a possible power saturation at a large beam current, but also cause the irregularity of the electron phase-space orbits when the normalized plasma frequency has a sufficiently large value, even if the initial energy of the electron is equal to the synchronous energy or the FEL wave does not reach power saturation.     

Experimental characterization of nonlinear harmonic radiation from a visible self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser at saturation

Nonlinear harmonic radiation was observed using the VISA self-amplified, spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) at saturation. The gain lengths, spectra, and energies of the three lowest SASE FEL modes were experimentally characterized. The measured nonlinear harmonic gain lengths and center spectral wavelengths decrease with harmonic number, n, which is consistent with nonlinear harmonic theory. Both the second and third nonlinear harmonics energies are about 1% of the fundamental energy. These experimental results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of using nonlinear harmonic SASE FEL radiation to produce coherent, femtosecond x rays.     

北京大学SASE FEL的参数优化研究

SASEFEL是获得短波长X射线激光的最佳途径,SASEFEL的理论和实验研究是当前FEL研究的热点.本文利用北京大学超导加速器装置提供的电子束,通过解析理论和3D模型的数值模拟方法得到了实现SASEFEL的扭摆器的优化参数,并讨论了电子束的束流品质参数对SASEFEL的饱和长度和功率的影响,对加速器的设计和调试有重要的参考意义.     

Optimization of single-step tapering amplitude and energy detuning for high-gain FELs

We put forward a method to optimize the single-step tapering amplitude of undulator strength and initial energy tuning of electron beam to maximize the saturation power of high gain free-electron lasers(FELs),based on the physics of longitudinal electron beam phase space. Using the FEL simulation code GENESIS,we numerically demonstrate the accuracy of the estimations for parameters corresponding to the linac coherent light source and the Tesla test facility.     

Efficiency enhancement of a two-beam free-electron laser using a nonlinearly tapered wiggler

A nonlinear and non-averaged model of a two-beam free-electron laser(FEL) wiggler that is tapered nonlinearly in the absence of slippage is presented.The two beams are assumed to have different energies,and the fundamental resonance of the higher energy beam is at the third harmonic of the lower energy beam.By using Maxwell’s equations and the full Lorentz force equation of motion for the electron beams,coupled differential equations are derived and solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.The amplitude of the wiggler field is assumed to decrease nonlinearly when the saturation of the third harmonic occurs.By simulation,the optimum starting point of the tapering and the slopes for reducing the wiggler amplitude are found.This technique can be applied to substantially improve the efficiency of the two-beam FEL in the XUV and X-ray regions.The effect of tapering on the dynamical stability of the fast electron beam is also studied.     

New method for energy compensation of free electron laser

In this paper the theory of FEL operation in a longitudinal uniform magnetic field integrated with a synchronous precessing electro-magnetic field is expounded in view of the main problems in FEL development. A new energy compensation method is suggested as a new way and basis for the development of FEL research.     

Generation of doublet spectral lines at self-seeded X-ray FELs

Self-seeding schemes, consisting of two undulators with a monochromator in between, aim to reduce the bandwidth of SASE X-ray FELs. We recently proposed to use a new method of monochromatization exploiting a single crystal in Bragg transmission geometry for self-seeding in the hard X-ray range. The obvious and technically possible extension is to use such kind of monochromator setup with two (or more) crystals arranged in a series to spectrally filter the SASE radiation at two (or more) closely-spaced wavelengths within the FEL gain band. This allows for the production of doublet (or multiplet) spectral lines. Exploitations of such mode of operation involve any situation where there is a large change in cross-section over a narrow wavelength range. In this paper we consider the simultaneous operation of the LCLS hard X-ray FEL at two closely spaced wavelengths. We present simulation results for the LCLS baseline, and we show that this method can produce fully coherent radiation shared between two longitudinal modes. Mode spacing can be easily tuned within the FEL gain band, i.e. within 10 eV. An interesting aspect of the proposed scheme is a way of modulating the electron bunch at optical frequencies without a seed quantum laser. In fact, the XFEL output intensity contains an oscillating “mode-beat” component whose frequency is related to the frequency difference between the pair of longitudinal modes considered. Thus, at saturation one obtains FEL-induced modulations of energy loss and energy spread in the electron bunch at optical frequency. These modulations can be converted into density modulation at the same optical frequency with the help of a weak chicane installed behind the baseline undulator. Powerful coherent radiation can then be generated with the help of an optical transition radiation (OTR) station, which have important applications. In this paper we briefly consider how the doublet structure of the XFEL generation spectra can be monitored by an optical spectrometer. Furthermore, the OTR coherent radiation pulse is naturally synchronized with the X-ray pulses, and can be used for timing the XFEL to high power conventional lasers with femtosecond accuracy for pump-probe applications.     

Echo-enabled谐波放大自由电子激光参数

通过数值模拟,结合解析计算分析,研究了Echo-enabled谐波放大自由电子激光对装置参数和主要束流参数变化的独立敏感性,给出了谐波聚束因子和饱和功率随参数变化的数值模拟结果;对色散段由相干同步辐射效应引起的能散和发射度增长进行了估算和数值模拟。结果表明:相干同步辐射效应引起的切片能散和切片发射度增长在5%以内,对最后辐射影响不大。     

Undulator beamline optimization with integrated chicanes for X‐ray free‐electron‐laser facilities

An optimization of the undulator layout of X‐ray free‐electron‐laser (FEL) facilities based on placing small chicanes between the undulator modules is presented. The installation of magnetic chicanes offers the following benefits with respect to state‐of‐the‐art FEL facilities: reduction of the required undulator length to achieve FEL saturation, improvement of the longitudinal coherence of the FEL pulses, and the ability to produce shorter FEL pulses with higher power levels. Numerical simulations performed for the soft X‐ray beamline of the SwissFEL facility show that optimizing the advantages of the layout requires shorter undulator modules than the standard ones. This proposal allows a very compact undulator beamline that produces fully coherent FEL pulses and it makes possible new kinds of experiments that require very short and high‐power FEL pulses.