Sink移动的无线传感网中高连通性密钥预分配方案研究

在Sink移动的无线传感器网络中,安全性和连通性是密钥预分配方案研究中的两个难点.根据节点间安全通信的设计原理,移动Sink节点与传感器节点按一定概率进行安全通信,当网络规模较大时存在大量节点无法与移动Sink节点进行通信,从而降低整个网络的数据收集率.针对这一问题,基于算法N-PGPS为网络提供安全通信的前提下,提出了一种基于树的密钥预分配方案IN-PGPS.该方案以移动Sink节点为根节点,与其通信范围内的传感器节点构成一颗局部树,以此提高传感器节点与移动Sink节点连通的概率、提高网络连通性.分析结果表明,与已有的密钥预分配方案相比,IN-PGPS方案有效提高了网络的连通性.     

Ad Hoc网络区域划分和资源分配问题研究

主要利用图论、概率统计及优化理论对Ad-Hoc网络进行了数学建模.研究了等圆(不等圆)区域覆盖、带障碍区域的覆盖、确定性点覆盖、信道分配、抗毁度、节能性和通信质量等问题.定义了覆盖效率、抗毁性概率指标、覆盖系数、期望覆盖系数、网络寿命等一系列评价系数和衡量标准,提出了基于单位距离覆盖系数和期望覆盖系数的启发式寻优算法,并编程加以实现,得到较满意的近似解.     

基于能量变化的无线传感器网络覆盖算法

设计了一种基于能量变化的无线传感器网络覆盖算法.通常网络节点连接的通信范围应该大于两倍的感应范围,但这将导致网络能耗的增加.提出的算法采用最少数量的节点来解决传感器网络的覆盖率和网络的连通性问题.测量结果表明,提出的覆盖算法可以满足传感器节点的通信范围小于两倍的感应范围.这将降低传感器网络的能量损耗.算法通过使用不同能量水平的活跃节点来降低能量损耗,并且可以延长系统的使用寿命.     

衰减信道下的决策融合问题

本文针对国际上近几年兴起的研究热点——无线传感器网络在信道衰减下的决策融合问题进行探讨。分析了已有传感器决策融合问题算法的结构,在已知信道传输错误概率的条件下,将信道无传输错误的分析方法推广到信道衰减的情况,对传输错误和融合律的关系进行了深入分析。对给定融合律的网络决策融合问题,获得了最优容错传感器观测量化器的必要条件并设计了迭代算法。在没有增加问题的计算复杂度的情况下,得到了最优观测量化器。与国际上现有结果不同,新结果不要求传感器决策条件独立,也不要求各传感器与融合中心之间的信道相互独立,具有更加广泛的使用范围。     

改进多目标量子粒子群算法的WSN覆盖及能耗均衡

为了使无线传感器网络的覆盖率和能耗达到最优的效果,提出了一种改进的多目标粒子群优化算法,采用量子粒子群优化更新粒子,利用拥挤距离排序策略,并结合适应度函数值优劣特性对多目标矛盾的性能目标选择,同时通过拥挤距离对加速系数自适应调整提高算法搜索能力,得到了逼近真实前沿的Pareto解集,具有更快的收敛速度和更强的寻优能力.通过对比实验结果表明:提出的算法在解决WSN的多目标优化问题时,能够避免算法陷入局部最优解,更好地平衡网络覆盖和动态通信能耗,使整个网络的综合指数达到了6.249,均明显优于其他三种算法.     

基于非适应性组合群测的多路存取信道模型的构作

在多路存取信道中当前用户的信息传输是计算机通信网络的一个重要内容,基于组合群测理论构作了多路存取信道模型,介绍了它在多路存取信道中当前用户信息传输方面的应用.     

基于基扩展的快时变多径信道建模与估计

建立了离散化时变信道的简化模型,能够同时反映出高速移动通信环境中的快时变与多径传播两种特性;建立了快变信道的基扩展逼近模型,同时对基函数扩展阶数和系数进行优化,以进一步降低模型算法的复杂度;建立了适用于快变信道的帧格式优化模型,优化系统导频数,进一步提高系统的传输效率.对三种典型的基函数(复指数基、离散卡洛基和多项式基)进行了性能分析,并从精度、稳健性、复杂度等方面进行了比较.根据新的离散化时变信道模型,建立了基于Jakes模型的快变多径信道仿真器,搭建了一个实用的通信系统仿真平台,通过仿真系统的BER性能验证了所建模型的有效性.     

移动通信中的无线信道指纹特征建模

为了探索无线信道的传播特征并建立相应的无线信道模型,针对无线信道的"指纹"特征建模及场景识别问题,提出基于无迹卡尔曼神经网络的信道建模方法.首先采用霍特林变换对信道传播数据进行预处理,实现数据从复数域到实数域的转换,然后利用主元分析对数据进行降维,得到降维数据后,采用无迹卡尔曼神经网络进行无线信道"指纹"特征建模,最后根据模型的输出值建立无线信道的评价指标,对测量的信道数据进行场景划分以及场景识别.仿真结果表明:无迹卡尔曼神经网络所建信道模型可准确对无线信道进行类别划分和场景识别.     

带危险度瓶颈限制的服务站截流选址－分配模型研究

该文考虑带危险度瓶颈限制的服务站截流选址－分配问题(FCLM). 假设网络中各边有两个向量:长度和危险度. 对于有一个起点和多个讫点的FCLM问题,网络的安全费用是一个关于可抵御最大危险度等级的非递减函数. 该问题考虑如何选取可抵御最大危险度的等级和服务站的位置使得建站费用和安全费用之和最小. 文中建立了该问题的模型并提出了基于后序遍历的替代算法.     

机场新增卫星厅对登机口影响的评估方法

为了解决航站楼客流量饱和的问题,采用一种增加卫星厅的方法,实现了旅客分流.基于单目标整数线性规划和多目标优化的方法,分别构建了登机口优化分配网络模型和多目标优化模型.利用登机口优化分配网络算法筛选出所使用的共同登机口,建立了目标函数并列出约束条件,采用目标约束法对建立的模型进行求解.在此基础上,根据目标建模的思想,建立了可供中转旅客总体流程时间最短且使用登机口数量最小的航班-登机口分配模型.利用MATLAB计算可知,利用42个登机口即可实现303架航班的正常运转.     

Worst-case analysis of a dynamic channel assignment strategy

We consider the problem of channel assignment in cellular networks with arbitrary reuse distance. We show upper and lower bounds for the competitive ratio of a previously proposed and widely studied version of dynamic channel assignment, which we refer to as the greedy algorithm. We study two versions of this algorithm: one that performs reassignment of channels, and one that never reassigns channels to calls. For reuse distance 2, we show tight bounds on the competitive ratio of both versions of the algorithm. For reuse distance 3, we show non-trivial lower bounds for both versions of the algorithm.     

Deadlock properties of queueing networks with finite capacities and multiple routing chains

Blocking in queueing network models with finite capacities can lead to deadlock situations. In this paper, deadlock properties are investigated in queueing networks with multiple routing chains. The necessary and sufficient conditions for deadlockfree queueing networks with blocking are provided. An optimization algorithm is presented for finding deadlock-free capacity assignments with the least total capacity. The optimization algorithm maps the queueing network into a directed graph and obtains the deadlock freedom conditions from a specified subset of cycles in the directed graph. In certain network topologies, the number of deadlock freedom conditions can be large, thus, making any optimization computationally expensive. For a special class of topologies, so-calledtandem networks, it is shown that a minimal capacity assignment can be directly obtained without running an optimization algorithm. Here, the solution to the minimal capacity assignment takes advantage of the regular topology of tandem networks.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CCR-90-11981.     

A Heuristic Procedure for Leasing Channels in Telecommunications Networks

Rapid advances in computing and communications technology have made distributed computing an attractive alternative for geographically dispersed organizations. A telecommunication sub-network forms the backbone of these distributed systems. In general, this paper focuses on the assignment of communication channel capacities in the presence of time variant usage patterns. Specifically, we concentrate on long-range capacity planning for organizations that construct networks by leasing communication channels from telecommunication companies. We formulate the capacity assignment problem as a 0-1 integer program that seeks to minimize total leasing cost subject to communication delay restrictions. Unlike previous models that include a single-system wide-average delay constraint, our model allows the flexibility of specifying delay restrictions by communicating node pairs. We propose an efficient heuristic, and a Lagrangian relaxation based procedure to obtain performance guarantees on the solution obtained from the heuristic.     

Multi-objective optimization for stochastic computer networks using NSGA-II and TOPSIS

Network reliability is a performance indicator of computer/communication networks to measure the quality level. However, it is costly to improve or maximize network reliability. This study attempts to maximize network reliability with minimal cost by finding the optimal transmission line assignment. These two conflicting objectives frustrate decision makers. In this study, a set of transmission lines is ready to be assigned to the computer network, and the computer network associated with any transmission line assignment is regarded as a stochastic computer network (SCN) because of the multistate transmission lines. Therefore, network reliability means the probability to transmit a specified amount of data successfully through the SCN. To solve this multiple objectives programming problem, this study proposes an approach integrating Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). NSGA-II searches for the Pareto set where network reliability is evaluated in terms of minimal paths and Recursive Sum of Disjoint Products (RSDP). Subsequently, TOPSIS determines the best compromise solution. Several real computer networks serve to demonstrate the proposed approach.     

Genetic Tabu search for robust fixed channel assignment under dynamic traffic data

The contribution of this work is twofold. Firstly, we introduce a new channel assignment model for GSM radio networks. In this model both spatial and temporal variations of traffic are taken into account in order to improve network capacity and robustness. Secondly, using this model, we develop an original and effective hybrid algorithm to get high quality frequency plans. This algorithm combines a problem specific crossover and a Tabu search procedure. The proposed model and hybrid algorithm are evaluated using both artificial and real data. Computational results allow us to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

A branch-and-cut algorithm for the minimum-adjacency vertex coloring problem

In this work we study a particular way of dealing with interference in combinatorial optimization models representing wireless communication networks. In a typical wireless network, co-channel interference occurs whenever two overlapping antennas use the same frequency channel, and a less critical interference is generated whenever two overlapping antennas use adjacent channels. This motivates the formulation of the minimum-adjacency vertex coloring problem which, given an interference graph $G$ representing the potential interference between the antennas and a set of prespecified colors/channels, asks for a vertex coloring of $G$ minimizing the number of edges receiving adjacent colors. We propose an integer programming model for this problem and present three families of facet-inducing valid inequalities. Based on these results, we implement a branch-and-cut algorithm for this problem, and we provide promising computational results.     

ATM network design for corporate networks

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks play an important role in support of distributed applications and modern corporate systems. The applications that use these architectures transfer high volumes of data in high-speed bursts and have stringent delay requirements. To address these needs, network managers seek cost efficient network solutions that provide network capacity sufficient to support high-speed applications.In this paper we present a new formulation and solution procedure for designing ATM networks to support corporate applications. Given the locations of the application servers and multiple clients we would like to design a minimum cost ATM network by which the clients can access the servers. Most of the previous work done in this area separates the problem into a routing problem (virtual circuit routing) and an assignment (virtual path assignment) problem. Thus, the solutions tend to be sub-optimal in the combined problem. This research optimizes virtual path (VP) assignment and virtual circuit (VC) routing simultaneously. We formulate the combined problem explicitly and develop an effective solution method. The solution method provides the designer with virtual paths and virtual circuits over which the actual communication takes place. Computational results are provided.     

Assignment of add–drop multiplexer (ADM) rings and digital cross-connect system (DCS) mesh in telecommunication networks

This paper discusses a design of a hybrid ring–mesh network in a survivable communication network. Given a set of traffic demands, the problem is to assign each traffic demand to rings and mesh such that the cost of add–drop multiplexer (ADM) and digital cross-connect system (DCS) equipment required is minimized. This assignment problem can be considered together with the fibre routing of nodes on rings and mesh. As a solution procedure, a tabu search is developed with recency-based short-term and frequency-based long-term memory structures. In computational experiments, the proposed tabu search is compared with the solutions obtained by the branch and bound procedure of CPLEX. We see that the tabu search provides a nearly optimal solution within sufficiently short time periods for all test problems with a gap of approximately 1–4% from the lower bound.     

Optimal Network Design for Wireless Local Area Network

Network design for wireless local area networks is an important issue in the deployment of these networks. Research activities are presently being undertaken in two major areas: determining the location of base stations (BSs) and assigning the frequency channels for these stations. Our BS location problem selects a set of BSs to provide the best demand area coverage and maximize the signal level and physical area attendance priority. Adequate channel assignment reduces signal interference and improves network throughput. This paper reports a real world experiment where we applied the concepts of two classical outdoor problems namely the optimal BS location problem and the fixed channel assignment problem to build a WLAN into an indoor environment. We propose a mathematical model that we solve by a commercial software and report the computational results.     

The Delay-Capacity product for store-and-forward communication networks: Tree networks

A store-and-forward communication network under a maximal message delay criterion is considered. It is shown that the overall channel capacityC and the associated minimal maximal delayγ, as well as the maximal delayγ and the associated minimal overall capacityC, are characterized by a unique Delay-Capacity (γC) product number. The latter is related to a Delay-Capacity product (γC)⁺ number, uniquely determined solely by the topological structure of the communication network. Basic characteristics of the optimal delay and capacity assignment, a useful algoritm for the calculation of (γC)⁺ and simple upper and lower bounds on (γC)⁺, are derived for store-and-forward tree networks. Synthesis considerations and applications to hierarchical communication networks are noted.