中药配方颗粒红外光谱法的快速鉴别

采用红外光谱法对中药配方颗粒及其辅料进行了鉴别研究。结果表明：不同生产厂商的配方颗粒中所添加的辅料类型及用量有较大差别；不同种的配方颗粒在辅料含量较低的情况下有较明显的指纹性，而辅料含量较高时，采用差谱技术可以提高谱图的指纹性，达到中药配方颗粒--鉴别的目的。该法简便、快速、可靠，是中药配方颗粒宏观质控的一个强有力的手段。     

不同产地黄芪的红外光谱鉴别研究

采用红外光谱、二阶导数红外光谱和二维相关红外光谱,对四种不同产地的黄芪原药材进行了鉴别研究。结果表明:不同产地黄芪的红外光谱和二阶导数红外谱具有一定的相似度,与淀粉的红外谱图比对,4个不同产地的黄芪均含有淀粉,其中陕西绥德产黄芪的淀粉含量比其它3个产地黄芪的都要高。山西浑源和山西天镇产黄芪谱图的1 510、1 425cm-1木质素特征峰比内蒙古固阳和陕西绥德产黄芪的更为明显,说明前二者产黄芪中木质素含量高于后二者产黄芪。在二维相关红外谱图上,根据4个产地黄芪的相对峰强度的差异,可进行产地的鉴别。研究结果表明对于不同产地黄芪的鉴别,红外三级鉴定法是一种快速有效的新方法。     

中药配方颗粒红外指纹图谱研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术分析鉴别了350种中药配方颗粒红外指纹图谱的结构特征。结果表明，借助于各种药用植物和动物配方颗粒的FTIR指纹图谱的差别可进行快速分类鉴别；根据配方颗粒与中药原药材谱图之间的相关性，以及中药材经过炮制、加热、水提处理后，配方颗粒与原药材之间在谱图上所代表的化学成分上的异同可以进行中药配方颗粒的质量控制；凭借不同炮制方法与未经炮制处理的配方颗粒间FTIR谱图的差别，可以进一步分析炮制后配方颗粒化学成分的变化，不同炮制方法对配方颗粒化学成分的影响；对于不同厂家的配方颗粒及同一厂家不同生产批号的配方颗粒也进行了较系统的分析研究。方法快速，简便，专属性强，不需对样品进行分离提取。     

红外光谱法直接鉴别苦丁茶的研究

本文利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法快速、直接地测定了11种苦丁茶,并对所获得的指纹图谱进行特征峰指认和对比分析。结果表明:各种苦丁茶化学成分相同,而由于各成分间的相对含量的不同,使每种样品都有自己独特的红外谱图,不同产地、不同级别苦丁茶的红外吸收频率、吸收峰的相对强度都存在比较大的差异。同时还运用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术对不同产地、不同级别苦丁茶的混合化学体系进行了全组分快速分析,为苦丁茶的鉴别及质量控制提供了可靠的依据。     

6种燕窝的傅里叶变换红外光谱法原性状快速鉴别

首次利用微钻石ATR探头傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）无损快速鉴别了6种燕窝。结果表明：印尼燕、越南燕、马来西亚燕、泰国血燕、菲律宾草燕和香港市售燕窝均有自己的红外特征谱,据谱图吸收峰的波数位置和相对峰强度的差异可达到燕窝类同和伪品和鉴别。该方法快速、简便、可靠。     

松杉灵芝不同部位的红外光谱分析研究

采用红外光谱三级鉴定法对松杉灵芝菌盖、表皮、菌柄、子实体不同部位的红外光谱图进行了整体分析。结果表明:松杉灵芝的各部位均含萜类、甾醇类、氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质和糖苷类等物质。在松杉灵芝的一维红外光谱中,菌盖的1 649cm-1峰的相对强度明显比表皮、菌柄和子实体强,说明菌盖中所含的氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质物质的量比其它部位高;在二阶导数谱中,四者在1 720~1 600cm-1范围内峰形差别较大,进一步说明松杉灵芝不同部位所含氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质物质不一致;而二维相关红外光谱中,各部位自动峰的数目、峰位置和峰相对强度都有所不同,可推断松杉灵芝各部位本身所含的糖苷类物质是不一致的。     

二维相关红外光谱法与阿胶的真伪鉴别

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)和二维相关红外光谱技术(2D-IR)对几种阿胶进行了真伪鉴别。实验结果表明,伪品阿胶和黄明胶与标本东阿阿胶的谱图较为相似,尤其是黄明胶与阿胶极其相似,仅仅在1648cm^-1的酰胺I带的吸收峰和东阿阿胶有9个波数的区别;不同批次和厂家的正品阿胶的红外光谱图更为相似,难以区分开,借助于二维相关红外光谱法,获取了物质的微观结构信息,提高了谱图的分辨率,几种真品阿胶得到了直观有效的鉴别。     

基于红外指纹光谱结合判别分析的木器漆种类鉴别研究

木器漆碎片的检验鉴定是微量物证检验中一项重要工作,实验借助红外光谱分析技术和判别分析,对木器漆的品牌归属实现了高效、准确的鉴别。实验收集了北京梅菲特、天津裕北等18个品牌的78种木器漆样本的红外指纹光谱图,选择自动基线校正预处理谱图,分别对每一种品牌的全部样本数据进行降维处理,对原始数据与降维后数据进行判别分析建立分类模型。经降维处理后的样本数据判别准确率达100%,而仅使用Fisher判别的结果为81.8%,表明采用降维法对数据预先处理可以一定程度提高木器漆分类的准确性。结果表明,红外指纹光谱结合判别分析模型对不同品牌水性木器漆的样本进行识别是可行的,为水性木器漆种类的快速鉴别提供理论支持。     

二维相关红外光谱与奶粉的品质分析

采用红外光谱法(FT-IR)并结合二阶导数谱对几种奶粉产品进行了无损快速鉴别。结果表明：不同脂肪含量的奶粉其最主要的差别直观地表现在1747cm^-1对应的脂肪C=O吸收峰强度的不同;同理,不同糖含量的奶粉红外谱图上的主要差别就体现在糖的特征峰带(1150—900cm^-1)的强度上。最后,采用二维相关红外光谱法(2D-IR)对全脂奶粉和全脂甜奶粉进行了热扰动过程研究,发现由于糖类物质的加入,奶粉蛋白成分在常温下变得相对稳定。该法为研究奶粉的稳定性提供了一条新的途径。     

松香及其改性产品的红外光谱法快速鉴别

由于松香、马来松香、聚合松香、歧化松香和氢化松香及其酯等松香深加工产品外观相似,很难凭感官鉴别,给执法部门的监管和企业产品的质量控制造成很大困难。本文通过选用不同松香深加工产品作为研究对象,分类别比较其傅里叶红外光谱和二阶导数红外光谱,对其进行快速鉴别。研究表明:利用红外光谱和二阶导数红外光谱特征吸收峰的位置和吸收强度等差异信息可将它们快速准确鉴别。     

Natural products of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum: occurrence,biological activities,and pharmacological functions

Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine, produces polysaccharides and oxygenated triterpenoids with a very broad spectrum of biological activities and pharmacological functions. Among the Ganoderma triterpenoids, many pairs of C-3 alpha/beta stereoisomers and C-3/C-15 positional isomers have been identified. Biosynthetic study has indicated that the C-3alpha series of oxygenated triterpenoids is derived from the C-3beta series via an oxidation-reduction pathway. The interaction of Ganoderma triterpenoids with human platelets in the induction of aggregation and inhibition of agonist-induced aggregation and signal transduction has been elucidated. Reduction of cellular mevalonate content to a stage in which cholesterol synthesis is strongly inhibited and cell growth is marginally arrested sensitizes hepatoma cells to the oxygenated triterpenoids. A combination treatment of lovastatin and Ganoderma triterpenoids in animal studies has exhibited a potential anticancer effect.     

Fingerprint profiling of acid hydrolyzates of polysaccharides extracted from the fruiting bodies and spores of Lingzhi by high-performance thin-layer chromatography

Modern extraction and planar chromatographic instrumentation were employed for the fingerprint profiling of carbohydrates from an important and popular medicinal mushroom commonly known as Lingzhi. For the first time, the feasibility of employing the high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) peak profiles (fingerprints) of carbohydrates for the screening of various Lingzhi species/products was demonstrated. An analytical procedure was developed such that upon acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharides extracted from various Lingzhi samples, fingerprint profiles that reveal the relative amounts of the degradation products, such as mono- and oligosaccharides, can be obtained using HPTLC plates (Si 50000) for separation and 4-aminobenzoic acid as the post-chromatographic derivatization reagent for detection. Also, using automated multiple development (AMD), the acid hydrolyzates from Lingzhi, consisting of simple and more complex sugars, can be separated simultaneously with high degree of automation. An important finding was that unique fingerprint patterns were observed in the monosaccharide profiles between two highly valued Lingzhi species, Ganoderma applanatum and Ganoderma lucidum, under total or partial acid hydrolysis conditions. Additionally, the HPTLC fingerprint profiles of carbohydrates were obtained from the extracts of the spores and fruiting bodies of Lingzhi and compared.     

Comparison of polysaccharides from two species of Ganoderma

Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense, known as Lingzhi in Chinese, are commonly used Chinese medicines with excellent beneficial health effects. Triterpenes and polysaccharides are usually considered as their main active components. However, the content of triterpenes differs significantly between the two species of Ganoderma. To date, a careful comparison of polysaccharides from the two species of Ganoderma has not been performed. In this study, polysaccharides from fruiting bodies of two species of Lingzhi collected from different regions of China were analyzed and compared based on HPSEC-ELSD and HPSEC-MALLS-RI analyses, as well as enzymatic digestion and HPTLC of acid hydrolysates. The results indicated that both the HPSEC-ELSD profiles and the molecular weights of the polysaccharides were similar. Enzymatic digestion showed that polysaccharides from all samples of Lingzhi could be hydrolyzed by pectinase and dextranase. HPTLC profiles of their TFA hydrolysates colored with different reagents and their monosaccharides composition were also similar.     

Thermal degradation of poly(alkyl acrylates). III. A secondary ester: Isopropyl acrylate

A quantitative analysis of the products of the thermal degradation of poly(isopropyl acrylate) has been made principally by the application of GLC and mass and infrared spectrometry. The major products are carbon dioxide and propylene. The carbon dioxide/propylene ratio is very low in the initial stages but converges to approximately 0.6 late in the reaction. There is some tendency to autocatalysis in the production of propylene. Carbon monoxide and isopropanol are very minor products, and there is no chain fragment fraction as in the degradation products of the poly(primary acrylates). Changes in the infrared spectrum of the polymer during degradation are in accordance with the formation of these products and the reaction characteristics are accounted for mechanistically.     

Pyrolysis Process of Plant Fibers北大核心CSCD

The natural plant fiber has a large molecular weight and complex structure and composition,and its thermal cracking products and the composition distribution are also more complex. The fast pyrolysiscomprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry（Py-GC×GC-TOF/MS）,thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（TG-FT-IR）,and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（in situ FT-IR）methods were used to study the thermal pyrolysis process of six different natural fibers. The distribution of thermal pyrolysis products of different fibers under different pyrolysis temperatures was investigated and the product form was fully discussed. The research results show that the products of fiber pyrolysis mainly include alcohols,aldehydes,ketones,acids,esters,hydrocarbons, dehydrated sugars and CO2,etc. The types of pyrolysis products of different natural plant fibers are obviously different,and the main product types obtained are all different. At the same time,the results of in situ infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry show that pyrolysis products are closely related to the pyrolysis temperature. The results of in situ infrared experiments show that when the pyrolysis temperature is lower than 100 °C,the adsorbed water on the surface of the fiber structure is desorbed,but the fiber structure does not change significantly. When the pyrolysis temperature range is 100~200 °C,the temperature has little effect toward the pyrolysis process. When the temperature exceeds 300 °C,the fiber pyrolysis reaction intensifies and the surface structure changes significantly,and the main products are aldehydes and ketones. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

Improved chromatographic fingerprints for facile differentiation of two Ganoderma spp

This paper addresses a comprehensive and comparative study of six phytochemical extraction methods for triterpenes from the fruiting body of Ganoderma spp. Quantitative analysis of extracts was performed by HPLC with photodiode array detection. In general, pressurized liquid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction under optimized conditions produce better yields, and the former also significantly reduces the total time of extraction and manipulation of a sample, as well as the amount of solvent used in comparison with conventional soxhlet, reflux, ultrasonic, and methanol-CO(2) supercritical fluid extractions. Based on the improved extraction protocol, the fingerprinting profiles for two species of Lingzhi were established using the consistent chromatographic features of 12 authentic samples. Eleven common peaks of ganoderic/ganoderenic acids were identified using LC-ESI-MS-MS. These specific triterpene groups were adopted as chemical markers for Lingzhi. Using chemometric analysis, the developed fingerprinting was successfully applied to differentiate between the two species under the Ganoderma genus and is applicable as a method for quality evaluation of this valuable medicinal fungus and its related proprietary products.     

各种栽培因子下培养的灵芝无机元素含量比较测定

研究表明,不同产地、段木材料和采收期所产出的灵芝,其无机元素含量有明显差异,为筛选最佳的灵芝野外生长条件提供了可靠依据。     

Étude structurale par absorption dans l'infrarouge et par diffusion raman d'aquo-carbonatolanthanidates (III) de formule générale,Nax[Ln(CO3)y(H2O)z], wH2O

An infrared and Raman study of sodium aquo-lanthanide (III) carbonates, their deuterated homologues and their thermal decomposition products has enabled the assignment of the infrared and Raman bands obtained. Structural indications are given about these compounds in the crystalline state and in solution.     

Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Ganoderma Lucidum (Lingzhi) using Accelerated Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detector

The residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) may occur in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). It is needed to analyze CHMs for OCPs to evaluate the risk of CHMs to the health of consumers. The common technique for sample preparation in OCPs determination is Soxhlet extraction^[1], which is time-consumable. Meanwhile, up to the present, no standard methods have been reported exactly for the determination of OCPs in Chinese medicines. The goal of the present research is to establish an analytical method suitable for the separation and determination of OCPs in Ganoderma Lucidum (lingzhi) and it's products.     

FTIR analysis of dimethyl ether decomposition products following charge transfer ionization with Ar+ under matrix isolation conditions

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis has been performed on argon matrices formed following electron bombardment of argon/dimethyl ether mixtures. Products consistent with the ionization and subsequent fragmentation of dimethyl ether cation have been observed. Following ionization of dimethyl ether, fragmentation occurs that is consistent with ionization energy greater than 15 eV due to efficient charge transfer from dimethyl ether to Ar(+) as the major ionization process. Major products observed in the infrared spectra are methane, formaldehyde, HCO(*), CO, and Ar(2)H(+). These products are consistent with the known fragmentation of photoionized dimethyl ether in a 15-16 eV ionization energy range. However, the observation of dehydrogenated products is consistent with additional abstraction of hydrogen from proximally located species isolated within the matrix. Analogous experiments employing CD(3)OCH(3) give similar results, and the observed isotopically substituted products are consistent with the proposed fragmentation pathways.