光子计数位置灵敏探测器畸变多项式校正

采用多项式校正方法对光子计数位置灵敏探测器成像畸变进行校正。介绍光子计数位置灵敏探测器工作原理并分析其畸变产生原因;介绍多项式校正原理,并给出光子计数位置灵敏探测器畸变多项式校正流程;采用该方法对两种不同畸变程度的基于楔条形阳极该类探测器进行了畸变校正,校正后残余误差分别为2.5pixel和1.2pixel。实验结果表明,多项式校正法能够有效校正光子计数位置灵敏探测器成像畸变。     

畸变波前相位校正效果分析

 以随机相位屏构造波前畸变相位,运用高通滤波的方法模拟变形镜对光束波前畸变相位的校正作用,模拟分析了畸变波前的相位校正效果,定量分析了校正效果与低频相位畸变和高频相位畸变之间的关系,并进一步讨论了变形镜的校正位置对校正效果的影响。研究结果表明:对于给定单元尺寸的变形镜,随着畸变波前中高频相位畸变所占比例的增大,经校正后的远场光束质量明显降低,校正效果也越来越差。此外,光学变形镜所在位置对校正效果存在明显影响,校正效果随校正位置的变化呈现出起伏变化。     

广角镜头桶形畸变的二元二次多项式修正法

为了修正广角镜头的桶形畸变,提出了一种基于二元二次多项式的修正方法,阐述了其图像的像素坐标校正和像素灰度恢复方法。该方法首先用模板对广角镜头进行对准相对标定,然后用二元二次多项式拟合畸变图像与非畸变图像像素坐标之间的规律,最后把该方法应用于某广角镜头拍摄的图像,并采用最小二乘法对校正效果进行评价。结果表明:在不考虑视觉系统具体参数的情况下,该方法能够有效地对广角镜头桶形畸变进行修正。     

面向开环扫描系统的超声图像畸变校正方法

超声显微成像技术广泛应用于工业无损检测领域。相较于闭环、半闭环扫描系统硬件复杂、成本高,开环扫描系统结构简单、成本低,但由于无反馈机制会导致步进电机的非线性运动引起图像像素错位畸变。因此,消除非线性运动带来的错位畸变是采用开环扫描系统实现高质量超声成像的关键。该文提出集最大值投影法、最大类间方差法和中心坐标校正法于一体的MIP-Otsu-C³M方法,对开环扫描系统获得的硬币回波数据采用最大值投影法获取初始灰度图像,采用最大类间方差法获取感兴趣区域的B扫描图像边缘像素位置,并采用中心坐标校正法成功消除像素错位,解决了超声C扫描图像畸变问题。对消除错位畸变的回波数据进行飞行时间法和傅里叶变换法图像重建,直接获得了非畸变的三维图像和透视图像。该新颖算法也验证了最大值投影法可拓展至图像畸变校正应用。     

一种成像式亮度计校正方法北大核心CSCD

采用图像传感器的成像式亮度计可通过短焦距成像物镜实现大视场和空间分辨的亮度测量,但仍存在图像传感器像素非线性响应,短焦物镜产生的强烈渐晕效应及图像边缘畸变等问题。因此提出了一种成像式亮度计校正方法,利用标准辐射源法进行线性校正与平场校正,以获得线性修正系数和平场校正矩阵,通过几何坐标标定法获得畸变校正矩阵。采用焦距为12 mm的物镜及200万pixel的图像传感器搭建了成像式亮度计,经校正后完成了液晶显示屏发光亮度测量,与商用分光辐射亮度计进行了对比测试,测量相对误差不超过±2%,实现了大视场高精度空间分辨亮度测量。     

Estimation of mutual information objective function based on Fourier shift theorem: an application to eddy current distortion correction in diffusion tensor imaging

Diffusion tensor imaging requires correction of eddy current distortion in diffusion-weighted images. An effective retrospective correction approach is to transform a diffusion-weighted image to maximize the mutual information (MI) between the transformed diffusion-weighted image and the corresponding T2-weighted image. In the literature, either linear interpolation or partial volume interpolation is applied to estimate the MI objective function. However, these interpolation methods induce artifacts to the MI objective function, thus compromising correction results. In this work, the MI objective function is estimated based on interpolation using Fourier shift theorem. This method eliminates the artifacts incurred with the aforementioned interpolation methods. The algorithm is further improved by approximating pixel values using their nearest neighbors in the up-sampled spatial domain, resulting in dramatically increased computational efficiency without compromising the correction results. The effects of varying the number of quantization levels and using Parzen window filtering to smooth the MI objective function are also investigated to obtain optimized algorithm parameters. The diffusion tensor image quality after applying the proposed distortion correction method is significantly improved visually.     

离轴非球面零位补偿检验的非线性畸变校正

在大口径、快焦比非球面的补偿检验中，入射光线在短距离内发生大角度急剧折转，导致干涉仪面形检验结果图像产生非线性畸变，严重影响了数控小磨盘抛光的位置精度和误差去除效率。为了校正离轴非球面在补偿检验中产生的图像畸变，提出了一种校正非线性畸变图像的方法，通过同心环带法确定畸变中心位置并利用光线追迹建立被检镜到干涉图的映射关系。针对某一光学系统的520 mm×250 mm的离轴抛物面主镜进行了畸变图像的校正，校正结果面形与工件面形的位置偏差降到1 mm以下，满足小磨盘抛光的工作要求。     

Smart microscope: an adaptive optics learning system for aberration correction in multiphoton confocal microscopy

Off-axis aberrations in a beam-scanning multiphoton confocal microscope are corrected with a deformable mirror. The optimal mirror shape for each pixel is determined by a genetic learning algorithm, in which the second-harmonic or two-photon fluorescence signal from a reference sample is maximized. The speed of the convergence is improved by use of a Zernike polynomial basis for the deformable mirror shape. This adaptive optical correction scheme is implemented in an all-reflective system by use of extremely short (10-fs) optical pulses, and it is shown that the scanning area of an f:1 off-axis parabola can be increased by nine times with this technique.     

A distortion correction algorithm for fish-eye panoramic image of master-slave visual surveillance system

A master-slave visual surveillance system is composed of one fish-eye panoramic camera and one dynamic pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) dome camera. In order to make PTZ dome camera zoom into all targets of interest in panoramic image, the fish-eye panoramic camera is fixed inclining towards the gravity direction, which may cause more obvious distortion. This paper proposed a novel method for the distortion correction of captured panoramic image based on the midpoint circle algorithm (MCA). The method uses incremental calculation of decision parameters to determine the pixel positions along a circle circumference, and both of the vertical and horizontal are rectilinearised. Experimental results show that our correction method based on MCA is efficient and effective. In particular, due to its low computational cost, our method can be applied on embedded camera platform without any extra hardware resources.     

书籍扫描图像畸变参数自动计算方法的研究

为实现书籍扫描图像的畸变自动校正,提出用多项式来描述各像素的理论灰度g(zi)与页面上对应点到扫描仪工作平面距离zi二者之间的关系。为确立该多项式,在畸变参数已知条件下扫描一幅图像,根据已知畸变参数求出zi,即可按最小二乘法原理由各像素灰度的实际值求出多项式的各个系数。实验证明,采用4阶多项式已能满足一般要求,并求出了各系数。对任意扫描图像,自动计算畸变参数的方法为:首先利用扫描图像上页边空白处各像素的灰度,对畸变参数进行估计,并求出zi的估计值;然后代入所确立的多项式,可求得g(zi);通过调整各畸变参数的估计值,直到g(zi)与gi最为接近,即得最佳畸变参数。用于图像校正实验,获得了较好的校正效果,最大误差由不校正时的41%下降到了6.9%。这使得无需用户测量并输入有关畸变参数即可进行自动校正。     

顾及光谱混叠的高光谱相机任意方向侧扫几何成像

以移动平台的线推扫式高光谱相机横向推扫成像不同于以卫星平台或飞机平台的竖直摄影成像方式,其属于水平方向推扫竖直方向成像,存在投影面选择、空间方位确定以及光顾混叠等问题。针对上述情况,详细推导了适合于线阵高光谱相机地面推扫的影像像素地理参考模型,可以进行任意方向的地面横向推扫成像;结合影像的地面采样间隔大小及推扫成像的区域范围,给出了地理参考后影像格网划分的一般过程;同时,考虑到在影像格网划分过程中存在的舍入误差,以及在影像校正过程中采用传统直接光谱采样可能造成的光谱掺杂问题,提出了基于地理参考后相邻像素重叠面积作为权重系数进行加权融合的改进光谱采样方法。最后进行了大量地面横向推扫成像实验,并依据上述算法进行了影像畸变校正,验证了线阵影像几何畸变校正算法的有效性及鲁棒性,同时,对校正好后的影像选用多个样本点进行了光谱数据验证,实验表明改进后的光谱采样方法明显优于直接光谱采样算法,为同类产品的地面应用提供参考。     

广角红外地球敏感器光学系统设计及畸变校正

为了满足低轨道航天器姿态轨道控制系统对小型化地球敏感器的需求,对广角长波红外地球敏感器光学系统设计及成像畸变校正技术进行了研究。广角长波红外光学系统采用反远距结构形式,由三片锗透镜实现140°的视场角,光学系统工作波段为14 μm~16.25 μm,F数为0.8。广角长波红外光学系统体积小、结构简单,并且成像质量良好,实现了红外地球敏感器光学系统的小型化高精度设计。采用分视场区间分别建立畸变校正公式的方法来实现光学系统成像畸变校正,校正精度优于像元尺寸的1/5,可满足敏感器产品姿态测量的需求。     

水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统透镜畸变的消除

采用短焦距透镜设计水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统,会使系统更加小型化,然而短焦距透镜的畸变会对系统成像产生影响。为此建立了具有径向畸变的相机模型;根据这一相机模型,研究了采用短焦距摄像头的水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统中,透镜畸变对系统成像的影响,结果表明短焦距透镜的畸变会对系统成像产生严重影响;为了消除透镜畸变的影响,对反射镜的设计进行了改进,在反射镜面形微分方程中包含了透镜畸变消除的参量;按新的方法,设计了一套由短焦距摄像头组成的水平场景无畸变折反射全景成像系统。     

使用点弥散函数模型法校正扩散频谱影像內磁化率差异引致影像扭曲的效力评估(英文)

平面回波影像(EPI)常常在额叶、颞叶或脑干处出现严重的影像扭曲.目前已有数种方法可校正这种由磁化率差异造成的影像扭曲,该文提出一种简单有效的方法叫点弥散函数模型法.由纤维追踪的角度来探讨影像扭曲校正的有效性.评估的方法是将点弥散函数模型法应用于扩散频谱影像,并比较由扭曲影像与校正影像所得之扣带回纤维数目的多寡.定义了一个指标用来量化影像扭曲校正的有效性:r=( Nc-Nd)/( Nc+Nd),此值越大代表校正影像的纤维追踪结果越好.对于左扣带回与右扣带回,其r值分别为0 .424±0 .452(平均±标准差)及0 .343±0 .452 ,且在统计上皆显著大于零.结果显示,就左右扣带回而言,校正后的影像其纤维追踪的结果较扭曲影像更佳.因此,将点弥散函数模型法应用于校正扩散频谱影像的扭曲可增进左右扣带回的纤维追踪的结果.     

Study of second harmonic generation by non-linear crystals with phase conjugation

We present the correction of the phase distortion which occurs during the second harmonic generation by non-linear crystals, such as KDP and KTP at high average power laser. This is due to the optical quality and thicknesses of the crystals which in turn influence the quality of the incident laser beam. This phase distortion is corrected by reflecting back the laser beam into the crystal using a phase conjugate mirror. It is found that the conversion efficiency of second harmonic generation without phase conjugation is more than that with phase conjugation. Far field pattern shows that the distortion of the laser beam can be corrected by using the phase conjugate mirror. Fidelity of the beam profile increases significantly with phase conjugation in the case of KDP crystal.     

基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化

在X射线工业CT(ICT)中,射束硬化会导致重建的图像出现伪影,甚至产生变形。为了消除这种影响,提出了一种基于重投影的多项式拟合校正射束硬化的方法。该方法对原始CT图像进行阈值分割二值化,将物体目标区域的像素值设为1;重投影此二值图像以获取X射线贯穿物体的长度集合;利用多项式拟合此长度集合与多色投影间的关系来建立射束硬化校正模型,用该模型对多色投影进行校正。与传统的多项式拟合校正方法相比,该方法不需要楔状模体(用于测量不同厚度下的衰减值,以此来建立射束硬化校正模型)。研究表明,该方法能有效地抑制射束硬化的影响。     

应用反射型球面菲涅耳波带片的成像物镜设计

设计了一种应用球面菲涅耳波带反射面与非球面反射面结合的成像物镜。对球面结构的菲涅耳波带反射面进行分析,推导了球面菲涅耳波带反射面近似替代非球面的方法,采用单片球面菲涅耳波带反射面和三片非球面反射面设计成像物镜,在放大倍数100×、视场角120°、菲涅耳数2.5情况下,调制传递函数在放大成像侧可实现0.6 lp/mm的40%以上,畸变小于2.2%。该设计方法为菲涅耳波带片应用于可见光成像提供了参考,并随着菲涅耳器件加工技术的不断发展具有良好的应用前景。     

一种基于畸变等效曲面的图像畸变校正

介绍了一种图像畸变的等效曲面模型,用于修正由于光学系统或图像传感器产生的畸变。分析了球形畸变模型的原理,推导出基于球形模型的畸变校正公式,并给出了基于球形模型的畸变校正的具体实现方法,通过实验对这种畸变校正的效果进行了验证。这种曲面畸变模型的校正具有实现简单,不需求解方程组等优点,并可以推广到其他曲面,具有比较广泛的实用性。     

Characteristics of geometric distortion correction with increasing field-of-view in open-configuration MRI

Open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems are becoming increasingly desirable for musculoskeletal imaging and image-guided radiotherapy because of their non-claustrophobic configuration. However, geometric image distortion in large fields-of-view (FOV) due to field inhomogeneity and gradient nonlinearity hinders the practical applications of open-type MRI. We demonstrated the use of geometric distortion correction for increasing FOV in open MRI. Geometric distortion was modeled and corrected as a global polynomial function. The appropriate polynomial order was identified as the minimum difference between the coordinates of control points in the distorted MR image space and those predicted by polynomial modeling. The sixth order polynomial function was found to give the optimal value for geometric distortion correction. The area of maximum distortion was < 1 pixel with an FOV of 285 mm. The correction performance error was increased at most 1.2% and 2.9% for FOVs of 340 mm and ~ 400 mm compared with the FOV of 285 mm. In particular, unresolved distortion was generated by local deformation near the gradient coil center.     

Earth-to-deep-space optical communications system with adaptive tilt and scintillation correction by use of near-Earth relay mirrors

Performance of an Earth-to-deep-space optical telecommunications system is degraded by distortion of the beam as it propagates through the turbulent atmosphere. Conventional approaches to correcting distortions, based on natural or artificial guide stars, have practical difficulties or are not adequate for correction of distortions, which are important for Earth-to-deep-space optical links. A beam-relay approach that overcomes these difficulties is discussed. A downward-directed laser near an orbiting relay mirror provides a reference for atmospheric correction. Adaptive optics at the ground station compensate the uplink beam so that after it passes through the atmosphere uplink propagation effects are removed. The orbiting mirror then directs the corrected beam to the distant spacecraft.